GDataXMLNode.m

/* Copyright (c) 2008 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define GDATAXMLNODE_DEFINE_GLOBALS 1
#import "GDataXMLNode.h"

@class NSArray, NSDictionary, NSError, NSString, NSURL;
@class GDataXMLElement, GDataXMLDocument;


static const int kGDataXMLParseOptions = (XML_PARSE_NOCDATA | XML_PARSE_NOBLANKS);

// dictionary key callbacks for string cache
static const void *StringCacheKeyRetainCallBack(CFAllocatorRef allocator, const void *str);
static void StringCacheKeyReleaseCallBack(CFAllocatorRef allocator, const void *str);
static CFStringRef StringCacheKeyCopyDescriptionCallBack(const void *str);
static Boolean StringCacheKeyEqualCallBack(const void *str1, const void *str2);
static CFHashCode StringCacheKeyHashCallBack(const void *str);

// isEqual: has the fatal flaw that it doesn't deal well with the received
// being nil. We'll use this utility instead.

// Static copy of AreEqualOrBothNil from GDataObject.m, so that using
// GDataXMLNode does not require pulling in all of GData.
static BOOL AreEqualOrBothNilPrivate(id obj1, id obj2) {
  if (obj1 == obj2) {
    return YES;
  }
  if (obj1 && obj2) {
    return [obj1 isEqual:obj2];
  }
  return NO;
}


// convert NSString* to xmlChar*
//
// the "Get" part implies that ownership remains with str

static xmlChar* GDataGetXMLString(NSString *str) {
  xmlChar* result = (xmlChar *)[str UTF8String];
  return result;
}

// Make a fake qualified name we use as local name internally in libxml
// data structures when there's no actual namespace node available to point to
// from an element or attribute node
//
// Returns an autoreleased NSString*

static NSString *GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(NSString *theURI, NSString *name) {

  NSString *localName = [GDataXMLNode localNameForName:name];
  NSString *fakeQName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"{%@}:%@",
                         theURI, localName];
  return fakeQName;
}


// libxml2 offers xmlSplitQName2, but that searches forwards. Since we may
// be searching for a whole URI shoved in as a prefix, like
//   {http://foo}:name
// we'll search for the prefix in backwards from the end of the qualified name
//
// returns a copy of qname as the local name if there's no prefix
static xmlChar *SplitQNameReverse(const xmlChar *qname, xmlChar **prefix) {

  // search backwards for a colon
  int qnameLen = xmlStrlen(qname);
  for (int idx = qnameLen - 1; idx >= 0; idx--) {

    if (qname[idx] == ':') {

      // found the prefix; copy the prefix, if requested
      if (prefix != NULL) {
        if (idx > 0) {
          *prefix = xmlStrsub(qname, 0, idx);
        } else {
          *prefix = NULL;
        }
      }

      if (idx < qnameLen - 1) {
        // return a copy of the local name
        xmlChar *localName = xmlStrsub(qname, idx + 1, qnameLen - idx - 1);
        return localName;
      } else {
        return NULL;
      }
    }
  }

  // no colon found, so the qualified name is the local name
  xmlChar *qnameCopy = xmlStrdup(qname);
  return qnameCopy;
}

@interface GDataXMLNode (PrivateMethods)

// consuming a node implies it will later be freed when the instance is
// dealloc'd; borrowing it implies that ownership and disposal remain the
// job of the supplier of the node

+ (id)nodeConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode;
- (id)initConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode;

+ (id)nodeBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode;
- (id)initBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode;

// getters of the underlying node
- (xmlNodePtr)XMLNode;
- (xmlNodePtr)XMLNodeCopy;

// search for an underlying attribute
- (GDataXMLNode *)attributeForXMLNode:(xmlAttrPtr)theXMLNode;

// return an NSString for an xmlChar*, using our strings cache in the
// document
- (NSString *)stringFromXMLString:(const xmlChar *)chars;

// setter/getter of the dealloc flag for the underlying node
- (BOOL)shouldFreeXMLNode;
- (void)setShouldFreeXMLNode:(BOOL)flag;

@end

@interface GDataXMLElement (PrivateMethods)

+ (void)fixUpNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)nodeToFix
            graftingToTreeNode:(xmlNodePtr)graftPointNode;
@end

@implementation GDataXMLNode

+ (void)load {
  xmlInitParser();
}

// Note on convenience methods for making stand-alone element and
// attribute nodes:
//
// Since we're making a node from scratch, we don't
// have any namespace info.  So the namespace prefix, if
// any, will just be slammed into the node name.
// We'll rely on the -addChild method below to remove
// the namespace prefix and replace it with a proper ns
// pointer.

+ (GDataXMLElement *)elementWithName:(NSString *)name {

  xmlNodePtr theNewNode = xmlNewNode(NULL, // namespace
                                     GDataGetXMLString(name));
  if (theNewNode) {
    // succeeded
    return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:theNewNode];
  }
  return nil;
}

+ (GDataXMLElement *)elementWithName:(NSString *)name stringValue:(NSString *)value {

  xmlNodePtr theNewNode = xmlNewNode(NULL, // namespace
                                     GDataGetXMLString(name));
  if (theNewNode) {

    xmlNodePtr textNode = xmlNewText(GDataGetXMLString(value));
    if (textNode) {

      xmlNodePtr temp = xmlAddChild(theNewNode, textNode);
      if (temp) {
        // succeeded
        return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:theNewNode];
      }
    }

    // failed; free the node and any children
    xmlFreeNode(theNewNode);
  }
  return nil;
}

+ (GDataXMLElement *)elementWithName:(NSString *)name URI:(NSString *)theURI {

  // since we don't know a prefix yet, shove in the whole URI; we'll look for
  // a proper namespace ptr later when addChild calls fixUpNamespacesForNode

  NSString *fakeQName = GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(theURI, name);

  xmlNodePtr theNewNode = xmlNewNode(NULL, // namespace
                                     GDataGetXMLString(fakeQName));
  if (theNewNode) {
      return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:theNewNode];
  }
  return nil;
}

+ (id)attributeWithName:(NSString *)name stringValue:(NSString *)value {

  xmlChar *xmlName = GDataGetXMLString(name);
  xmlChar *xmlValue = GDataGetXMLString(value);

  xmlAttrPtr theNewAttr = xmlNewProp(NULL, // parent node for the attr
                                     xmlName, xmlValue);
  if (theNewAttr) {
    return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr) theNewAttr];
  }

  return nil;
}

+ (id)attributeWithName:(NSString *)name URI:(NSString *)attributeURI stringValue:(NSString *)value {

