INSTRUCTIONS for USE

At the top of the page is the name of the current directory .

Underneath, could appear the two titles Files or Directories .

Under Files , if present, appear the names of the files contained in the current directory . Depending on the type of the file as viewed by the user file system, when clicking on the name of the file, four types of action could happen :

• The automatic display of the content of this file .
• The automatic display of the content of this file by an editor ( Wordpad or Word if you use Windows ) .
• The automatic display of a window asking two questions :
  • Either to display the file by an editor ( Wordpad or Word if you use Windows ) ;
  • Or to copy the file somewhere in the user system . If needed, binary files can be always copied somewhere to be analized using some byte editor like Hexplorer .

Under Directories , if present, appear the names of the directories contained in the current directory . Remember that Multics directories have been reorganized in three types of directories :

• Multics directories, restricted to the ASCII files contained in the original Multics directory;
• binaries directories containing the binary files of the upper Multics directory ;
• damaged directories containing the damaged files of the upper Multics directory ( due to conversion or disk errors at Calgary ) .

• Clicking on a directory reference will display the content of this new directory .

To return to the upper directory, use your browser's BACK function ( if you use Internet Explorer under Windows, click as usual on the left arrow at the left up corner ) .

HISTORICAL BACK GROUND

• This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge .

• This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system .

• Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970) , renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s , under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles.

• Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. .

• To know more, look at Multicians.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The decision to retrocede the Multics Sources from Bull to MIT was made by Didier LAMOUCHE, President of Bull .

The decision to create this Internet site was made by Jerry GROCHOW , VP for Information Systems and Technology at MIT (Cambridge, MA) .

The following Bull Managers have made possible the positive decision making on this project:

• Gerard ROUCAIROL, Group Bull Chief Scientist, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .
• Herve MOUREN, President of Bull Systems, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .
• Matthew FOXTON, Group Bull VP for Communication, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .
• Christian LOYAU, Group Bull General Counsel, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .
• Henry PFAHL, GCOS Product Lines Director, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .
• Bob FOWLER, Director, Customer Support & Quality, Bull HN Information Systems (Phoenix, AZ) .
• Tom MAHER, Bull HN General Counsel, (Billerica, MA) .
• Guy PROUD, Director of GCOS Development for Bull, (Phoenix, AZ, and Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .

The achievement of this project would not be possible without the involvement of the following Engineers :

• Tom VAN VLECK, Multicians site Manager, whose constant help to this project have made it to succeed. Tom has brought all his expertise on Multics, and also a large programmatic support in Perl to process the 14 384 files of Mutltics Sources presented here and in HTML to create this server. Great thanks to Tom.
• David SCHROTH, who saved on a DAT the entire Multics Sources before the shutdown of the last Multics system running in CGI (Calgary, Canada). Whitout his intervention, Multics Sources would be lost. Special thanks to Dave and CGI.
• Henrik CZAJA, SuperSelect engineer, who kept the DAT for two years .Thanks to Henrick .
• Jacky BOULAY, Systems Operation, Bull Engineering, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France), who created the CDs from the David DAT . Thanks to Jacky .
• Alain LEMOINE, Systems Operation, Bull Engineering, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France), who helped to correct characters changes by Windows from Unix . Thanks to Alain .
• Patrick BIENATI, Systems Operation, Bull Engineering, (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France), who helped in making the final delivered material . Thanks to Patrick .

COPYRIGHT

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that this copyright notice and the above historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission.

• Copyright 1972 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc.
• Copyright 2006 by Bull HN Information Systems Inc.
• Copyright 2006 by Bull SAS All Rights Reserved

AUTHOR

This Project was realized by Bernard NIVELET, retired Director from Bull -- Strategy, Engineering and Sales -- (Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France) .