Prisma middleware for soft deleting records.
Soft deleting records is a common pattern in many applications. This library provides middleware for Prisma that allows you to soft delete records and exclude them from queries. It handles deleting records through relations and excluding soft deleted records when including relations or referencing them in where objects. It does this by using the prisma-nested-middleware library to handle nested relations.
- Prisma Middleware Deprecation
- Installation
- Usage
- Behaviour
- LICENSE
Since Prisma middleware is deprecated this library has been ported to an extension: prisma-extension-soft-delete.
While middleware is still supported this library will continue to be maintained, however it is recommended to use the extension instead.
This module is distributed via npm and should be installed as one of your project's dependencies:
npm install --save prisma-soft-delete-middleware
@prisma/client is a peer dependency of this library, so you will need to
install it if you haven't already:
npm install --save @prisma/client
To add soft delete functionality to your Prisma client create the middleware using the createSoftDeleteMiddleware
function and $use it with your client.
The createSoftDeleteMiddleware function takes a config object where you can define the models you want to use soft
delete with.
import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client";
const client = new PrismaClient();
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: true,
},
})
);By default the middleware will use a deleted field of type Boolean on the model. If you want to use a custom field
name or value you can pass a config object for the model. For example to use a deletedAt field where the value is null
by default and a DateTime when the record is deleted you would pass the following:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: {
field: "deletedAt",
createValue: (deleted) => {
if (deleted) return new Date();
return null;
},
},
},
})
);The field property is the name of the field to use for soft delete, and the createValue property is a function that
takes a deleted argument and returns the value for whether the record is soft deleted or not.
The createValue method must return a deterministic value if the record is not deleted. This is because the middleware
uses the value returned by createValue to modify the where object in the query, or to manually filter the results
when including or selecting a toOne relationship. If the value for the field can have multiple values when the record is
not deleted then this filtering will fail. Examples for good values to use when the deleted arg in createValue is
false are false, null, 0 or Date(0).
It is possible to setup soft delete for multiple models at once by passing a config for each model in the models
object:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: true,
Post: true,
},
})
);To modify the default field and type for all models you can pass a defaultConfig:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: true,
Post: true,
},
defaultConfig: {
field: "deletedAt",
createValue: (deleted) => {
if (deleted) return new Date();
return null;
},
},
})
);When using the default config you can also override the default config for a specific model by passing a config object for that model:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: true,
Post: {
field: "deleted",
createValue: Boolean,
},
},
defaultConfig: {
field: "deletedAt",
createValue: (deleted) => {
if (deleted) return new Date();
return null;
},
},
})
);The config object also has a allowToOneUpdates option that can be used to allow updates to toOne relationships through
nested updates. By default this is set to false and will throw an error if you try to update a toOne relationship
through a nested update. If you want to allow this you can set allowToOneUpdates to true:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: {
field: "deleted",
createValue: Boolean,
allowToOneUpdates: true,
},
},
})
);For more information for why updating through toOne relationship is disabled by default see the Updating Records section.
Similarly to allowToOneUpdates there is an allowCompoundUniqueIndexWhere option that can be used to allow using
where objects with compound unique index fields when using findUnique queries. By default this is set to false and
will throw an error if you try to use a where with compound unique index fields. If you want to allow this you can set
allowCompoundUniqueIndexWhere to true:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
Comment: {
field: "deleted",
createValue: Boolean,
allowCompoundUniqueIndexWhere: true,
},
},
})
);For more information for why updating through toOne relationship is disabled by default see the
Excluding Soft Deleted Records in a findUnique Operation section.
To allow to one updates or compound unique index fields globally you can use the defaultConfig to do so:
client.$use(
createSoftDeleteMiddleware({
models: {
User: true,
Comment: true,
},
defaultConfig: {
field: "deleted",
createValue: Boolean,
allowToOneUpdates: true,
allowCompoundUniqueIndexWhere: true,
},
})
);The Prisma schema must be updated to include the soft delete field for each model you want to use soft delete with.
For models configured to use the default field and type you must add the deleted field to your Prisma schema manually.
Using the Comment model configured in Middleware Setup you would need add the following to the
Prisma schema:
model Comment {
deleted Boolean @default(false)
[other fields]
}If the Comment model was configured to use a deletedAt field where the value is null by default and a DateTime when
the record is deleted you would need to add the following to your Prisma schema:
model Comment {
deletedAt DateTime?
