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bs3_css.php
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<?php
// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/**
* Theme tester tool
*
* @package tool_themetester
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2015 Open LMS (https://www.openlms.net)
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
*/
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../config.php');
require_once($CFG->libdir . '/adminlib.php');
$strheading = 'Theme Tester: Bootstrap 3 CSS';
$url = new moodle_url('/admin/tool/themetester/bs_css.php');
// Start setting up the page.
$params = array();
$PAGE->set_context(context_system::instance());
$PAGE->set_url($url);
$PAGE->set_title($strheading);
$PAGE->set_heading($strheading);
$PAGE->requires->css('/admin/tool/themetester/bs_docs.min.css');
admin_externalpage_setup('toolthemetester');
echo $OUTPUT->header();
echo html_writer::link(new moodle_url('index.php'), '« Back to index');
echo $OUTPUT->heading($strheading);
?>
<!-- Docs page layout -->
<div class="bs-docs-header" id="content">
<div class="container">
<h1>CSS</h1>
<p>Global CSS settings, fundamental HTML elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes, and an advanced grid system.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container bs-docs-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9" role="main">
<div class="bs-docs-section">
<h1 id="overview" class="page-header">Overview</h1>
<p class="lead">Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.</p>
<h3 id="overview-doctype">HTML5 doctype</h3>
<p>Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html></span>
<span class="nt"><html</span> <span class="na">lang=</span><span class="s">"en"</span><span class="nt">></span>
...
<span class="nt"></html></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="overview-mobile">Mobile first</h3>
<p>With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, <strong>Bootstrap is mobile first</strong>. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.</p>
<p>To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, <strong>add the viewport meta tag</strong> to your <code><head></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"viewport"</span> <span class="na">content=</span><span class="s">"width=device-width, initial-scale=1"</span><span class="nt">></span></code></pre></div>
<p>You can disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices by adding <code>user-scalable=no</code> to the viewport meta tag. This disables zooming, meaning users are only able to scroll, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application. Overall, we don't recommend this on every site, so use caution!</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"viewport"</span> <span class="na">content=</span><span class="s">"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"</span><span class="nt">></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="overview-type-links">Typography and links</h3>
<p>Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:</p>
<ul>
<li>Set <code>background-color: #fff;</code> on the <code>body</code></li>
<li>Use the <code>@font-family-base</code>, <code>@font-size-base</code>, and <code>@line-height-base</code> attributes as our typographic base</li>
<li>Set the global link color via <code>@link-color</code> and apply link underlines only on <code>:hover</code></li>
</ul>
<p>These styles can be found within <code>scaffolding.less</code>.</p>
<h3 id="overview-normalize">Normalize.css</h3>
<p>For improved cross-browser rendering, we use <a href="http://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/" target="_blank">Normalize.css</a>, a project by <a href="https://twitter.com/necolas" target="_blank">Nicolas Gallagher</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/jon_neal" target="_blank">Jonathan Neal</a>.</p>
<h3 id="overview-container">Containers</h3>
<p>Bootstrap requires a containing element to wrap site contents and house our grid system. You may choose one of two containers to use in your projects. Note that, due to <code>padding</code> and more, neither container is nestable.</p>
<p>Use <code>.container</code> for a responsive fixed width container.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container"</span><span class="nt">></span>
...
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Use <code>.container-fluid</code> for a full width container, spanning the entire width of your viewport.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container-fluid"</span><span class="nt">></span>
...
