[pkg/ottl] Add StringLikeGetter for turning types into string

[TylerHelmuth]

Description:
Adds a new typed getter for getting a string value from the types of values OTTL knows how to handle. Updates functions that converted any value to a string to use StringLikeGetter.

Link to tracking Issue:
Related to #16519

Testing:
Updated tests

Documentation
Reviewed existing docs

[runforesight]

Foresight Summary

    
Major Impacts

build-and-test-windows duration(6 seconds) has decreased 36 minutes 42 seconds compared to main branch avg(36 minutes 48 seconds).

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⭕  build-and-test-windows workflow has finished in 6 seconds (36 minutes 39 seconds less than main branch avg.) and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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Job	Failed Steps	Tests
windows-unittest-matrix	-     🔗	N/A	See Details
windows-unittest	-     🔗	N/A	See Details

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✅  check-links workflow has finished in 49 seconds and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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changed files	-     🔗	N/A	See Details
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✅  telemetrygen workflow has finished in 1 minute 12 seconds and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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✅  changelog workflow has finished in 2 minutes 5 seconds and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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✅  build-and-test workflow has finished in 37 minutes 13 seconds (14 minutes 57 seconds less than main branch avg.) and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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Job	Failed Steps	Tests
unittest-matrix (1.20, connector)	-     🔗	✅ 126  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, connector)	-     🔗	✅ 126  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
correctness-metrics	-     🔗	✅ 2  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, internal)	-     🔗	✅ 583  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.20, internal)	-     🔗	✅ 583  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.20, extension)	-     🔗	✅ 543  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
correctness-traces	-     🔗	✅ 17  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.20, processor)	-     🔗	✅ 1557  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, extension)	-     🔗	✅ 543  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, processor)	-     🔗	✅ 1557  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, receiver-0)	-     🔗	✅ 2611  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
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unittest-matrix (1.20, exporter)	-     🔗	✅ 2501  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.20, receiver-1)	-     🔗	✅ 1969  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, exporter)	-     🔗	✅ 2501  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, receiver-1)	-     🔗	✅ 1969  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.20, other)	-     🔗	✅ 4761  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
integration-tests	-     🔗	✅ 55  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
unittest-matrix (1.19, other)	-     🔗	✅ 4761  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
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✅  prometheus-compliance-tests workflow has finished in 3 minutes 23 seconds (3 minutes 27 seconds less than main branch avg.) and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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Job	Failed Steps	Tests
prometheus-compliance-tests	-     🔗	✅ 21  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details

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✅  load-tests workflow has finished in 7 minutes 7 seconds (4 minutes 50 seconds less than main branch avg.) and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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Job	Failed Steps	Tests
loadtest (TestTraceAttributesProcessor)	-     🔗	✅ 3  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestIdleMode)	-     🔗	✅ 1  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestMetric10kDPS|TestMetricsFromFile)	-     🔗	✅ 6  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestTraceNoBackend10kSPS|TestTrace1kSPSWithAttrs)	-     🔗	✅ 8  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestTraceBallast1kSPSWithAttrs|TestTraceBallast1kSPSAddAttrs)	-     🔗	✅ 10  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestMetricResourceProcessor|TestTrace10kSPS)	-     🔗	✅ 12  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
loadtest (TestBallastMemory|TestLog10kDPS)	-     🔗	✅ 18  ❌ 0  ⏭ 0    🔗	See Details
setup-environment	-     🔗	N/A	See Details

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✅  e2e-tests workflow has finished in 11 minutes 16 seconds (3 minutes 49 seconds less than main branch avg.) and finished at 22nd Mar, 2023.

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Job	Failed Steps	Tests
kubernetes-test (v1.26.0)	-     🔗	N/A	See Details
kubernetes-test (v1.25.3)	-     🔗	N/A	See Details
kubernetes-test (v1.24.7)	-     🔗	N/A	See Details
kubernetes-test (v1.23.13)	-     🔗	N/A	See Details

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