[other fields]
}If the Comment model was configured to use a deletedAt field where the value is Date(0) by default and a Date()
when the record is deleted you would need to add the following to your Prisma schema:
model Comment {
deletedAt DateTime @default(dbgenerated("to_timestamp(0)"))
// Note that the example above is for PostgreSQL, you will need to use the appropriate default function for your db.
[other fields]
}Models configured to use soft delete that are related to other models through a toOne relationship must have this relationship defined as optional. This is because the middleware will exclude soft deleted records when the relationship is included or selected. If the relationship is not optional the types for the relation will be incorrect and you may get runtime errors.
For example if you have an author relationship on the Comment model and the User model is configured to use soft
delete you would need to change the relationship to be optional:
model Comment {
authorId Int?
author User? @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
[other fields]
}@unique fields on models that are configured to use soft deletes may cause problems due to the records not actually
being deleted. If a record is soft deleted and then a new record is created with the same value for the unique field,
the new record will not be created.
The main behaviour of the middleware is to replace delete operations with update operations that set the soft delete field to the deleted value.
The middleware also prevents accidentally fetching or updating soft deleted records by excluding soft deleted records from find queries, includes, selects and bulk updates. The middleware does allow explicit queries for soft deleted records and allows updates through unique fields such is it's id. The reason it allows updates through unique fields is because soft deleted records can only be fetched explicitly so updates through a unique fields should be intentional.
When deleting a record using the delete or deleteMany operations the middleware will change the operation to an
update operation and set the soft delete field to be the deleted value defined in the config for that model.
For example if the Comment model was configured to use the default deleted field of type Boolean the middleware
would change the delete operation to an update operation and set the deleted field to true.
When deleting a single record using the delete operation:
await client.comment.delete({
where: {
id: 1,
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
deleted: true,
},
});When deleting multiple records using the deleteMany operation:
await client.comment.deleteMany({
where: {
id: {
in: [1, 2, 3],
},
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.updateMany({
where: {
id: {
in: [1, 2, 3],
},
},
data: {
deleted: true,
},
});When using a nested delete through a relationship the middleware will change the nested delete operation to an update operation:
await client.post.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
comments: {
delete: {
where: {
id: 2,
},
},
},
author: {
delete: true,
},
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.post.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
comments: {
update: {
where: {
id: 2,
},
data: {
deleted: true,
},
},
},
author: {
update: {
deleted: true,
},
},
},
});The same behaviour applies when using a nested deleteMany with a toMany relationship.
Hard deletes are not currently supported by this middleware, when the extendedWhereUnique feature is supported
it will be possible to explicitly hard delete a soft deleted record. In the meantime you can use the executeRaw
operation to perform hard deletes.
When using the findUnique, findFirst and findMany operations the middleware will modify the where object passed
to exclude soft deleted records. It does this by adding an additional condition to the where object that excludes
records where the soft delete field is set to the deleted value defined in the config for that model.
When using a findFirst operation the middleware will modify the where object to exclude soft deleted records, so for:
await client.comment.findFirst({
where: {
id: 1,
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.findFirst({
where: {
id: 1,
deleted: false,
},
});When using a findMany operation the middleware will modify the where object to exclude soft deleted records, so for:
await client.comment.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
deleted: false,
},
});When using a findUnique operation the middleware will change the query to use findFirst so that it can modify the
where object to exclude soft deleted records, so for:
await client.comment.findUnique({
where: {
id: 1,
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.findFirst({
where: {
id: 1,
deleted: false,
},
});When querying using a compound unique index in the where object the middleware will throw an error by default. This
is because it is not possible to use these types of where object with findFirst and it is not possible to exclude
soft-deleted records when using findUnique. For example take the following query:
await client.user.findUnique({
where: {
name_email: {
name: "foo",
email: "bar",
},
},
});Since the compound unique index @@unique([name, email]) is being queried through the name_email field of the where
object the middleware will throw to avoid accidentally returning a soft deleted record.
It is possible to override this behaviour by setting allowCompoundUniqueIndexWhere to true in the model config.
Updating records is split into three categories, updating a single record using a root operation, updating a single record through a relation and updating multiple records either through a root operation or a relation.
When updating a single record using a root operation such as update or upsert the middleware will not modify the
operation. This is because unless explicitly queried for soft deleted records should not be returned from queries,
so if these operations are updating a soft deleted record it should be intentional.
When updating a single record through a relation the middleware will throw an error by default. This is because it is not possible to filter out soft deleted records for nested toOne relations. For example take the following query:
await client.post.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
author: {
update: {
name: "foo",
},
},
},
});Since the author field is a toOne relation it does not support a where object. This means that if the author field
is a soft deleted record it will be updated accidentally.
