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Flaugergues

This repository contains digitized records and reconstructed sunspot positions from observations by French astronomer H. Flaugergues in the period 1788–1830.

Destription of the method is presented in the paper Sunspot positions from observations by Flaugergues in the Dalton Minimum

Contents

  • records - files with digitized records, separated by observation schemes
  • utils - source functions for calculation of heliographic coordinates
  • coordinates.csv - reconstructed coordinates for each record
  • sunspots.csv - sunspot positions averaged over multiple records for the day

Data description

coordinates.csv

Column name Description
obs_id Unique id of the record (note the the record can contain several spots)
recorded_time Original start time of the record
sidereal True, if recorded time is sidereal
utc_time Estimated UTC time corresponding to the recorded_time
name Sunspot name
lat Latitude (degrees)
long Carrington longitude (degrees)
cmd Central meridian distance (degrees)
outlier True, if we assume the record is invalid
type Type of measurements: "hv" for horizontal and vertical wires, "ob" for oblique wires, "rh" for rhomboid scheme, "ec" for eclipse
x x-coordinate in the coordinate system aligned with solar motion (see the paper for definition)
y y-coordinate in the coordinate system aligned with solar motion (see the paper for definition)
rising True, if we assume that the record is before noon
l0 Solar L0 angle (degrees) for the time of observation
b0 Solar B0 angle (degrees) for the time of observation
p Solar P angle (degrees) for the time of observation
incl Angle (degrees) between the line of solar motion and the parallel line of the telescope for the time and place of observation
incl_obs Angle (degrees) between the line of solar motion and the parallel line of the telescope derived from the record (if applicable)
incl_diff Calculated absolute difference (in degrees) between inclination of the line of solar motion at the beginning of the observation and at the end of the observation
err Positioning error (degrees, if applicable)
r_sun Solar "radius" measured in time units (seconds)
modified True, if original record was modified to correct possible miswritings
complemented True, if we complemented the original record with additional information that allows reconstruction of coordinates

sunspots.csv

Column name Description
date Date yyyy-mm-dd of observation
name Sunspot name
lat_mean Mean latitude
lat_std Standard deviation for the latitude
long_mean Mean Carrington longitude
long_std Standard deviation for the longitude
cmd_mean Mean central meridian distance
cmd_std Standard deviation for the central meridian distance
n Number of records used in averaging
reliable True, if there are sunspots with similar coordinates before or after this day

For description of the digitized data see the folder records.

Cite

Egor Illarionov, Rainer Arlt, Sunspot positions from observations by Flaugergues in the Dalton Minimum, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023; https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1489

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Sunspot positions from observations by Flaugergues

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