  // since we don't know a prefix yet, shove in the whole URI; we'll look for
  // a proper namespace ptr later when addChild calls fixUpNamespacesForNode

  NSString *fakeQName = GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(attributeURI, name);

  xmlChar *xmlName = GDataGetXMLString(fakeQName);
  xmlChar *xmlValue = GDataGetXMLString(value);

  xmlAttrPtr theNewAttr = xmlNewProp(NULL, // parent node for the attr
                                     xmlName, xmlValue);
  if (theNewAttr) {
    return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr) theNewAttr];
  }

  return nil;
}

+ (id)textWithStringValue:(NSString *)value {

  xmlNodePtr theNewText = xmlNewText(GDataGetXMLString(value));
  if (theNewText) {
    return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:theNewText];
  }
  return nil;
}

+ (id)namespaceWithName:(NSString *)name stringValue:(NSString *)value {

  xmlChar *href = GDataGetXMLString(value);
  xmlChar *prefix;

  if ([name length] > 0) {
    prefix = GDataGetXMLString(name);
  } else {
    // default namespace is represented by a nil prefix
    prefix = nil;
  }

  xmlNsPtr theNewNs = xmlNewNs(NULL, // parent node
                               href, prefix);
  if (theNewNs) {
    return [self nodeConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr) theNewNs];
  }
  return nil;
}

+ (id)nodeConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode {
  Class theClass;

  if (theXMLNode->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
    theClass = [GDataXMLElement class];
  } else {
    theClass = [GDataXMLNode class];
  }
  return [[[theClass alloc] initConsumingXMLNode:theXMLNode] autorelease];
}

- (id)initConsumingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode {
  self = [super init];
  if (self) {
    xmlNode_ = theXMLNode;
    shouldFreeXMLNode_ = YES;
  }
  return self;
}

+ (id)nodeBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode {
  Class theClass;
  if (theXMLNode->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
    theClass = [GDataXMLElement class];
  } else {
    theClass = [GDataXMLNode class];
  }

  return [[[theClass alloc] initBorrowingXMLNode:theXMLNode] autorelease];
}

- (id)initBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)theXMLNode {
  self = [super init];
  if (self) {
    xmlNode_ = theXMLNode;
    shouldFreeXMLNode_ = NO;
  }
  return self;
}

- (void)releaseCachedValues {

  [cachedName_ release];
  cachedName_ = nil;

  [cachedChildren_ release];
  cachedChildren_ = nil;

  [cachedAttributes_ release];
  cachedAttributes_ = nil;
}


// convert xmlChar* to NSString*
//
// returns an autoreleased NSString*, from the current node's document strings
// cache if possible
- (NSString *)stringFromXMLString:(const xmlChar *)chars {

#if DEBUG
  NSCAssert(chars != NULL, @"GDataXMLNode sees an unexpected empty string");
#endif
  if (chars == NULL) return nil;

  CFMutableDictionaryRef cacheDict = NULL;

  NSString *result = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL
    && (xmlNode_->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE
        || xmlNode_->type == XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE
        || xmlNode_->type == XML_TEXT_NODE)) {
    // there is no xmlDocPtr in XML_NAMESPACE_DECL nodes,
    // so we can't cache the text of those

    // look for a strings cache in the document
    //
    // the cache is in the document's user-defined _private field

    if (xmlNode_->doc != NULL) {

      cacheDict = xmlNode_->doc->_private;

      if (cacheDict) {

        // this document has a strings cache
        result = (NSString *) CFDictionaryGetValue(cacheDict, chars);
        if (result) {
          // we found the xmlChar string in the cache; return the previously
          // allocated NSString, rather than allocate a new one
          return result;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // allocate a new NSString for this xmlChar*
  result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(const char *) chars];
  if (cacheDict) {
    // save the string in the document's string cache
    CFDictionarySetValue(cacheDict, chars, result);
  }

  return result;
}

- (void)dealloc {

  if (xmlNode_ && shouldFreeXMLNode_) {
    xmlFreeNode(xmlNode_);
    xmlNode_ = NULL;
  }

  [self releaseCachedValues];
  [super dealloc];
}

#pragma mark -

- (void)setStringValue:(NSString *)str {
  if (xmlNode_ != NULL && str != nil) {

    if (xmlNode_->type == XML_NAMESPACE_DECL) {

      // for a namespace node, the value is the namespace URI
      xmlNsPtr nsNode = (xmlNsPtr)xmlNode_;

      if (nsNode->href != NULL) xmlFree((char *)nsNode->href);

      nsNode->href = xmlStrdup(GDataGetXMLString(str));

    } else {

      // attribute or element node

      // do we need to call xmlEncodeSpecialChars?
      xmlNodeSetContent(xmlNode_, GDataGetXMLString(str));
    }
  }
}

- (NSString *)stringValue {

  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    if (xmlNode_->type == XML_NAMESPACE_DECL) {

      // for a namespace node, the value is the namespace URI
      xmlNsPtr nsNode = (xmlNsPtr)xmlNode_;

      str = [self stringFromXMLString:(nsNode->href)];

    } else {

      // attribute or element node
      xmlChar* chars = xmlNodeGetContent(xmlNode_);
      if (chars) {

        str = [self stringFromXMLString:chars];

        xmlFree(chars);
      }
    }
  }
  return str;
}

- (NSString *)XMLString {

  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    xmlBufferPtr buff = xmlBufferCreate();
    if (buff) {

      xmlDocPtr doc = NULL;
      int level = 0;
      int format = 0;

      int result = xmlNodeDump(buff, doc, xmlNode_, level, format);

      if (result > -1) {
        str = [[[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:(xmlBufferContent(buff))
                                        length:(xmlBufferLength(buff))
                                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease];
      }
      xmlBufferFree(buff);
    }
  }

  // remove leading and trailing whitespace
  NSCharacterSet *ws = [NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet];
  NSString *trimmed = [str stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:ws];
  return trimmed;
}

- (NSString *)localName {
  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    str = [self stringFromXMLString:(xmlNode_->name)];

    // if this is part of a detached subtree, str may have a prefix in it
    str = [[self class] localNameForName:str];
  }
  return str;
}

