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Began work on Chapter 2 (Limits)
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Dixon Crews committed Mar 2, 2014
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49 changes: 46 additions & 3 deletions OpenCalculus.tex
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\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{anysize}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{bigstrut}
\usepackage{framed}

\setlength{\parindent}{0cm}
\marginsize{0.5in}{0.5in}{0.5in}{0.5in}
\everymath{\displaystyle}

\linespread{1.1}

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Dixon \textsc{Crews}\\[0.5cm]
\small \texttt{\href{mailto:dixon@opencalculus.org}{dixon@opencalculus.org}} \\ [3.5cm]

{\large Version 1.01}\\[1cm]
{\large Version 1.02}\\[1cm]
{\large March 2014}\\[3cm]

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Expand All @@ -63,6 +64,48 @@ \subsection{What is Calculus?}

\section{Limits}

\subsection{Introduction}
\textbf{Definition:} The limit of $f(x)$ as $x$ approaches $a$ equals $L$
\begin{align*}
\lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L
\end{align*}

if we can make the values of $f(x)$ as close to $L$ as we like by taking $x$ to be close to $a$ but not equal to $a$. It is important to note that we do not consider the case where $x = a$ when evaluating limits. $f(x)$ may not be defined at $x = a$, so we are just concerned with the behavior of $f(x)$ as it approaches $x = a$. \\

\subsubsection{Numerical Limit Evaluation}
We can numerically evaluate limits by creating a table of values and letting the independent variable (usually $x$ or $t$) get very close to our $a$ value. Let's look at an example. \\

\textbf{Evaluate} $\lim_{x \to 2} \sqrt{x}$ given \hspace{1em}
\begin{tabular}{c | c}
$x$ & $\sqrt{x}$ \\ \hline
1.98 & 1.4071 \\
1.99 & 1.4107 \\
2.00 & ? \\
2.01 & 1.4177 \\
2.02 & 1.4213 \\
\end{tabular}

Let's choose 1.414 as our limit. $\sqrt{2}$ to four decimal places is actually 1.4142, so this is quite a good approximation!

\subsection{One-Sided Limits}
We can also look at limits from both directions. If we're evaluating a limit and see that we approach a different value from the left than we do when approaching from the right, the limit \textbf{does not exist (DNE)}. \\

A left-sided limit is denoted by changing $a$ to $a^-$: $\lim_{x \to a^-} f(x) = L$ \\

Similarly, a right-sided limit is denoted by changing $a$ to $a^+$: $\lim_{x \to a^+} f(x) = L$ \\

\begin{center}
\begin{framed}
$\lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L$ \textbf{iff} $\lim_{x \to a^-} f(x) = L$ \textbf{and} $\lim_{x \to a^+} f(x) = L$
\end{framed}
\end{center}

\subsection{Properties of Limits}

\subsection{Continuity}

\subsection{Infinite Limits}

\section{Differentiation}

\section{Integration}
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