Add post:create custom user on mongo docker init

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_posts/2023-08-28-create-custom-user-on-mongodb-docker-init.md

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+---
+layout: post
+title: Create custom user & db on MongoDB docker init
+date: 2023-08-28 13:35 +0630
+tags: MongoDB Docker
+image: http://s3.amazonaws.com/info-mongodb-com/_com_assets/cms/kuzt9r42or1fxvlq2-Meta_Generic.png
+---
+
+Everytime I create a new mongodb docker container, it's always a pain to create a new user and grant it the necessary permissions. 
+I have to login to the container, open the mongo shell and run the commands to create the user and grant permissions.
+Damn! that is a lot of work. Actually, MongoDB has a way to do this automatically when the container is created.
+
+#### Why do we need to create a new user?
+
+By default, MongoDB creates a root user and grants it all the permissions.
+This is not a good practice. We should create a new user and grant it only the necessary permissions to prevent 
+any accidental changes to the database.
+
+<figure>
+    <img width="320" style="margin: 12px 0;" src="/assets/images/posts/delete-database-meme.jpg" alt="delete-database-meme"/>
+</figure>   
+
+
+### Database Initialization Scripts
+
+The `mongo` container has a mechanism to run scripts when the container is created.
+You can mount a directory containing the scripts to `/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d` directory in the container.
+
+Let's create `.env` file to store the environment variables.
+
+```env
+MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=admin
+MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=adminPassword
+
+MONGO_INITDB_USERNAME=customUser
+MONGO_INITDB_PASSWORD=customPassword
+MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE=mydb
+```
+
+Now create a shell script `mongo-init.sh` to create the user and grant permissions.
+
+```sh
+mongosh -- "$MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE" <<EOF
+    var rootUser = '$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME';
+    var rootPassword = '$MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD';
+    var admin = db.getSiblingDB('admin');
+    admin.auth(rootUser, rootPassword);
+
+    var user = '$MONGO_INITDB_USERNAME';
+    var passwd = '$MONGO_INITDB_PASSWORD';
+    var database = '$MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE';
+    db.createUser({user: user, pwd: passwd, roles:[{ role: "readWrite", db: database }]});
+EOF
+```
+
+> If you are using older version of MongoDB use `mongo` instead of `mongosh` in the above script.
+
+Link  `mongo-init.sh`  file to  */docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*  in mongoDB container.
+So if mongo container is created for the first time our script will run and create dbAdmin and database.
+
+eg. link in volume  *./mongo-init.sh:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/mongo-init.sh:ro*
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+services:
+  mongoDB:
+    image: mongo
+    container_name: mongoDB
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "27017:27017"
+    volumes:
+      # Link shell script with docker-entrypoint to run on init
+      - ./mongo-init.sh:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/mongo-init.sh:ro
+    env_file: .env
+```
+
+Now when you run `docker-compose up -d` the script will run and create the user and grant permissions.