- (NSString *)prefix {

  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    // the default namespace's prefix is an empty string, though libxml
    // represents it as NULL for ns->prefix
    str = @"";

    if (xmlNode_->ns != NULL && xmlNode_->ns->prefix != NULL) {
      str = [self stringFromXMLString:(xmlNode_->ns->prefix)];
    }
  }
  return str;
}

- (NSString *)URI {

  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    if (xmlNode_->ns != NULL && xmlNode_->ns->href != NULL) {
      str = [self stringFromXMLString:(xmlNode_->ns->href)];
    }
  }
  return str;
}

- (NSString *)qualifiedName {
  // internal utility

  NSString *str = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {
    if (xmlNode_->type == XML_NAMESPACE_DECL) {

      // name of a namespace node
      xmlNsPtr nsNode = (xmlNsPtr)xmlNode_;

      // null is the default namespace; one is the loneliest number
      if (nsNode->prefix == NULL) {
        str = @"";
      }
      else {
        str = [self stringFromXMLString:(nsNode->prefix)];
      }

    } else if (xmlNode_->ns != NULL && xmlNode_->ns->prefix != NULL) {

      // name of a non-namespace node

      // has a prefix
      char *qname;
      if (asprintf(&qname, "%s:%s", (const char *)xmlNode_->ns->prefix,
                   xmlNode_->name) != -1) {
        str = [self stringFromXMLString:(const xmlChar *)qname];
        free(qname);
      }
    } else {
      // lacks a prefix
      str = [self stringFromXMLString:(xmlNode_->name)];
    }
  }

  return str;
}

- (NSString *)name {

  if (cachedName_ != nil) {
    return cachedName_;
  }

  NSString *str = [self qualifiedName];

  cachedName_ = [str retain];

  return str;
}

+ (NSString *)localNameForName:(NSString *)name {
  if (name != nil) {

    NSRange range = [name rangeOfString:@":"];
    if (range.location != NSNotFound) {

      // found a colon
      if (range.location + 1 < [name length]) {
        NSString *localName = [name substringFromIndex:(range.location + 1)];
        return localName;
      }
    }
  }
  return name;
}

+ (NSString *)prefixForName:(NSString *)name {
  if (name != nil) {

    NSRange range = [name rangeOfString:@":"];
    if (range.location != NSNotFound) {

      NSString *prefix = [name substringToIndex:(range.location)];
      return prefix;
    }
  }
  return nil;
}

- (NSUInteger)childCount {

  if (cachedChildren_ != nil) {
    return [cachedChildren_ count];
  }

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    unsigned int count = 0;

    xmlNodePtr currChild = xmlNode_->children;

    while (currChild != NULL) {
      ++count;
      currChild = currChild->next;
    }
    return count;
  }
  return 0;
}

- (NSArray *)children {

  if (cachedChildren_ != nil) {
    return cachedChildren_;
  }

  NSMutableArray *array = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    xmlNodePtr currChild = xmlNode_->children;

    while (currChild != NULL) {
      GDataXMLNode *node = [GDataXMLNode nodeBorrowingXMLNode:currChild];

      if (array == nil) {
        array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:node];
      } else {
        [array addObject:node];
      }

      currChild = currChild->next;
    }

    cachedChildren_ = [array retain];
  }
  return array;
}

- (GDataXMLNode *)childAtIndex:(unsigned)index {

  NSArray *children = [self children];

  if ([children count] > index) {

    return [children objectAtIndex:index];
  }
  return nil;
}

- (GDataXMLNodeKind)kind {
  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {
    xmlElementType nodeType = xmlNode_->type;
    switch (nodeType) {
      case XML_ELEMENT_NODE:         return GDataXMLElementKind;
      case XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE:       return GDataXMLAttributeKind;
      case XML_TEXT_NODE:            return GDataXMLTextKind;
      case XML_CDATA_SECTION_NODE:   return GDataXMLTextKind;
      case XML_ENTITY_REF_NODE:      return GDataXMLEntityDeclarationKind;
      case XML_ENTITY_NODE:          return GDataXMLEntityDeclarationKind;
      case XML_PI_NODE:              return GDataXMLProcessingInstructionKind;
      case XML_COMMENT_NODE:         return GDataXMLCommentKind;
      case XML_DOCUMENT_NODE:        return GDataXMLDocumentKind;
      case XML_DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:   return GDataXMLDocumentKind;
      case XML_DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE:   return GDataXMLDocumentKind;
      case XML_NOTATION_NODE:        return GDataXMLNotationDeclarationKind;
      case XML_HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE:   return GDataXMLDocumentKind;
      case XML_DTD_NODE:             return GDataXMLDTDKind;
      case XML_ELEMENT_DECL:         return GDataXMLElementDeclarationKind;
      case XML_ATTRIBUTE_DECL:       return GDataXMLAttributeDeclarationKind;
      case XML_ENTITY_DECL:          return GDataXMLEntityDeclarationKind;
      case XML_NAMESPACE_DECL:       return GDataXMLNamespaceKind;
      case XML_XINCLUDE_START:       return GDataXMLProcessingInstructionKind;
      case XML_XINCLUDE_END:         return GDataXMLProcessingInstructionKind;
      case XML_DOCB_DOCUMENT_NODE:   return GDataXMLDocumentKind;
    }
  }
  return GDataXMLInvalidKind;
}

- (NSArray *)nodesForXPath:(NSString *)xpath error:(NSError **)error {
  // call through with no explicit namespace dictionary; that will register the
  // root node's namespaces
  return [self nodesForXPath:xpath namespaces:nil error:error];
}

- (NSArray *)nodesForXPath:(NSString *)xpath
                namespaces:(NSDictionary *)namespaces
                     error:(NSError **)error {

  NSMutableArray *array = nil;
  NSInteger errorCode = -1;
  NSDictionary *errorInfo = nil;

  // xmlXPathNewContext requires a doc for its context, but if our elements
  // are created from GDataXMLElement's initWithXMLString there may not be
  // a document. (We may later decide that we want to stuff the doc used
  // there into a GDataXMLDocument and retain it, but we don't do that now.)
  //
  // We'll temporarily make a document to use for the xpath context.

  xmlDocPtr tempDoc = NULL;
  xmlNodePtr topParent = NULL;

  if (xmlNode_->doc == NULL) {
    tempDoc = xmlNewDoc(NULL);
    if (tempDoc) {
      // find the topmost node of the current tree to make the root of
      // our temporary document
      topParent = xmlNode_;
      while (topParent->parent != NULL) {
        topParent = topParent->parent;
      }
      xmlDocSetRootElement(tempDoc, topParent);
    }
  }

