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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook</title>
<meta name="description" content="The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook combines instructive text with a computational DA laboratory">
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<meta property="og:title" content="The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook combines instructive text with a computational DA laboratory" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="The Open Digital Archaeology Textbook combines instructive text with a computational DA laboratory" />
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<meta name="author" content="Shawn Graham, Neha Gupta, Jolene Smith, Andreas Angourakis, Andrew Reinhard, Michael Carter, & Beth Compton">
<meta name="date" content="2018-07-23">
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<li><a href="./">ODATE</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>notice</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>About the Authors</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#shawn-graham"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Shawn Graham</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#neha-gupta"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Neha Gupta</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#michael-carter"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Michael Carter</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#beth-compton"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Beth Compton</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#jolene-smith"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Jolene Smith</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#andreas-angourakis"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Andreas Angourakis</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="0.0.1" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#andrew-reinhard"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>0.0.1</b> Andrew Reinhard</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="about-the-authors.html"><a href="about-the-authors.html#editorial-board"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Editorial Board</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="getting-started.html"><a href="getting-started.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Getting Started</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="students-how-to-use-this-text.html"><a href="students-how-to-use-this-text.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Students: How to use this text</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="how-to-contribute-changes-or-make-your-own-version.html"><a href="how-to-contribute-changes-or-make-your-own-version.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>How to contribute changes, or make your own version</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="how-to-access-and-use-the-computational-environment.html"><a href="how-to-access-and-use-the-computational-environment.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>How to access and use the computational environment</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="colophon.html"><a href="colophon.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Colophon</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="welcome.html"><a href="welcome.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Welcome!</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="going-digital.html"><a href="going-digital.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Going Digital</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1</b> So what is Digital Archaeology?</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.1" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#a-distant-view"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.1</b> A distant view</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.2" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#is-digital-archaeology-part-of-the-digital-humanities"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.2</b> Is digital archaeology part of the digital humanities?</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.3" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#archaeological-glitch-art"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.3</b> Archaeological Glitch Art</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.4" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#the-cool-factor"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.4</b> The ‘cool’ factor</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.5" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#takeaways"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.5</b> Takeaways</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1.6" data-path="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="so-what-is-digital-archaeology.html#exercises"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1.6</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2" data-path="project-management-basics.html"><a href="project-management-basics.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2</b> Project Management Basics</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2.1" data-path="project-management-basics.html"><a href="project-management-basics.html#take-aways"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2.1</b> Take-aways</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2.2" data-path="project-management-basics.html"><a href="project-management-basics.html#exercises-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3</b> Github & Version Control</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.1" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#the-core-functions-of-git"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.1</b> The core functions of Git</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.2" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#key-terms"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.2</b> Key Terms</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.3" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#take-aways-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.3</b> Take-aways</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.4" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#further-reading"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.4</b> Further Reading</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.5" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#exercises-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3.6" data-path="github-version-control.html"><a href="github-version-control.html#warnings"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3.6</b> Warnings</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4</b> Open Notebook Research & Scholarly Communication</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.1" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#how-to-ask-questions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.1</b> How to Ask Questions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.2" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#discussion"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.2</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.3" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#take-aways-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.3</b> Take-aways</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.4" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#further-reading-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.4</b> Further Reading</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.5" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#on-privilege-and-open-notebooks"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.5</b> On Privilege and Open Notebooks</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4.6" data-path="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html"><a href="open-notebook-research-scholarly-communication.html#exercises-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4.6</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5" data-path="failing-productively.html"><a href="failing-productively.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5</b> Failing Productively</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5.1" data-path="failing-productively.html"><a href="failing-productively.html#a-taxonomy-of-fails"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5.1</b> A taxonomy of fails</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.5.2" data-path="failing-productively.html"><a href="failing-productively.html#exercises-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.5.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6" data-path="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html"><a href="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6</b> The Ethics of Big Data in Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6.1" data-path="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html"><a href="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html#discussion-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.6.2" data-path="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html"><a href="the-ethics-of-big-data-in-archaeology.html#exercises-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.6.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="making-data-useful.html"><a href="making-data-useful.