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="bs-docs-section">
<h1 id="grid" class="page-header">Grid system</h1>
<p class="lead">Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes <a href="#grid-example-basic">predefined classes</a> for easy layout options, as well as powerful <a href="#grid-less">mixins for generating more semantic layouts</a>.</p>
<h3 id="grid-intro">Introduction</h3>
<p>Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:</p>
<ul>
<li>Rows must be placed within a <code>.container</code> (fixed-width) or <code>.container-fluid</code> (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.</li>
<li>Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.</li>
<li>Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.</li>
<li>Predefined grid classes like <code>.row</code> and <code>.col-xs-4</code> are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.</li>
<li>Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via <code>padding</code>. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on <code>.row</code>s.</li>
<li>The negative margin is why the examples below are outdented. It's so that content within grid columns is lined up with non-grid content.</li>
<li>Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three <code>.col-xs-4</code>.</li>
<li>If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.</li>
<li>Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, e.g. applying any <code>.col-md-*</code> class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a <code>.col-lg-*</code> class is not present.</li>
</ul>
<p>Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.</p>
<h3 id="grid-media-queries">Media queries</h3>
<p>We use the following media queries in our Less files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="cm">/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */</span>
<span class="cm">/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */</span>
<span class="cm">/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="cm">/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="cm">/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<p>We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a <code>max-width</code> to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">max-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-xs-max</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="nt">and</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">max-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-max</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="nt">and</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">max-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-max</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-options">Grid options</h3>
<p>See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.</p>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>
Extra small devices
<small>Phones (<768px)</small>
</th>
<th>
Small devices
<small>Tablets (≥768px)</small>
</th>
<th>
Medium devices
<small>Desktops (≥992px)</small>
</th>
<th>
Large devices
<small>Desktops (≥1200px)</small>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Grid behavior</th>
<td>Horizontal at all times</td>
<td colspan="3">Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Container width</th>
<td>None (auto)</td>
<td>750px</td>
<td>970px</td>
<td>1170px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Class prefix</th>
<td><code>.col-xs-</code></td>
<td><code>.col-sm-</code></td>
<td><code>.col-md-</code></td>
<td><code>.col-lg-</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row"># of columns</th>
<td colspan="4">12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Column width</th>
<td class="text-muted">Auto</td>
<td>~62px</td>
<td>~81px</td>
<td>~97px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Gutter width</th>
<td colspan="4">30px (15px on each side of a column)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Nestable</th>
<td colspan="4">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Offsets</th>
<td colspan="4">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Column ordering</th>
<td colspan="4">Yes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h3 id="grid-example-basic">Example: Stacked-to-horizontal</h3>
<p>Using a single set of <code>.col-md-*</code> grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any <code>.row</code>.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-1"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-8"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-8<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-example-fluid">Example: Fluid container</h3>
<p>Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost <code>.container</code> to <code>.container-fluid</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container-fluid"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
...
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-example-mixed">Example: Mobile and desktop</h3>
<p>Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding <code>.col-xs-*</code> <code>.col-md-*</code> to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="c"><!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-12 col-md-8"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-12 .col-md-8<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-example-mixed-complete">Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop</h3>
<p>Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet <code>.col-sm-*</code> classes.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->
<div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"clearfix visible-xs-block"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-example-wrapping">Example: Column wrapping</h3>
<p>If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-9">.col-xs-9</div>
<div class="col-xs-4">.col-xs-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-9"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-9<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-4<span class="nt"><br></span>Since 9 + 4 = 13 <span class="ni">&gt;</span> 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6<span class="nt"><br></span>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-responsive-resets">Responsive column resets</h3>
<p>With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a <code>.clearfix</code> and our <a href="#responsive-utilities">responsive utility classes</a>.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
<br>
Resize your viewport or check it out on your phone for an example.