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL && xmlNode_->doc != NULL) {

    xmlXPathContextPtr xpathCtx = xmlXPathNewContext(xmlNode_->doc);
    if (xpathCtx) {
      // anchor at our current node
      xpathCtx->node = xmlNode_;

      // if a namespace dictionary was provided, register its contents
      if (namespaces) {
        // the dictionary keys are prefixes; the values are URIs
        for (NSString *prefix in namespaces) {
          NSString *uri = [namespaces objectForKey:prefix];

          xmlChar *prefixChars = (xmlChar *) [prefix UTF8String];
          xmlChar *uriChars = (xmlChar *) [uri UTF8String];
          int result = xmlXPathRegisterNs(xpathCtx, prefixChars, uriChars);
          if (result != 0) {
#if DEBUG
            NSCAssert1(result == 0, @"GDataXMLNode XPath namespace %@ issue",
                      prefix);
#endif
          }
        }
      } else {
        // no namespace dictionary was provided
        //
        // register the namespaces of this node, if it's an element, or of
        // this node's root element, if it's a document
        xmlNodePtr nsNodePtr = xmlNode_;
        if (xmlNode_->type == XML_DOCUMENT_NODE) {
          nsNodePtr = xmlDocGetRootElement((xmlDocPtr) xmlNode_);
        }

        // step through the namespaces, if any, and register each with the
        // xpath context
        if (nsNodePtr != NULL) {
          for (xmlNsPtr nsPtr = nsNodePtr->ns; nsPtr != NULL; nsPtr = nsPtr->next) {

            // default namespace is nil in the tree, but there's no way to
            // register a default namespace, so we'll register a fake one,
            // _def_ns
            const xmlChar* prefix = nsPtr->prefix;
            if (prefix == NULL) {
              prefix = (xmlChar*) kGDataXMLXPathDefaultNamespacePrefix;
            }

            int result = xmlXPathRegisterNs(xpathCtx, prefix, nsPtr->href);
            if (result != 0) {
#if DEBUG
              NSCAssert1(result == 0, @"GDataXMLNode XPath namespace %@ issue",
                        prefix);
#endif
            }
          }
        }
      }

      // now evaluate the path
      xmlXPathObjectPtr xpathObj;
      xpathObj = xmlXPathEval(GDataGetXMLString(xpath), xpathCtx);
      if (xpathObj) {

        // we have some result from the search
        array = [NSMutableArray array];

        xmlNodeSetPtr nodeSet = xpathObj->nodesetval;
        if (nodeSet) {

          // add each node in the result set to our array
          for (int index = 0; index < nodeSet->nodeNr; index++) {

            xmlNodePtr currNode = nodeSet->nodeTab[index];

            GDataXMLNode *node = [GDataXMLNode nodeBorrowingXMLNode:currNode];
            if (node) {
              [array addObject:node];
            }
          }
        }
        xmlXPathFreeObject(xpathObj);
      } else {
        // provide an error for failed evaluation
        const char *msg = xpathCtx->lastError.str1;
        errorCode = xpathCtx->lastError.code;
        if (msg) {
          NSString *errStr = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:msg];
          errorInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:errStr
                                                  forKey:@"error"];
        }
      }

      xmlXPathFreeContext(xpathCtx);
    }
  } else {
    // not a valid node for using XPath
    errorInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"invalid node"
                                            forKey:@"error"];
  }

  if (array == nil && error != nil) {
    *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"com.google.GDataXML"
                                 code:errorCode
                             userInfo:errorInfo];
  }

  if (tempDoc != NULL) {
    xmlUnlinkNode(topParent);
    xmlSetTreeDoc(topParent, NULL);
    xmlFreeDoc(tempDoc);
  }
  return array;
}

- (NSString *)description {
  int nodeType = (xmlNode_ ? (int)xmlNode_->type : -1);

  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %p: {type:%d name:%@ xml:\"%@\"}",
          [self class], self, nodeType, [self name], [self XMLString]];
}

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {

  xmlNodePtr nodeCopy = [self XMLNodeCopy];

  if (nodeCopy != NULL) {
    return [[[self class] alloc] initConsumingXMLNode:nodeCopy];
  }
  return nil;
}

- (BOOL)isEqual:(GDataXMLNode *)other {
  if (self == other) return YES;
  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GDataXMLNode class]]) return NO;

  return [self XMLNode] == [other XMLNode]
  || ([self kind] == [other kind]
      && AreEqualOrBothNilPrivate([self name], [other name])
      && [[self children] count] == [[other children] count]);

}

- (NSUInteger)hash {
  return (NSUInteger) (void *) [GDataXMLNode class];
}

- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)selector {
  return [super methodSignatureForSelector:selector];
}

#pragma mark -

- (xmlNodePtr)XMLNodeCopy {
  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    // Note: libxml will create a new copy of namespace nodes (xmlNs records)
    // and attach them to this copy in order to keep namespaces within this
    // node subtree copy value.

    xmlNodePtr nodeCopy = xmlCopyNode(xmlNode_, 1); // 1 = recursive
    return nodeCopy;
  }
  return NULL;
}

- (xmlNodePtr)XMLNode {
  return xmlNode_;
}

- (BOOL)shouldFreeXMLNode {
  return shouldFreeXMLNode_;
}

- (void)setShouldFreeXMLNode:(BOOL)flag {
  shouldFreeXMLNode_ = flag;
}

@end



@implementation GDataXMLElement

- (id)initWithXMLString:(NSString *)str error:(NSError **)error {
  self = [super init];
  if (self) {

    const char *utf8Str = [str UTF8String];
    // NOTE: We are assuming a string length that fits into an int
    xmlDocPtr doc = xmlReadMemory(utf8Str, (int)strlen(utf8Str), NULL, // URL
                                  NULL, // encoding
                                  kGDataXMLParseOptions);
    if (doc == NULL) {
      if (error) {
        // TODO(grobbins) use xmlSetGenericErrorFunc to capture error
      }
    } else {
      // copy the root node from the doc
      xmlNodePtr root = xmlDocGetRootElement(doc);
      if (root) {
        xmlNode_ = xmlCopyNode(root, 1); // 1: recursive
        shouldFreeXMLNode_ = YES;
      }
      xmlFreeDoc(doc);
    }


    if (xmlNode_ == NULL) {
      // failure
      if (error) {
        *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"com.google.GDataXML"
                                     code:-1
                                 userInfo:nil];
      }
      [self release];
      return nil;
    }
  }
  return self;
}