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Making Data Useful</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="designing-data-collection.html"><a href="designing-data-collection.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> Designing Data Collection</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.1" data-path="designing-data-collection.html"><a href="designing-data-collection.html#discussion-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1.2" data-path="designing-data-collection.html"><a href="designing-data-collection.html#exercises-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="cleaning-data.html"><a href="cleaning-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> Cleaning Data</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.1" data-path="cleaning-data.html"><a href="cleaning-data.html#discussion-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2.2" data-path="cleaning-data.html"><a href="cleaning-data.html#exercises-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3" data-path="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html"><a href="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3</b> Arranging and Storing Data for the Long Haul (Databases!)</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.1" data-path="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html"><a href="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html#discussion-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3.2" data-path="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html"><a href="arranging-and-storing-data-for-the-long-haul-databases.html#exercises-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4" data-path="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html"><a href="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4</b> Linked Open Data and Data Publishing</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4.1" data-path="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html"><a href="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html#discussion-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4.2" data-path="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html"><a href="linked-open-data-and-data-publishing.html#exercises-9"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5" data-path="using-application-programming-interfaces-apis-to-retrieve-data.html"><a href="using-application-programming-interfaces-apis-to-retrieve-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5</b> Using Application Programming Interfaces (APIS) to Retrieve Data</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5.1" data-path="using-application-programming-interfaces-apis-to-retrieve-data.html"><a href="using-application-programming-interfaces-apis-to-retrieve-data.html#exercises-10"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5.1</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="finding-and-communicating-the-compelling-story.html"><a href="finding-and-communicating-the-compelling-story.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> Finding and Communicating the Compelling Story</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html"><a href="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Statistical Computing with R and Python Notebooks; Reproducible code</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html"><a href="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html#discussion-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html"><a href="statistical-computing-with-r-and-python-notebooks-reproducible-code.html#exercises-11"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="data-driven-documents.html"><a href="data-driven-documents.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Data Driven Documents</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="data-driven-documents.html"><a href="data-driven-documents.html#d3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> D3</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="data-driven-documents.html"><a href="data-driven-documents.html#discussion-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.3" data-path="data-driven-documents.html"><a href="data-driven-documents.html#exercises-12"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.3</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Storytelling and the Archaeological CMS: Omeka, Kora, and Mukurtu</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html#the-content-management-system"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> The Content Management System</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html#omeka"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> Omeka</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.3" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html#kora"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.3</b> Kora</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.4" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html#mukurtu"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.4</b> Mukurtu</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.5" data-path="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html"><a href="storytelling-and-the-archaeological-cms-omeka-kora-and-mukurtu.html#exercises-13"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="what-is-web-mapping.html"><a href="what-is-web-mapping.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> What is Web Mapping?</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="what-is-web-mapping.html"><a href="what-is-web-mapping.html#overview-of-map-services"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> Overview of Map Services</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.2" data-path="what-is-web-mapping.html"><a href="what-is-web-mapping.html#making-a-web-map-with-leaflet"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.2</b> Making a web map with Leaflet</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.3" data-path="what-is-web-mapping.html"><a href="what-is-web-mapping.html#exercises-14"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.3</b> Exercises</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.4" data-path="what-is-web-mapping.html"><a href="what-is-web-mapping.html#resources"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.4</b> Resources</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> Virtual Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.1" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html#theory"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.1</b> Theory</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.2" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html#method"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.2</b> Method</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.3" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html#practice"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.3</b> Practice</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.4" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html#discussion-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.4</b> Discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.5" data-path="virtual-archaeology.html"><a href="virtual-archaeology.html#exercises-15"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6</b> Archaeogaming</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.1" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#archaeological-reception"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.1</b> Archaeological Reception</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.2" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#games-as-archaeology"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.2</b> Games as Archaeology</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.3" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#archaeogaming-projects-past-and-present"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.3</b> Archaeogaming Projects Past and Present</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.4" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#is-archaeogaming-archaeology-a-future-of-the-discipline."><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.4</b> Is Archaeogaming Archaeology? A Future of the Discipline.</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.5" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#exercises-16"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.6" data-path="archaeogaming.html"><a href="archaeogaming.html#further-reading-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.6</b> Further Reading</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7" data-path="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html"><a href="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7</b> Social media as Public Engagement & Scholarly Communication in Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.1" data-path="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html"><a href="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html#discussion-9"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.2" data-path="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html"><a href="social-media-as-public-engagement-scholarly-communication-in-archaeology.html#exercises-17"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="eliding-the-digital-and-the-physical.html"><a href="eliding-the-digital-and-the-physical.