It is possible to override this behaviour by setting allowToOneUpdates to true in the middleware config.
When updating multiple records using updateMany the middleware will modify the where object passed to exclude soft
deleted records. For example take the following query:
await client.comment.updateMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
content: "foo",
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.comment.updateMany({
where: {
id: 1,
deleted: false,
},
data: {
content: "foo",
},
});This also works when a toMany relation is updated:
await client.post.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
comments: {
updateMany: {
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
content: "foo",
},
},
},
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.post.update({
where: {
id: 1,
},
data: {
comments: {
updateMany: {
where: {
id: 1,
deleted: false,
},
data: {
content: "foo",
},
},
},
},
});When using the updateMany operation it is possible to explicitly update many soft deleted records by setting the
deleted field to the deleted value defined in the config for that model. An example that would update soft deleted
records would be:
await client.comment.updateMany({
where: {
content: "foo",
deleted: true,
},
data: {
content: "bar",
},
});When using a where query it is possible to reference models configured to use soft deletes. In this case the
middleware will modify the where object to exclude soft deleted records from the query, so for:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
comments: {
some: {
content: "foo",
},
},
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
comments: {
some: {
content: "foo",
deleted: false,
},
},
},
});This also works when the where object includes logical operators:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
OR: [
{
comments: {
some: {
author: {
name: "Jack",
},
},
},
},
{
comments: {
none: {
author: {
name: "Jill",
},
},
},
},
],
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
OR: [
{
comments: {
some: {
deleted: false,
author: {
name: "Jack",
},
},
},
},
{
comments: {
none: {
deleted: false,
author: {
name: "Jill",
},
},
},
},
],
},
});When using the every modifier the middleware will modify the where object to exclude soft deleted records from the
query in a different way, so for:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
comments: {
every: {
content: "foo",
},
},
},
});The middleware would change the operation to:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
comments: {
every: {
OR: [{ deleted: { not: false } }, { content: "foo" }],
},
},
},
});This is because if the same logic that is used for some and none were to be used with every then the query would
fail for cases where there are deleted models.
The deleted case uses the not operator to ensure that the query works for custom fields and types. For example if the
field was configured to be deletedAt where the type is DateTime when deleted and null when not deleted then the
query would be:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
comments: {
every: {
OR: [{ deletedAt: { not: null } }, { content: "foo" }],
},
},
},
});It is possible to explicitly query soft deleted records by setting the configured field in the where object. For
example the following will include deleted records in the results:
await client.comment.findMany({
where: {
deleted: true,
},
});It is also possible to explicitly query soft deleted records through relationships in the where object. For example
the following will also not be modified:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
comments: {
some: {
deleted: true,
},
},
},
});When using include or select the middleware will modify the include and select objects passed to exclude soft
deleted records.
When using include or select on a toMany relationship the middleware will modify the where object to exclude soft
deleted records from the query, so for:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
comments: true,
},
});If the Comment model was configured to be soft deleted the middleware would modify the include action where object to
exclude soft deleted records, so the query would be:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
comments: {
where: {
deleted: false,
},
},
},
});The same applies for select:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
select: {
comments: true,
},
});This also works for nested includes and selects:
await client.user.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
posts: {
select: {
comments: {
where: {
content: "foo",
},
},
},
},
},
});The middleware would modify the query to:
await client.user.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
posts: {
select: {
comments: {
where: {
deleted: false,
content: "foo",
},
},
},
},
},
});Records included through a toOne relation are also excluded, however there is no way to explicitly include them. For example the following query:
await client.post.findFirst({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
author: true,
},
});The middleware would not modify the query since toOne relations do not support where clauses. Instead the middleware will manually filter results based on the configured deleted field.
So if the author of the Post was soft deleted the middleware would filter the results and remove the author from the results:
{
id: 1,
title: "foo",
author: null
}When selecting specific fields on a toOne relation the middleware will manually add the configured deleted field to the select object, filter the results and finally strip the deleted field from the results before returning them.
For example the following query would behave that way:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
select: {
author: {
select: {
name: true,
},
},
},
});It is possible to explicitly include soft deleted records in toMany relations by adding the configured deleted field to
the where object. For example the following will include deleted records in the results:
await client.post.findMany({
where: {
id: 1,
},
include: {
comments: {
where: {
deleted: true,
},
},
},
});Apache 2.0