- (NSArray *)namespaces {

  NSMutableArray *array = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL && xmlNode_->nsDef != NULL) {

    xmlNsPtr currNS = xmlNode_->nsDef;
    while (currNS != NULL) {

      // add this prefix/URI to the list, unless it's the implicit xml prefix
      if (!xmlStrEqual(currNS->prefix, (const xmlChar *) "xml")) {
        GDataXMLNode *node = [GDataXMLNode nodeBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr) currNS];

        if (array == nil) {
          array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:node];
        } else {
          [array addObject:node];
        }
      }

      currNS = currNS->next;
    }
  }
  return array;
}

- (void)setNamespaces:(NSArray *)namespaces {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    [self releaseCachedValues];

    // remove previous namespaces
    if (xmlNode_->nsDef) {
      xmlFreeNsList(xmlNode_->nsDef);
      xmlNode_->nsDef = NULL;
    }

    // add a namespace for each object in the array
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [namespaces objectEnumerator];
    GDataXMLNode *namespaceNode;
    while ((namespaceNode = [enumerator nextObject]) != nil) {

      xmlNsPtr ns = (xmlNsPtr) [namespaceNode XMLNode];
      if (ns) {
        (void)xmlNewNs(xmlNode_, ns->href, ns->prefix);
      }
    }

    // we may need to fix this node's own name; the graft point is where
    // the namespace search starts, so that points to this node too
    [[self class] fixUpNamespacesForNode:xmlNode_
                      graftingToTreeNode:xmlNode_];
  }
}

- (void)addNamespace:(GDataXMLNode *)aNamespace {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    [self releaseCachedValues];

    xmlNsPtr ns = (xmlNsPtr) [aNamespace XMLNode];
    if (ns) {
      (void)xmlNewNs(xmlNode_, ns->href, ns->prefix);

      // we may need to fix this node's own name; the graft point is where
      // the namespace search starts, so that points to this node too
      [[self class] fixUpNamespacesForNode:xmlNode_
                        graftingToTreeNode:xmlNode_];
    }
  }
}

- (void)addChild:(GDataXMLNode *)child {
  if ([child kind] == GDataXMLAttributeKind) {
    [self addAttribute:child];
    return;
  }

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    [self releaseCachedValues];

    xmlNodePtr childNodeCopy = [child XMLNodeCopy];
    if (childNodeCopy) {

      xmlNodePtr resultNode = xmlAddChild(xmlNode_, childNodeCopy);
      if (resultNode == NULL) {

        // failed to add
        xmlFreeNode(childNodeCopy);

      } else {
        // added this child subtree successfully; see if it has
        // previously-unresolved namespace prefixes that can now be fixed up
        [[self class] fixUpNamespacesForNode:childNodeCopy
                          graftingToTreeNode:xmlNode_];
      }
    }
  }
}

- (void)removeChild:(GDataXMLNode *)child {
  // this is safe for attributes too
  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    [self releaseCachedValues];

    xmlNodePtr node = [child XMLNode];

    xmlUnlinkNode(node);

    // if the child node was borrowing its xmlNodePtr, then we need to
    // explicitly free it, since there is probably no owning object that will
    // free it on dealloc
    if (![child shouldFreeXMLNode]) {
      xmlFreeNode(node);
    }
  }
}

- (NSArray *)elementsForName:(NSString *)name {

  NSString *desiredName = name;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    NSString *prefix = [[self class] prefixForName:desiredName];
    if (prefix) {

      xmlChar* desiredPrefix = GDataGetXMLString(prefix);

      xmlNsPtr foundNS = xmlSearchNs(xmlNode_->doc, xmlNode_, desiredPrefix);
      if (foundNS) {

        // we found a namespace; fall back on elementsForLocalName:URI:
        // to get the elements
        NSString *desiredURI = [self stringFromXMLString:(foundNS->href)];
        NSString *localName = [[self class] localNameForName:desiredName];

        NSArray *nsArray = [self elementsForLocalName:localName URI:desiredURI];
        return nsArray;
      }
    }

    // no namespace found for the node's prefix; try an exact match
    // for the name argument, including any prefix
    NSMutableArray *array = nil;

    // walk our list of cached child nodes
    NSArray *children = [self children];

    for (GDataXMLNode *child in children) {

      xmlNodePtr currNode = [child XMLNode];

      // find all children which are elements with the desired name
      if (currNode->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {

        NSString *qName = [child name];
        if ([qName isEqual:name]) {

          if (array == nil) {
            array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:child];
          } else {
            [array addObject:child];
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return array;
  }
  return nil;
}

- (NSArray *)elementsForLocalName:(NSString *)localName URI:(NSString *)URI {

  NSMutableArray *array = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL && xmlNode_->children != NULL) {

    xmlChar* desiredNSHref = GDataGetXMLString(URI);
    xmlChar* requestedLocalName = GDataGetXMLString(localName);
    xmlChar* expectedLocalName = requestedLocalName;

    // resolve the URI at the parent level, since usually children won't
    // have their own namespace definitions, and we don't want to try to
    // resolve it once for every child
    xmlNsPtr foundParentNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(xmlNode_->doc, xmlNode_, desiredNSHref);
    if (foundParentNS == NULL) {
      NSString *fakeQName = GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(URI, localName);
      expectedLocalName = GDataGetXMLString(fakeQName);
    }

    NSArray *children = [self children];

    for (GDataXMLNode *child in children) {

      xmlNodePtr currChildPtr = [child XMLNode];

      // find all children which are elements with the desired name and
      // namespace, or with the prefixed name and a null namespace
      if (currChildPtr->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {

        // normally, we can assume the resolution done for the parent will apply
        // to the child, as most children do not define their own namespaces
        xmlNsPtr childLocalNS = foundParentNS;
        xmlChar* childDesiredLocalName = expectedLocalName;

        if (currChildPtr->nsDef != NULL) {
          // this child has its own namespace definitons; do a fresh resolve
          // of the namespace starting from the child, and see if it differs
          // from the resolve done starting from the parent.  If the resolve
          // finds a different namespace, then override the desired local
          // name just for this child.
          childLocalNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(xmlNode_->doc, currChildPtr, desiredNSHref);
          if (childLocalNS != foundParentNS) {

