bitcoinsig.py

# the code below is 'borrowed' almost verbatim from electrum,
# https://gitorious.org/electrum/electrum
# and is under the GPLv3.

import ecdsa
import base64
import hashlib
from ecdsa.util import string_to_number

# secp256k1, http://www.oid-info.com/get/1.3.132.0.10
_p = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2FL
_r = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141L
_b = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007L
_a = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000L
_Gx = 0x79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798L
_Gy = 0x483ada7726a3c4655da4fbfc0e1108a8fd17b448a68554199c47d08ffb10d4b8L
curve_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.CurveFp( _p, _a, _b )
generator_secp256k1 = ecdsa.ellipticcurve.Point( curve_secp256k1, _Gx, _Gy, _r )
oid_secp256k1 = (1,3,132,0,10)
SECP256k1 = ecdsa.curves.Curve("SECP256k1", curve_secp256k1, generator_secp256k1, oid_secp256k1 ) 

addrtype = 0

# from http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2009/03/07/computing-modular-square-roots-in-python/

def modular_sqrt(a, p):
    """ Find a quadratic residue (mod p) of 'a'. p
    must be an odd prime.
    
    Solve the congruence of the form:
    x^2 = a (mod p)
    And returns x. Note that p - x is also a root.
    
    0 is returned is no square root exists for
    these a and p.
    
    The Tonelli-Shanks algorithm is used (except
    for some simple cases in which the solution
    is known from an identity). This algorithm
    runs in polynomial time (unless the
    generalized Riemann hypothesis is false).
    """
    # Simple cases
    #
    if legendre_symbol(a, p) != 1:
        return 0
    elif a == 0:
        return 0
    elif p == 2:
        return p
    elif p % 4 == 3:
        return pow(a, (p + 1) / 4, p)
    
    # Partition p-1 to s * 2^e for an odd s (i.e.
    # reduce all the powers of 2 from p-1)
    #
    s = p - 1
    e = 0
    while s % 2 == 0:
        s /= 2
        e += 1
        
    # Find some 'n' with a legendre symbol n|p = -1.
    # Shouldn't take long.
    #
    n = 2
    while legendre_symbol(n, p) != -1:
        n += 1
        
    # Here be dragons!
    # Read the paper "Square roots from 1; 24, 51,
    # 10 to Dan Shanks" by Ezra Brown for more
    # information
    #
    
    # x is a guess of the square root that gets better
    # with each iteration.
    # b is the "fudge factor" - by how much we're off
    # with the guess. The invariant x^2 = ab (mod p)
    # is maintained throughout the loop.
    # g is used for successive powers of n to update
    # both a and b
    # r is the exponent - decreases with each update
    #
    x = pow(a, (s + 1) / 2, p)
    b = pow(a, s, p)
    g = pow(n, s, p)
    r = e
    
    while True:
        t = b
        m = 0
        for m in xrange(r):
            if t == 1:
                break
            t = pow(t, 2, p)
            
        if m == 0:
            return x
        
        gs = pow(g, 2 ** (r - m - 1), p)
        g = (gs * gs) % p
        x = (x * gs) % p
        b = (b * g) % p
        r = m
        
def legendre_symbol(a, p):
    """ Compute the Legendre symbol a|p using
    Euler's criterion. p is a prime, a is
    relatively prime to p (if p divides
    a, then a|p = 0)
    
    Returns 1 if a has a square root modulo
    p, -1 otherwise.
    """
    ls = pow(a, (p - 1) / 2, p)
    return -1 if ls == p - 1 else ls

__b58chars = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
__b58base = len(__b58chars)

def b58encode(v):
    """ encode v, which is a string of bytes, to base58.		
    """

    long_value = 0L
    for (i, c) in enumerate(v[::-1]):
        long_value += (256**i) * ord(c)

    result = ''
    while long_value >= __b58base:
        div, mod = divmod(long_value, __b58base)
        result = __b58chars[mod] + result
        long_value = div
    result = __b58chars[long_value] + result

    # Bitcoin does a little leading-zero-compression:
    # leading 0-bytes in the input become leading-1s
    nPad = 0
    for c in v:
        if c == '\0': nPad += 1
        else: break

    return (__b58chars[0]*nPad) + result

def msg_magic(message):
    return "\x18Bitcoin Signed Message:\n" + chr( len(message) ) + message

def Hash(data):
    return hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(data).digest()).digest()

def hash_160(public_key):
    md = hashlib.new('ripemd160')
    md.update(hashlib.sha256(public_key).digest())
    return md.digest()

def hash_160_to_bc_address(h160):
    vh160 = chr(addrtype) + h160
    h = Hash(vh160)
    addr = vh160 + h[0:4]
    return b58encode(addr)

def public_key_to_bc_address(public_key):
    h160 = hash_160(public_key)
    return hash_160_to_bc_address(h160)

def encode_point(pubkey, compressed=False):
    order = generator_secp256k1.order()
    p = pubkey.pubkey.point
    x_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.x(), order)
    y_str = ecdsa.util.number_to_string(p.y(), order)
    if compressed:
        return chr(2 + (p.y() & 1)) + x_str
    else:
        return chr(4) + x_str + y_str