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport -->
<div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"clearfix visible-xs-block"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-6 col-sm-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<p>In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to <strong>reset offsets, pushes, or pulls</strong>. See this in action in <a href="../examples/grid/">the grid example</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-5 col-md-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-sm-5 .col-md-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-offsetting">Offsetting columns</h3>
<p>Move columns to the right using <code>.col-md-offset-*</code> classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by <code>*</code> columns. For example, <code>.col-md-offset-4</code> moves <code>.col-md-4</code> over four columns.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-4 col-md-offset-4"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 col-md-offset-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 col-md-offset-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-nesting">Nesting columns</h3>
<p>To nest your content with the default grid, add a new <code>.row</code> and set of <code>.col-sm-*</code> columns within an existing <code>.col-sm-*</code> column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).</p>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-sm-9">
Level 1: .col-sm-9
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-xs-8 col-sm-6">
Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6
</div>
<div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-6">
Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-sm-9"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Level 1: .col-sm-9
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-8 col-sm-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-xs-4 col-sm-6"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-column-ordering">Column ordering</h3>
<p>Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with <code>.col-md-push-*</code> and <code>.col-md-pull-*</code> modifier classes.</p>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"row"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-9 col-md-push-3"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"col-md-3 col-md-pull-9"</span><span class="nt">></span>.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="grid-less">Less mixins and variables</h3>
<p>In addition to <a href="#grid-example-basic">prebuilt grid classes</a> for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes Less variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.</p>
<h4>Variables</h4>
<p>Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@grid-columns</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">12</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">@grid-gutter-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">30px</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">@grid-float-breakpoint</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">768px</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Mixins</h4>
<p>Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
</span><span class="err">.</span><span class="na">make-row</span><span class="err">(@</span><span class="na">gutter</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-gutter-width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Then clear the floated columns
</span> <span class="nc">.clearfix</span><span class="o">()</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">-2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">margin-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">-2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
</span> <span class="nc">.row</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">-2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">margin-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">-2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the extra small columns
</span><span class="nc">.make-xs-column</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">@gutter</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">grid-gutter-width</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">relative</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
</span> <span class="nl">min-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Inner gutter via padding
</span> <span class="nl">padding-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">padding-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Calculate width based on number of columns available
</span> <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">grid-float-breakpoint</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">float</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the small columns
</span><span class="nc">.make-sm-column</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">@gutter</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">grid-gutter-width</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">relative</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
</span> <span class="nl">min-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Inner gutter via padding
</span> <span class="nl">padding-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">padding-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Calculate width based on number of columns available
</span> <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">float</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the small column offsets
</span><span class="nc">.make-sm-column-offset</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-sm-column-push</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-sm-column-pull</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-sm-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the medium columns
</span><span class="nc">.make-md-column</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">@gutter</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">grid-gutter-width</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">relative</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
</span> <span class="nl">min-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Inner gutter via padding
</span> <span class="nl">padding-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">padding-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Calculate width based on number of columns available
</span> <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">float</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the medium column offsets
</span><span class="nc">.make-md-column-offset</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-md-column-push</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-md-column-pull</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-md-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the large columns
</span><span class="nc">.make-lg-column</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">@gutter</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">grid-gutter-width</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">relative</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
</span> <span class="nl">min-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Inner gutter via padding
</span> <span class="nl">padding-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">padding-right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">gutter</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Calculate width based on number of columns available
</span> <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">float</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Generate the large column offsets
</span><span class="nc">.make-lg-column-offset</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-lg-column-push</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.make-lg-column-pull</span><span class="o">(@</span><span class="nt">columns</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="nt">screen-lg-min</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">percentage</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">grid-columns</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Example usage</h4>