            // this child does indeed have a different namespace resolution
            // result than was found for its parent
            if (childLocalNS == NULL) {
              // no namespace found
              NSString *fakeQName = GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(URI, localName);
              childDesiredLocalName = GDataGetXMLString(fakeQName);
            } else {
              // a namespace was found; use the original local name requested,
              // not a faked one expected from resolving the parent
              childDesiredLocalName = requestedLocalName;
            }
          }
        }

        // check if this child's namespace and local name are what we're
        // seeking
        if (currChildPtr->ns == childLocalNS
            && currChildPtr->name != NULL
            && xmlStrEqual(currChildPtr->name, childDesiredLocalName)) {

          if (array == nil) {
            array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:child];
          } else {
            [array addObject:child];
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // we return nil, not an empty array, according to docs
  }
  return array;
}

- (NSArray *)attributes {

  if (cachedAttributes_ != nil) {
    return cachedAttributes_;
  }

  NSMutableArray *array = nil;

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL && xmlNode_->properties != NULL) {

    xmlAttrPtr prop = xmlNode_->properties;
    while (prop != NULL) {

      GDataXMLNode *node = [GDataXMLNode nodeBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr) prop];
      if (array == nil) {
        array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:node];
      } else {
        [array addObject:node];
      }

      prop = prop->next;
    }

    cachedAttributes_ = [array retain];
  }
  return array;
}

- (void)addAttribute:(GDataXMLNode *)attribute {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    [self releaseCachedValues];

    xmlAttrPtr attrPtr = (xmlAttrPtr) [attribute XMLNode];
    if (attrPtr) {

      // ignore this if an attribute with the name is already present,
      // similar to NSXMLNode's addAttribute
      xmlAttrPtr oldAttr;

      if (attrPtr->ns == NULL) {
        oldAttr = xmlHasProp(xmlNode_, attrPtr->name);
      } else {
        oldAttr = xmlHasNsProp(xmlNode_, attrPtr->name, attrPtr->ns->href);
      }

      if (oldAttr == NULL) {

        xmlNsPtr newPropNS = NULL;

        // if this attribute has a namespace, search for a matching namespace
        // on the node we're adding to
        if (attrPtr->ns != NULL) {

          newPropNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(xmlNode_->doc, xmlNode_, attrPtr->ns->href);
          if (newPropNS == NULL) {
            // make a new namespace on the parent node, and use that for the
            // new attribute
            newPropNS = xmlNewNs(xmlNode_, attrPtr->ns->href, attrPtr->ns->prefix);
          }
        }

        // copy the attribute onto this node
        xmlChar *value = xmlNodeGetContent((xmlNodePtr) attrPtr);
        xmlAttrPtr newProp = xmlNewNsProp(xmlNode_, newPropNS, attrPtr->name, value);
        if (newProp != NULL) {
          // we made the property, so clean up the property's namespace

          [[self class] fixUpNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)newProp
                            graftingToTreeNode:xmlNode_];
        }

        if (value != NULL) {
          xmlFree(value);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

- (GDataXMLNode *)attributeForXMLNode:(xmlAttrPtr)theXMLNode {
  // search the cached attributes list for the GDataXMLNode with
  // the underlying xmlAttrPtr
  NSArray *attributes = [self attributes];

  for (GDataXMLNode *attr in attributes) {

    if (theXMLNode == (xmlAttrPtr) [attr XMLNode]) {
      return attr;
    }
  }

  return nil;
}

- (GDataXMLNode *)attributeForName:(NSString *)name {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    xmlAttrPtr attrPtr = xmlHasProp(xmlNode_, GDataGetXMLString(name));
    if (attrPtr == NULL) {

      // can we guarantee that xmlAttrPtrs always have the ns ptr and never
      // a namespace as part of the actual attribute name?

      // split the name and its prefix, if any
      xmlNsPtr ns = NULL;
      NSString *prefix = [[self class] prefixForName:name];
      if (prefix) {

        // find the namespace for this prefix, and search on its URI to find
        // the xmlNsPtr
        name = [[self class] localNameForName:name];
        ns = xmlSearchNs(xmlNode_->doc, xmlNode_, GDataGetXMLString(prefix));
      }

      const xmlChar* nsURI = ((ns != NULL) ? ns->href : NULL);
      attrPtr = xmlHasNsProp(xmlNode_, GDataGetXMLString(name), nsURI);
    }

    if (attrPtr) {
      GDataXMLNode *attr = [self attributeForXMLNode:attrPtr];
      return attr;
    }
  }
  return nil;
}

- (GDataXMLNode *)attributeForLocalName:(NSString *)localName
                                    URI:(NSString *)attributeURI {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    const xmlChar* name = GDataGetXMLString(localName);
    const xmlChar* nsURI = GDataGetXMLString(attributeURI);

    xmlAttrPtr attrPtr = xmlHasNsProp(xmlNode_, name, nsURI);

    if (attrPtr == NULL) {
      // if the attribute is in a tree lacking the proper namespace,
      // the local name may include the full URI as a prefix
      NSString *fakeQName = GDataFakeQNameForURIAndName(attributeURI, localName);
      const xmlChar* xmlFakeQName = GDataGetXMLString(fakeQName);

      attrPtr = xmlHasProp(xmlNode_, xmlFakeQName);
    }

    if (attrPtr) {
      GDataXMLNode *attr = [self attributeForXMLNode:attrPtr];
      return attr;
    }
  }
  return nil;
}

- (NSString *)resolvePrefixForNamespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI {

  if (xmlNode_ != NULL) {

    xmlChar* desiredNSHref = GDataGetXMLString(namespaceURI);

    xmlNsPtr foundNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(xmlNode_->doc, xmlNode_, desiredNSHref);
    if (foundNS) {

      // we found the namespace
      if (foundNS->prefix != NULL) {
        NSString *prefix = [self stringFromXMLString:(foundNS->prefix)];
        return prefix;
      } else {
        // empty prefix is default namespace
        return @"";
      }
    }
  }
  return nil;
}

#pragma mark Namespace fixup routines

+ (void)deleteNamespacePtr:(xmlNsPtr)namespaceToDelete
               fromXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)node {