def sign_message(private_key, message, compressed=False):
    public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
    signature = private_key.sign_digest( Hash( msg_magic( message ) ), sigencode = ecdsa.util.sigencode_string )
    address = public_key_to_bc_address(encode_point(public_key, compressed))
    assert public_key.verify_digest( signature, Hash( msg_magic( message ) ), sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
    for i in range(4):
        nV = 27 + i
        if compressed:
            nV += 4
        sig = base64.b64encode( chr(nV) + signature )
        try:
            if verify_message( address, sig, message):
                return sig
        except:
            continue
    else:
        raise BaseException("error: cannot sign message")

def verify_message(address, signature, message):
    """ See http://www.secg.org/download/aid-780/sec1-v2.pdf for the math """
    from ecdsa import numbertheory, ellipticcurve, util
    curve = curve_secp256k1
    G = generator_secp256k1
    order = G.order()
    # extract r,s from signature
    sig = base64.b64decode(signature)
    if len(sig) != 65: raise BaseException("Wrong encoding")
    r,s = util.sigdecode_string(sig[1:], order)
    nV = ord(sig[0])
    if nV < 27 or nV >= 35:
        return False
    if nV >= 31:
        compressed = True
        nV -= 4
    else:
        compressed = False
    recid = nV - 27
    # 1.1
    x = r + (recid/2) * order
    # 1.3
    alpha = ( x * x * x  + curve.a() * x + curve.b() ) % curve.p()
    beta = modular_sqrt(alpha, curve.p())
    y = beta if (beta - recid) % 2 == 0 else curve.p() - beta
    # 1.4 the constructor checks that nR is at infinity
    R = ellipticcurve.Point(curve, x, y, order)
    # 1.5 compute e from message:
    h = Hash( msg_magic( message ) )
    e = string_to_number(h)
    minus_e = -e % order
    # 1.6 compute Q = r^-1 (sR - eG)
    inv_r = numbertheory.inverse_mod(r,order)
    Q = inv_r * ( s * R + minus_e * G )
    public_key = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_public_point( Q, curve = SECP256k1 )
    # check that Q is the public key
    public_key.verify_digest( sig[1:], h, sigdecode = ecdsa.util.sigdecode_string)
    # check that we get the original signing address
    addr = public_key_to_bc_address(encode_point(public_key, compressed))
    if address == addr:
        return True
    else:
        #print addr
        return False
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # some simple testing code
    print verify_message('16vqGo3KRKE9kTsTZxKoJKLzwZGTodK3ce',
            'HPDs1TesA48a9up4QORIuub67VHBM37X66skAYz0Esg23gdfMuCTYDFORc6XGpKZ2/flJ2h/DUF569FJxGoVZ50=',
            'test message') # good
    print verify_message('16vqGo3KRKE9kTsTZxKoJKLzwZGTodK3ce',
            'HPDs1TesA48a9up4QORIuub67VHBM37X66skAYz0Esg23gdfMuCTYDFORc6XGpKZ2/flJ2h/DUF569FJxGoVZ50=',
            'test message 2') # bad

    private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string( '5JkuZ6GLsMWBKcDWa5QiD15Uj467phPR', curve = SECP256k1 )
    public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
    bitcoinaddress = public_key_to_bc_address( encode_point(public_key) )
    print bitcoinaddress
    sig = sign_message(private_key, 'test message')
    print sig
    print verify_message(bitcoinaddress, sig, 'test message')
    print verify_message('1GdKjTSg2eMyeVvPV5Nivo6kR8yP2GT7wF',
            'GyMn9AdYeZIPWLVCiAblOOG18Qqy4fFaqjg5rjH6QT5tNiUXLS6T2o7iuWkV1gc4DbEWvyi8yJ8FvSkmEs3voWE=',
            'freenode:#bitcoin-otc:b42f7e7ea336db4109df6badc05c6b3ea8bfaa13575b51631c5178a7')

    print verify_message('1Hpj6xv9AzaaXjPPisQrdAD2tu84cnPv3f',
            'INEJxQnSu6mwGnLs0E8eirl5g+0cAC9D5M7hALHD9sK0XQ66CH9mas06gNoIX7K1NKTLaj3MzVe8z3pt6apGJ34=',
            'testtest')
    print verify_message('18uitB5ARAhyxmkN2Sa9TbEuoGN1he83BX',
            'IMAtT1SjRyP6bz6vm5tKDTTTNYS6D8w2RQQyKD3VGPq2i2txGd2ar18L8/nvF1+kAMo5tNc4x0xAOGP0HRjKLjc=',
            'testtest')

    # sign compressed key
    compressed = True
    secret = 'dea7715ddcf5aba27530d6a1393813fbdd09af3aeb5f4f1616f563833d07babb'.decode('hex')
    private_key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string( secret, curve = SECP256k1 )
    public_key = private_key.get_verifying_key()
    bitcoinaddress = public_key_to_bc_address( encode_point(public_key, compressed) )
    print bitcoinaddress

    sig = sign_message(private_key, 'test message', compressed)
    print sig

    print verify_message(bitcoinaddress, sig, 'test message')

    print verify_message('1LsPb3D1o1Z7CzEt1kv5QVxErfqzXxaZXv',
            'H3I37ur48/fn52ZvWQT+Mj2wXL36gyjfaN5qcgfiVRTJb1eP1li/IacCQspYnUntiRv8r6GDfJYsdiQ5VzlG3As=',
            'testtest')