<p>You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.wrapper</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nc">.make-row</span><span class="o">()</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.content-main</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nc">.make-lg-column</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">8</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.content-secondary</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nc">.make-lg-column</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">3</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nc">.make-lg-column-offset</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">1</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"wrapper"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"content-main"</span><span class="nt">></span>...<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"content-secondary"</span><span class="nt">></span>...<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="bs-docs-section">
<h1 id="type" class="page-header">Typography</h1>
<!-- Headings -->
<h2 id="type-headings">Headings</h2>
<p>All HTML headings, <code><h1></code> through <code><h6></code>, are available. <code>.h1</code> through <code>.h6</code> classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.</p>
<div class="bs-example bs-example-type" data-example-id="simple-headings">
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><h1>h1. Bootstrap heading</h1></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 36px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h2>h2. Bootstrap heading</h2></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 30px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h3>h3. Bootstrap heading</h3></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 24px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h4>h4. Bootstrap heading</h4></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 18px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h5>h5. Bootstrap heading</h5></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 14px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h6>h6. Bootstrap heading</h6></td>
<td class="type-info">Semibold 12px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><h1></span>h1. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>h2. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>h3. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><h4></span>h4. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h4></span>
<span class="nt"><h5></span>h5. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h5></span>
<span class="nt"><h6></span>h6. Bootstrap heading<span class="nt"></h6></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic <code><small></code> tag or the <code>.small</code> class.</p>
<div class="bs-example bs-example-type" data-example-id="small-headings">
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><h1>h1. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h1></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h2>h2. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h2></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h3>h3. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h3></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h4>h4. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h4></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h5>h5. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h5></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h6>h6. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h6></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><h1></span>h1. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>h2. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>h3. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><h4></span>h4. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h4></span>
<span class="nt"><h5></span>h5. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h5></span>
<span class="nt"><h6></span>h6. Bootstrap heading <span class="nt"><small></span>Secondary text<span class="nt"></small></h6></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Body copy -->
<h2 id="type-body-copy">Body copy</h2>
<p>Bootstrap's global default <code>font-size</code> is <strong>14px</strong>, with a <code>line-height</code> of <strong>1.428</strong>. This is applied to the <code><body></code> and all paragraphs. In addition, <code><p></code> (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="body-copy">
<p>Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.</p>
<p>Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</p>
<p>Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><p></span>...<span class="nt"></p></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Body copy .lead -->
<h3>Lead body copy</h3>
<p>Make a paragraph stand out by adding <code>.lead</code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="lead-copy">
<p class="lead">Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"lead"</span><span class="nt">></span>...<span class="nt"></p></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Using Less -->
<h3>Built with Less</h3>
<p>The typographic scale is based on two Less variables in <strong>variables.less</strong>: <code>@font-size-base</code> and <code>@line-height-base</code>. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.</p>
<!-- Inline text elements -->
<h2 id="type-inline-text">Inline text elements</h2>
<h3>Marked text</h3>
<p>For highlighting a run of text due to its relevance in another context, use the <code><mark></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-mark">
<p>You can use the mark tag to <mark>highlight</mark> text.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html">You can use the mark tag to <span class="nt"><mark></span>highlight<span class="nt"></mark></span> text.</code></pre></div>
<h3>Deleted text</h3>
<p>For indicating blocks of text that have been deleted use the <code><del></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-del">
<p><del>This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.</del></p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><del></span>This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.<span class="nt"></del></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Strikethrough text</h3>
<p>For indicating blocks of text that are no longer relevant use the <code><s></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-s">
<p><s>This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.</s></p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><s></span>This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.<span class="nt"></s></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Inserted text</h3>
<p>For indicating additions to the document use the <code><ins></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-ins">
<p><ins>This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.</ins></p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><ins></span>This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.<span class="nt"></ins></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Underlined text</h3>
<p>To underline text use the <code><u></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-u">
<p><u>This line of text will render as underlined</u></p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><u></span>This line of text will render as underlined<span class="nt"></u></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.</p>
<h3>Small text</h3>
<p>For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <code><small></code> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own <code>font-size</code> for nested <code><small></code> elements.</p>
<p>You may alternatively use an inline element with <code>.small</code> in place of any <code><small></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-small">
<p><small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small></p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><small></span>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.<span class="nt"></small></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Bold</h3>
<p>For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-strong">
<p>The following snippet of text is <strong>rendered as bold text</strong>.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><strong></span>rendered as bold text<span class="nt"></strong></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Italics</h3>