  // utilty routine to remove a namespace pointer from an element's
  // namespace definition list.  This is just removing the nsPtr
  // from the singly-linked list, the node's namespace definitions.
  xmlNsPtr currNS = node->nsDef;
  xmlNsPtr prevNS = NULL;

  while (currNS != NULL) {
    xmlNsPtr nextNS = currNS->next;

    if (namespaceToDelete == currNS) {

      // found it; delete it from the head of the node's ns definition list
      // or from the next field of the previous namespace

      if (prevNS != NULL) prevNS->next = nextNS;
      else node->nsDef = nextNS;

      xmlFreeNs(currNS);
      return;
    }
    prevNS = currNS;
    currNS = nextNS;
  }
}

+ (void)fixQualifiedNamesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)nodeToFix
              graftingToTreeNode:(xmlNodePtr)graftPointNode {

  // Replace prefix-in-name with proper namespace pointers
  //
  // This is an inner routine for fixUpNamespacesForNode:
  //
  // see if this node's name lacks a namespace and is qualified, and if so,
  // see if we can resolve the prefix against the parent
  //
  // The prefix may either be normal, "gd:foo", or a URI
  // "{http://blah.com/}:foo"

  if (nodeToFix->ns == NULL) {
    xmlNsPtr foundNS = NULL;

    xmlChar* prefix = NULL;
    xmlChar* localName = SplitQNameReverse(nodeToFix->name, &prefix);
    if (localName != NULL) {
      if (prefix != NULL) {

        // if the prefix is wrapped by { and } then it's a URI
        int prefixLen = xmlStrlen(prefix);
        if (prefixLen > 2
            && prefix[0] == '{'
            && prefix[prefixLen - 1] == '}') {

          // search for the namespace by URI
          xmlChar* uri = xmlStrsub(prefix, 1, prefixLen - 2);

          if (uri != NULL) {
            foundNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(graftPointNode->doc, graftPointNode, uri);

            xmlFree(uri);
          }
        }
      }

      if (foundNS == NULL) {
        // search for the namespace by prefix, even if the prefix is nil
        // (nil prefix means to search for the default namespace)
        foundNS = xmlSearchNs(graftPointNode->doc, graftPointNode, prefix);
      }

      if (foundNS != NULL) {
        // we found a namespace, so fix the ns pointer and the local name
        xmlSetNs(nodeToFix, foundNS);
        xmlNodeSetName(nodeToFix, localName);
      }

      if (prefix != NULL) {
        xmlFree(prefix);
        prefix = NULL;
      }

      xmlFree(localName);
    }
  }
}

+ (void)fixDuplicateNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)nodeToFix
                   graftingToTreeNode:(xmlNodePtr)graftPointNode
             namespaceSubstitutionMap:(NSMutableDictionary *)nsMap {

  // Duplicate namespace removal
  //
  // This is an inner routine for fixUpNamespacesForNode:
  //
  // If any of this node's namespaces are already defined at the graft point
  // level, add that namespace to the map of namespace substitutions
  // so it will be replaced in the children below the nodeToFix, and
  // delete the namespace record

  if (nodeToFix->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {

    // step through the namespaces defined on this node
    xmlNsPtr definedNS = nodeToFix->nsDef;
    while (definedNS != NULL) {

      // see if this namespace is already defined higher in the tree,
      // with both the same URI and the same prefix; if so, add a mapping for
      // it
      xmlNsPtr foundNS = xmlSearchNsByHref(graftPointNode->doc, graftPointNode,
                                           definedNS->href);
      if (foundNS != NULL
          && foundNS != definedNS
          && xmlStrEqual(definedNS->prefix, foundNS->prefix)) {

        // store a mapping from this defined nsPtr to the one found higher
        // in the tree
        [nsMap setObject:[NSValue valueWithPointer:foundNS]
                  forKey:[NSValue valueWithPointer:definedNS]];

        // remove this namespace from the ns definition list of this node;
        // all child elements and attributes referencing this namespace
        // now have a dangling pointer and must be updated (that is done later
        // in this method)
        //
        // before we delete this namespace, move our pointer to the
        // next one
        xmlNsPtr nsToDelete = definedNS;
        definedNS = definedNS->next;

        [self deleteNamespacePtr:nsToDelete fromXMLNode:nodeToFix];

      } else {
        // this namespace wasn't a duplicate; move to the next
        definedNS = definedNS->next;
      }
    }
  }

  // if this node's namespace is one we deleted, update it to point
  // to someplace better
  if (nodeToFix->ns != NULL) {

    NSValue *currNS = [NSValue valueWithPointer:nodeToFix->ns];
    NSValue *replacementNS = [nsMap objectForKey:currNS];

    if (replacementNS != nil) {
      xmlNsPtr replaceNSPtr = (xmlNsPtr)[replacementNS pointerValue];

      xmlSetNs(nodeToFix, replaceNSPtr);
    }
  }
}



+ (void)fixUpNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)nodeToFix
            graftingToTreeNode:(xmlNodePtr)graftPointNode
      namespaceSubstitutionMap:(NSMutableDictionary *)nsMap {

  // This is the inner routine for fixUpNamespacesForNode:graftingToTreeNode:
  //
  // This routine fixes two issues:
  //
  // Because we can create nodes with qualified names before adding
  // them to the tree that declares the namespace for the prefix,
  // we need to set the node namespaces after adding them to the tree.
  //
  // Because libxml adds namespaces to nodes when it copies them,
  // we want to remove redundant namespaces after adding them to
  // a tree.
  //
  // If only the Mac's libxml had xmlDOMWrapReconcileNamespaces, it could do
  // namespace cleanup for us

  // We only care about fixing names of elements and attributes
  if (nodeToFix->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE
      && nodeToFix->type != XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE) return;

  // Do the fixes
  [self fixQualifiedNamesForNode:nodeToFix
              graftingToTreeNode:graftPointNode];

  [self fixDuplicateNamespacesForNode:nodeToFix
                   graftingToTreeNode:graftPointNode
             namespaceSubstitutionMap:nsMap];

  if (nodeToFix->type == XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {

    // when fixing element nodes, recurse for each child element and
    // for each attribute
    xmlNodePtr currChild = nodeToFix->children;
    while (currChild != NULL) {
      [self fixUpNamespacesForNode:currChild
                graftingToTreeNode:graftPointNode
          namespaceSubstitutionMap:nsMap];
      currChild = currChild->next;
    }

    xmlAttrPtr currProp = nodeToFix->properties;
    while (currProp != NULL) {
      [self fixUpNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)currProp
                graftingToTreeNode:graftPointNode
          namespaceSubstitutionMap:nsMap];
      currProp = currProp->next;
    }
  }
}

+ (void)fixUpNamespacesForNode:(xmlNodePtr)nodeToFix
            graftingToTreeNode:(xmlNodePtr)graftPointNode {

