Fix #2449, crc calculation refactor

[jphickey]

Checklist (Please check before submitting)

• I reviewed the Contributing Guide.
• I signed and emailed the appropriate Contributor License Agreement to GSFC-SoftwareRelease@mail.nasa.gov and copied cfs-program@lists.nasa.gov.

Describe the contribution
Move the current CRC-16 algorithm to a separate source file and better structure the code to support future CRC algorithm alternatives. Improve documentation to better indicate what the current algorithm is and what to expect going forward.

Also corrects for issues in the CRC functional test:

• Use the standard check input and compare against the standard check value for CRC-16/ARC.
• Change cases from MIR to a normal test case - given a specific algorithm with specific input, the return value should be the same.

Fixes #2449

Testing performed
Build and run coverage test and functional test

Expected behavior changes
CRC algorithms are better documented, code better abstracted in a separate source file to more easily permit additional routines to be implemented in the future.

Functional test cases are fixed and should be comparable to 3rd party implementation of the same algorithm.

System(s) tested on
Debian

Contributor Info - All information REQUIRED for consideration of pull request
Joseph Hickey, Vantage Systems, Inc.

[jphickey]

Sample of functional test output after this fix.

[BEGIN] 22 Test Calculate CRC
[ INFO] es_misc_test.c:39:Testing: CFE_ES_CalculateCRC
[ PASS] 22.001 es_misc_test.c:42 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_CHECK_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_CHECK_INPUT) - 1, 1, CFE_ES_CrcType_NONE) (0) == 0 (0)
[ PASS] 22.002 es_misc_test.c:45 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_CHECK_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_CHECK_INPUT) - 1, 1, CFE_ES_CrcType_MAX + 1) (0) == 0 (0)
[ PASS] 22.003 es_misc_test.c:48 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_CHECK_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_CHECK_INPUT) - 1, 0, CFE_ES_CrcType_16_ARC) (47933) == 0xBB3D (47933)
[ PASS] 22.004 es_misc_test.c:55 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_CHECK_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_CHECK_INPUT) - 1, 0, CFE_MISSION_ES_DEFAULT_CRC) (47933) == 0xBB3D (47933)
[ PASS] 22.005 es_misc_test.c:58 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_OTHER_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_OTHER_INPUT) - 1, 0, CFE_ES_CrcType_16_ARC) (4579) == 0x11E3 (4579)
[ PASS] 22.006 es_misc_test.c:61 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_CHECK_INPUT, sizeof(CRC_CHECK_INPUT) - 1, 345353, CFE_ES_CrcType_16_ARC) (58515) == 0xE493 (58515)
[ PASS] 22.007 es_misc_test.c:64 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(NULL, sizeof(CRC_OTHER_INPUT), inputCrc, CFE_ES_CrcType_16_ARC) (345353) == inputCrc (345353)
[ PASS] 22.008 es_misc_test.c:65 - CFE_ES_CalculateCRC(CRC_OTHER_INPUT, 0, inputCrc, CFE_ES_CrcType_16_ARC) (345353) == inputCrc (345353)
[ INFO]                        ABORT::0     WARN::0     FLOW::0     DEBUG::0     N/A::0   
[  END] 22 Test Calculate CRC   TOTAL::8     PASS::8     FAIL::0     MIR::0     TSF::0     TTF::0   

Notably, CRC values in the range of 0x8000 - 0xFFFF are returned correctly now. Previously, they were reported as a 32-bit sign-extended value, e.g. 0xFFFFE493 (4294960275) instead of 0xE493 (58515). Although the lower 16 bits still matched, a user would have to mask those out to check it. Now, it matches properly.