Substrate node template is a node program for quickly developing Substrate application chains. It has a built-in Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm. The block generation algorithm is Aura , which means that the nodes and order of block generation are fixed. An online public blockchain application needs to achieve a certain degree of decentralization and ensure security through random block generation. Substrate's built-in Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm is designed to meet such needs.
You can learn more about pop-cli here: https://github.com/r0gue-io/pop-cli
- Install the
pop-cli: cargo install --locked --git https://github.com/r0gue-io/pop-cli - Create a new parachain boilerplate code with
pop new parachain substrate-npos - Build your newly created local parachain with
cd substrate-npos && pop run parachain - Run your local relaychain network using Zombinet with
pop up parachain -f ./zombienet.tomlNow you are ready to kickstart working on the later steps.
| Pallet Name | Functionality |
|---|---|
| Staking | used to manage verification, nomination, cancellation of verification, nomination, verifier score statistics and reward distribution, etc.; |
| Session | Manage the session keys of the validator (Session Keys), control the length and rotation of the Session; |
| Authorship | Used in runtime to track the current block producer and uncles. The staking module uses this information to count the points used for rewards; |
| Utility | Implements the auxiliary function of sending transactions in batches, which is needed by validators to withdraw rewards through front-end apps. |
| Offences | This pallet simply defined storage value and Pallet dispatchable functions to store and track the reported offences. |
| Historical | An opt-in utility for tracking historical sessions in FRAME-session. Rather than store the full session data for any given session, we instead commit to the roots of merkle tries containing the session data. These roots and proofs of inclusion can be generated at any time during the current session. Afterwards, the proofs can be fed to a consensus module when reporting misbehavior. |
offenses, babe, grandpa, im-online: work together to deal with illegal writing of validators. Just like a validator produces multiple blocks in the current slot, GRANDPA voters vote multiple times for different blocks in the same round. A large number of The validator is offline for a long time, etc.
- Substrate NPOS implementation guide - Chinese version: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/161293660
- Advanced Staking Concepts on Polkadot Wiki: https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/learn-staking-advanced
- Substrate Stencil (NPOS blockchain with Substrate): https://github.com/kaichaosun/substrate-stencil