<p>For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-em">
<p>The following snippet of text is <em>rendered as italicized text</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><em></span>rendered as italicized text<span class="nt"></em></span></code></pre></div>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-info" id="callout-type-b-i-elems">
<h4>Alternate elements</h4>
<p>Feel free to use <code><b></code> and <code><i></code> in HTML5. <code><b></code> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <code><i></code> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="type-alignment">Alignment classes</h2>
<p>Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="text-alignment">
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>
<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-left"</span><span class="nt">></span>Left aligned text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-center"</span><span class="nt">></span>Center aligned text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-right"</span><span class="nt">></span>Right aligned text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-justify"</span><span class="nt">></span>Justified text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-nowrap"</span><span class="nt">></span>No wrap text.<span class="nt"></p></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="type-transformation">Transformation classes</h2>
<p>Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="text-capitalization">
<p class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.</p>
<p class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.</p>
<p class="text-capitalize">Capitalized text.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-lowercase"</span><span class="nt">></span>Lowercased text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-uppercase"</span><span class="nt">></span>Uppercased text.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"text-capitalize"</span><span class="nt">></span>Capitalized text.<span class="nt"></p></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Abbreviations -->
<h2 id="type-abbreviations">Abbreviations</h2>
<p>Stylized implementation of HTML's <code><abbr></code> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a <code>title</code> attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover and to users of assistive technologies.</p>
<h3>Basic abbreviation</h3>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-abbr">
<p>An abbreviation of the word attribute is <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><abbr</span> <span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"attribute"</span><span class="nt">></span>attr<span class="nt"></abbr></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Initialism</h3>
<p>Add <code>.initialism</code> to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-initialism">
<p><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr> is the best thing since sliced bread.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><abbr</span> <span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"HyperText Markup Language"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"initialism"</span><span class="nt">></span>HTML<span class="nt"></abbr></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Addresses -->
<h2 id="type-addresses">Addresses</h2>
<p>Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <code><br></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-address">
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><address></span>
<span class="nt"><strong></span>Twitter, Inc.<span class="nt"></strong><br></span>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<span class="nt"><br></span>
San Francisco, CA 94107<span class="nt"><br></span>
<span class="nt"><abbr</span> <span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"Phone"</span><span class="nt">></span>P:<span class="nt"></abbr></span> (123) 456-7890
<span class="nt"></address></span>
<span class="nt"><address></span>
<span class="nt"><strong></span>Full Name<span class="nt"></strong><br></span>
<span class="nt"><a</span> <span class="na">href=</span><span class="s">"mailto:#"</span><span class="nt">></span>first.last@example.com<span class="nt"></a></span>
<span class="nt"></address></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Blockquotes -->
<h2 id="type-blockquotes">Blockquotes</h2>
<p>For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.</p>
<h3>Default blockquote</h3>
<p>Wrap <code><blockquote></code> around any <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <code><p></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-blockquote">
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><blockquote></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></blockquote></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Blockquote options</h3>
<p>Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <code><blockquote></code>.</p>
<h4>Naming a source</h4>
<p>Add a <code><footer></code> for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <code><cite></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="blockquote-cite">
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><blockquote></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><footer></span>Someone famous in <span class="nt"><cite</span> <span class="na">title=</span><span class="s">"Source Title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Source Title<span class="nt"></cite></footer></span>
<span class="nt"></blockquote></span></code></pre></div>
<h4>Alternate displays</h4>
<p>Add <code>.blockquote-reverse</code> for a blockquote with right-aligned content.</p>
<div class="bs-example" style="overflow: hidden;" data-example-id="blockquote-reverse">
<blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><blockquote</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"blockquote-reverse"</span><span class="nt">></span>
...
<span class="nt"></blockquote></span></code></pre></div>
<!-- Lists -->
<h2 id="type-lists">Lists</h2>
<h3>Unordered</h3>
<p>A list of items in which the order does <em>not</em> explicitly matter.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-ul">
<ul>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
<ul>
<li>Phasellus iaculis neque</li>
<li>Purus sodales ultricies</li>
<li>Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem</li>
<li>Ac tristique libero volutpat at</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><ul></span>
<span class="nt"><li></span>...<span class="nt"></li></span>
<span class="nt"></ul></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Ordered</h3>
<p>A list of items in which the order <em>does</em> explicitly matter.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-ol">
<ol>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><ol></span>
<span class="nt"><li></span>...<span class="nt"></li></span>
<span class="nt"></ol></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Unstyled</h3>
<p>Remove the default <code>list-style</code> and left margin on list items (immediate children only). <strong>This only applies to immediate children list items</strong>, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="unstyled-list">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
<ul>
<li>Phasellus iaculis neque</li>
<li>Purus sodales ultricies</li>
<li>Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem</li>
<li>Ac tristique libero volutpat at</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><ul</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"list-unstyled"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><li></span>...<span class="nt"></li></span>
<span class="nt"></ul></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Inline</h3>
<p>Place all list items on a single line with <code>display: inline-block;</code> and some light padding.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="list-inline">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li>Lorem ipsum</li>
<li>Phasellus iaculis</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><ul</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"list-inline"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><li></span>...<span class="nt"></li></span>
<span class="nt"></ul></span></code></pre></div>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>A list of terms with their associated descriptions.</p>
<div class="bs-example" data-example-id="simple-dl">
<dl>