/
slides.tex
365 lines (319 loc) · 11.4 KB
/
slides.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
\documentclass[xetex,mathsans,sans,aspectratio=169]{beamer}
\usepackage{listings}
\usetheme{Boadilla}
\usecolortheme{orchid}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setsansfont{Basis Grotesque}
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{multicol}
\input{template.tex}
\title[\titlefooter]{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{pdf/nucypher_logo.pdf}}
\author[\presenterfooter]{\presenter}
\date[\eventdate]{\event, \eventdate}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Public Key Encryption (PKE)}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics<1>[width=11cm]{pdf/pke-multi.pdf}
\includegraphics<2>[width=11cm]{pdf/pke-multi-hack.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{What is proxy re-encryption (PRE)}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{pdf/pre-multi.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Solution}
\framesubtitle{Proxy re-encryption + Key Management}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{pdf/pre-kms.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Centralized KMS using PRE}
\framesubtitle{Encryption}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/encrypt.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Centralized KMS using PRE}
\framesubtitle{Access delegation}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/delegate.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Centralized KMS using PRE}
\framesubtitle{Decryption}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/decrypt.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Decentralized Key Management}
\framesubtitle{Using threshold split-key re-encryption (Umbral)}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=6.5cm]{pdf/decrypt-umbral.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Umbral: Threshold Proxy Re-encryption}
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{``Umbral''} is Spanish for \emph{``threshold''}
\item PRE properties: Unidirectional, single-hop, non-interactive
\item Follows a KEM/DEM approach:
\begin{itemize}
\item UmbralKEM provides the threshold re-encryption capability
\item Uses ECIES for key encapsulation with ZK proofs of correctness for verifiability on prime order curves (such as secp256k1)
\item DEM can be any authenticated encryption (currently ChaCha20-Poly1305)
\end{itemize}
\item IND-PRE-CCA security
\item Key splitting is analogous to Shamir Secret Sharing
\item Verification of re-encryption correctness through Non-Interactive ZK Proofs
\item Reference implementation: \url{https://github.com/nucypher/pyUmbral}
\item Documentation: \url{https://github.com/nucypher/umbral-doc}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{KMS Network: Data Sharing + PKE}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/permissioned.pdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item Single node has access to data
\item Single node can deny to do work
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{KMS Network: Data Sharing + PKE + Shamir Secret Sharing}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/permissioned-sss.pdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item Nodes can collude to gain access to data
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{KMS Network: Data Sharing + PRE}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/prenodes.pdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item Single node collusion with receiver possible
\item Single node can deny to do work
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{KMS Network: Data Sharing + Threshold PRE (Umbral)}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/umbralnodes.pdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item Collusion now requires $m$ nodes + receiver
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{NU Token}
\framesubtitle{Purpose}
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{1em}
\item Splitting trust across re-encryption nodes
\begin{itemize}
\item More tokens = more trust, more work, and more compensation
\end{itemize}
\item Proof of Stake for minting new coins according to the mining schedule
\item Security deposit at stake against malicious behavior of nodes
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Data Sharing Policies}
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{1em}
\item Time-based
\item Conditional on payment
\begin{itemize}
\item ``Grant access once paid, continue granting while paying''
\end{itemize}
\item Smart contract (public) method
\end{itemize}
\bigskip
Decentralized re-encryption nodes (Ursulas) relied on to apply conditions without having the ability to decrypt data
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Demo}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/terminal.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Use Cases}
\framesubtitle{Encrypted file sharing}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/file-sharing-alternative.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Use Cases}
\framesubtitle{Encrypted multi-user chats}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/chats-alternative.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Use Cases}
\framesubtitle{Decentralized access-controlled content}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm]{pdf/streams-alternative.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Early Users}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=11.5cm]{pdf/projects.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Competing Technology}
Data Masking and Tokenization
\begin{itemize}
\item Less secure for data with underlying patterns
\item Reduce the value of data by obfuscating it
\end{itemize}
Public Key Encryption
\begin{itemize}
\item Data must be decrypted before it is shared
\item Not Scalable
\end{itemize}
Multi-Party Computation
\begin{itemize}
\item Interactive protocol
\item Slow Performance
\end{itemize}
Fully Homomorphic Encryption
\begin{itemize}
\item Slow Peformance
\begin{itemize}
\item NuCypher has developed a GPU-accelerated FHE library: nuFHE
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Fully Homomorphic Encryption}
\framesubtitle{nuFHE library}
\begin{itemize}
\item GitHub: \url{https://nucypher.dev/nufhe}
\item GPU implementation of fully homomorphic encryption
\item Uses either FFT or integer NTT
\item Achieved 100x performance over TFHE benchmarks
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{pdf/nufhe-benchmarks.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{FHE Proof of Concept}
\framesubtitle{Sputnik}
\begin{itemize}
\item GitHub: \url{https://nucypher.dev/sputnik}
\item Assembly language and interpreter for FHE that uses nuFHE
\item Commits a merkle root of computation to the blockchain for proof of logic flow
\item Used to execute first homomorphic smart contract at ETHBerlin 2018
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{pdf/sputnik-tweet.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{More Information}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{pdf/nucypher_logo.pdf}
\end{figure}
Website: \url{https://www.nucypher.com}
Whitepaper: \url{https://www.nucypher.com/whitepapers/english.pdf}
Proxy Re-encryption Network: \url{https://nucypher.dev/nucypher}
Umbral Reference Implementation: \url{https://nucypher.dev/pyUmbral}
nuFHE: \url{https://nucypher.dev/nufhe}
Discord: \url{http://discord.nucypher.com}
E-mail: \href{mailto:\emailname @nucypher.com}{\emailname @nucypher.com}
E-mail: \href{mailto:hello@nucypher.com}{hello@nucypher.com}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: Umbral Flow Diagram}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=11cm]{pdf/umbral-kem-flow.pdf}
\end{figure}
\begin{itemize}
\item Reference implementation: \url{https://nucypher.dev/pyUmbral}
\item Documentation: \url{https://nucypher.dev/umbral-doc}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: Security Audits}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=2.5cm]{pdf/security-audits.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: NU Token Metrics}
\framesubtitle{Mining}
Mining \& Staking Economics: \url{https://nucypher.dev/mining-paper}
\bigskip
Mining reward:
\begin{align}
\kappa &= \left(0.5 + 0.5\frac{\min(T_i, T_1)}{T_1}\right) \nonumber \\
T_{i,\text{initial}} &\ge T_{\min} \nonumber \\
\delta s_{i,t} &= \kappa\, \frac{l_i}{\sum l_j} \frac{\ln{2}}{T_{1/2}} \left( S_{\max} - S_{t-1}\right) \nonumber
\end{align}
Results into:
$$\text{reward} \propto 2^{\frac{t}{T_{1/2}}}$$
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: NU Token Metrics}
\framesubtitle{Graph of daily mining compensation}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/daily-compensation.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: NU Token Metrics}
\framesubtitle{Relocking mining rewards}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=5.5cm]{pdf/total-compensation.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Appendix: Team}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=12.5cm]{pdf/company.pdf}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\end{document}