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Eliding the Digital and the Physical</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html"><a href="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> 3D Photogrammetry & Structure from Motion</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.1" data-path="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html"><a href="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html#basic-principles"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.1</b> Basic principles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.2" data-path="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html"><a href="d-photogrammetry-structure-from-motion.html#exercises-18"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html"><a href="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> Place-based Interpretation with Locative Augmented Reality</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.1" data-path="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html"><a href="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html#projection-mapping"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.1</b> Projection Mapping</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.2" data-path="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html"><a href="place-based-interpretation-with-locative-augmented-reality.html#exercises-19"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="d-printing-the-internet-of-things-and-maker-archaeology.html"><a href="d-printing-the-internet-of-things-and-maker-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> 3D Printing, the Internet of Things and “Maker” Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="d-printing-the-internet-of-things-and-maker-archaeology.html"><a href="d-printing-the-internet-of-things-and-maker-archaeology.html#d-printing---a-workflow"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> 3d Printing - a Workflow</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="create-a-point-shapefile.html"><a href="create-a-point-shapefile.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> Create a point shapefile</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="create-a-digital-elevation-model.html"><a href="create-a-digital-elevation-model.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> Create a Digital Elevation Model</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6" data-path="create-a-3d-object-stl.html"><a href="create-a-3d-object-stl.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6</b> Create a 3D object (.stl)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7" data-path="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html"><a href="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7</b> Print 3D object or create AR</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7.1" data-path="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html"><a href="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html#discussion-10"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7.2" data-path="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html"><a href="print-3d-object-or-create-ar.html#exercises-20"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.8" data-path="artificial-intelligence-in-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="artificial-intelligence-in-digital-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.8</b> Artificial Intelligence in Digital Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.8.1" data-path="artificial-intelligence-in-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="artificial-intelligence-in-digital-archaeology.html#agent-based-modeling-abm"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.8.1</b> Agent-based modeling (ABM)</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9" data-path="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html"><a href="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9</b> Computer Vision and Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.1" data-path="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html"><a href="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html#convolutional-neural-networks"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.1</b> Convolutional Neural Networks</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.2" data-path="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html"><a href="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html#applications"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.2</b> Applications</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.3" data-path="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html"><a href="computer-vision-and-archaeology.html#exercises-21"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.3</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="digital-archaeologys-place-in-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeologys-place-in-the-world.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> Digital Archaeology’s Place in the World</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="marketing-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="marketing-digital-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> Marketing Digital Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.1" data-path="marketing-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="marketing-digital-archaeology.html#discussion-11"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.2" data-path="marketing-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="marketing-digital-archaeology.html#exercises-22"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.2</b> exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> Sustainability & Power in Digital Archaeology</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.1" data-path="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html#discussion-12"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.1</b> discussion</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.2" data-path="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html"><a href="sustainability-power-in-digital-archaeology.html#exercises-23"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.2</b> exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> Digital Archaeology as Creative Engagement with the World</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.1" data-path="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html#twitterbots-with-tracery"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.1</b> Twitterbots with Tracery</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.2" data-path="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html#chatbots"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.2</b> Chatbots</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.3" data-path="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html#sonification"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.3</b> Sonification</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.4" data-path="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html"><a href="digital-archaeology-as-creative-engagement-with-the-world.html#worldbuilding"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.4</b> Worldbuilding</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="on-the-horizons-where-digital-archaeology-might-go-next.html"><a href="on-the-horizons-where-digital-archaeology-might-go-next.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> On the Horizons: Where Digital Archaeology Might Go Next</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="scraping-data.html"><a href="scraping-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> Scraping Data</a></li>
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<h2><span class="header-section-number">4.4</span> Create a point shapefile</h2>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Collect or ensure that you have a comma-separated file (.csv) with values of x,y,z. This is displayed in a text editor, but it can also be viewed as tabular data.</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="images/joelcsv.png" alt="Comma seperated values" />.</p>
<ol start="2" style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Open QGIS and in the menu, click on Layer > Add Layer > Add delimited text layer… This will allow us to add our .csv file in QGIS</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="images/joelimportcsv.png" alt="Add delimited layer" />.</p>
<p>You should now see some points displayed in QGIS. You’ll notice in the layers panel on the left that there is a point file. This point file is considered to be a vector feature with its geometry represented as a point. If you can’t see the Layers Panel, select in the menu View > Panels > Layers Panel. In the layers Panel, turn the layer on/off by clicking on the box next to it. Keep in mind that this point file is only temporary and should now be saved properly.</p>
<ol start="3" style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li><p>In the Layers Panel, right click on the file and select Save as… and change to the settings as outlined in the screenshot. Ensure that you change the CRS to EPSG 3857 WGS 84 / Pseudo Mercator.</p></li>
<li><p>In the Layers Panel, remove the temporary point file by right clicking on the file and clicking remove. You’ll want to have only the pointfilepseudo in the Layers Panel.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Your data is now viewed in 2D space and represented as points. Each point (x,y) has a z value associated to it, even if we can’t see it. You can view this z value by clicking on identify tool in QGIS and then clicking on a point. The underlying attribute table will appear, indicating the value of x,y and most importantly the z.</p>
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