  // allocate the namespace map that will be passed
  // down on recursive calls
  NSMutableDictionary *nsMap = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

  [self fixUpNamespacesForNode:nodeToFix
            graftingToTreeNode:graftPointNode
      namespaceSubstitutionMap:nsMap];
}

@end


@interface GDataXMLDocument (PrivateMethods)
- (void)addStringsCacheToDoc;
@end

@implementation GDataXMLDocument

- (id)initWithXMLString:(NSString *)str options:(unsigned int)mask error:(NSError **)error {

  NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  GDataXMLDocument *doc = [self initWithData:data options:mask error:error];
  return doc;
}

- (id)initWithData:(NSData *)data options:(unsigned int)mask error:(NSError **)error {

  self = [super init];
  if (self) {

    const char *baseURL = NULL;
    const char *encoding = NULL;

    // NOTE: We are assuming [data length] fits into an int.
    xmlDoc_ = xmlReadMemory((const char*)[data bytes], (int)[data length], baseURL, encoding,
                            kGDataXMLParseOptions); // TODO(grobbins) map option values
    if (xmlDoc_ == NULL) {
      if (error) {
       *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"com.google.GDataXML"
                                    code:-1
                                userInfo:nil];
        // TODO(grobbins) use xmlSetGenericErrorFunc to capture error
      }
      [self release];
      return nil;
    } else {
      if (error) *error = NULL;

      [self addStringsCacheToDoc];
    }
  }

  return self;
}

- (id)initWithRootElement:(GDataXMLElement *)element {

  self = [super init];
  if (self) {

    xmlDoc_ = xmlNewDoc(NULL);

    (void) xmlDocSetRootElement(xmlDoc_, [element XMLNodeCopy]);

    [self addStringsCacheToDoc];
  }

  return self;
}

- (void)addStringsCacheToDoc {
  // utility routine for init methods

#if DEBUG
  NSCAssert(xmlDoc_ != NULL && xmlDoc_->_private == NULL,
            @"GDataXMLDocument cache creation problem");
#endif

  // add a strings cache as private data for the document
  //
  // we'll use plain C pointers (xmlChar*) as the keys, and NSStrings
  // as the values
  CFIndex capacity = 0; // no limit

  CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks keyCallBacks = {
    0, // version
    StringCacheKeyRetainCallBack,
    StringCacheKeyReleaseCallBack,
    StringCacheKeyCopyDescriptionCallBack,
    StringCacheKeyEqualCallBack,
    StringCacheKeyHashCallBack
  };

  CFMutableDictionaryRef dict = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(
    kCFAllocatorDefault, capacity,
    &keyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);

  // we'll use the user-defined _private field for our cache
  xmlDoc_->_private = dict;
}

- (NSString *)description {
  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %p", [self class], self];
}

- (void)dealloc {
  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    // release the strings cache
    //
    // since it's a CF object, were anyone to use this in a GC environment,
    // this would need to be released in a finalize method, too
    if (xmlDoc_->_private != NULL) {
      CFRelease(xmlDoc_->_private);
    }

    xmlFreeDoc(xmlDoc_);
  }
  [super dealloc];
}

#pragma mark -

- (GDataXMLElement *)rootElement {
  GDataXMLElement *element = nil;

  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    xmlNodePtr rootNode = xmlDocGetRootElement(xmlDoc_);
    if (rootNode) {
      element = [GDataXMLElement nodeBorrowingXMLNode:rootNode];
    }
  }
  return element;
}

- (NSData *)XMLData {

  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    xmlChar *buffer = NULL;
    int bufferSize = 0;

    xmlDocDumpMemory(xmlDoc_, &buffer, &bufferSize);

    if (buffer) {
      NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:buffer
                                    length:bufferSize];
      xmlFree(buffer);
      return data;
    }
  }
  return nil;
}

- (void)setVersion:(NSString *)version {

  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    if (xmlDoc_->version != NULL) {
      // version is a const char* so we must cast
      xmlFree((char *) xmlDoc_->version);
      xmlDoc_->version = NULL;
    }

    if (version != nil) {
      xmlDoc_->version = xmlStrdup(GDataGetXMLString(version));
    }
  }
}

- (void)setCharacterEncoding:(NSString *)encoding {

  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    if (xmlDoc_->encoding != NULL) {
      // version is a const char* so we must cast
      xmlFree((char *) xmlDoc_->encoding);
      xmlDoc_->encoding = NULL;
    }

    if (encoding != nil) {
      xmlDoc_->encoding = xmlStrdup(GDataGetXMLString(encoding));
    }
  }
}

- (NSArray *)nodesForXPath:(NSString *)xpath error:(NSError **)error {
  return [self nodesForXPath:xpath namespaces:nil error:error];
}

- (NSArray *)nodesForXPath:(NSString *)xpath
                namespaces:(NSDictionary *)namespaces
                     error:(NSError **)error {
  if (xmlDoc_ != NULL) {
    GDataXMLNode *docNode = [GDataXMLElement nodeBorrowingXMLNode:(xmlNodePtr)xmlDoc_];
    NSArray *array = [docNode nodesForXPath:xpath
                                 namespaces:namespaces
                                      error:error];
    return array;
  }
  return nil;
}

@end

//
// Dictionary key callbacks for our C-string to NSString cache dictionary
//
static const void *StringCacheKeyRetainCallBack(CFAllocatorRef allocator, const void *str) {
  // copy the key
  xmlChar* key = xmlStrdup(str);
  return key;
}

static void StringCacheKeyReleaseCallBack(CFAllocatorRef allocator, const void *str) {
  // free the key
  char *chars = (char *)str;
  xmlFree((char *) chars);
}

static CFStringRef StringCacheKeyCopyDescriptionCallBack(const void *str) {
  // make a CFString from the key
  CFStringRef cfStr = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault,
                                                (const char *)str,
                                                kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
  return cfStr;
}

static Boolean StringCacheKeyEqualCallBack(const void *str1, const void *str2) {
  // compare the key strings
  if (str1 == str2) return true;

  int result = xmlStrcmp(str1, str2);
  return (result == 0);
}

static CFHashCode StringCacheKeyHashCallBack(const void *str) {

  // dhb hash, per http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html
  CFHashCode hash = 5381;
  int c;
  const char *chars = (const char *)str;

  while ((c = *chars++) != 0) {
    hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c;
  }
  return hash;
}