Add polyfills for PHP 8.0, 8.1, 8.2

[tidal]

This PR adds polyfills for PHP versions 8.0, 8.1, 8.2 in order to use certain language features in our PHP 7.4 code base.

• Adds symfony/polyfill-php80
• Adds symfony/polyfill-php81
• Adds symfony/polyfill-php82

(This should also resolve the Phan error in #767)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #768 (f9c42be) into main (ae6b620) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##               main     #768   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     78.43%   78.43%           
  Complexity     1331     1331           
=========================================
  Files           153      153           
  Lines          3278     3278           
=========================================
  Hits           2571     2571           
  Misses          707      707           

Flag	Coverage Δ
7.4	78.43% <ø> (ø)
8.0	78.50% <ø> (ø)
8.1	78.50% <ø> (ø)

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