Add DerivedFieldMapper and support parsing it in mappings

[qreshi]

Description

Adds a DerivedFieldMapper to support the Derived Fields feature enhancement as well as updating the mapper parsing logic to recognize and currently parse derived fields in the mappings.

Some parts will need to be revisited as they are dependent on the query implementation. These sections have been marked with TODOs.

Related Issues

Resolves #12506 and #12507

Check List

• New functionality includes testing.
  • All tests pass
• New functionality has been documented.
  • New functionality has javadoc added
• Failing checks are inspected and point to the corresponding known issue(s) (See: Troubleshooting Failing Builds)
• Commits are signed per the DCO using --signoff
• Commit changes are listed out in CHANGELOG.md file (See: Changelog)
• Public documentation issue/PR created

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.
For more information on following Developer Certificate of Origin and signing off your commits, please check here.

[qreshi]

Requesting initial review by @rishabhmaurya and @msfroh on the draft.

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for c7ad1f8: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

Compatibility status:

Checks if related components are compatible with change 97a8be8

Incompatible components

Skipped components

Compatible components

Compatible components: [https://github.com/opensearch-project/custom-codecs.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/asynchronous-search.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/performance-analyzer-rca.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/cross-cluster-replication.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/flow-framework.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/job-scheduler.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/reporting.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/security.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/geospatial.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/opensearch-oci-object-storage.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/common-utils.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/k-nn.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/neural-search.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/anomaly-detection.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/performance-analyzer.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/security-analytics.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/ml-commons.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/index-management.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/observability.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/notifications.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/alerting.git, https://github.com/opensearch-project/sql.git]

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for ecd4fcc: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 4c6aaa3: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 3e3b6b4: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 2226211: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 973394b: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 47bee9f: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for c05c27f: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 113f6f0: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for 5329c66: SUCCESS

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 80.89888% with 17 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.47%. Comparing base (b15cb0c) to head (97a8be8).
Report is 120 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/ObjectMapper.java	71.15%	9 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️
...rg/opensearch/index/mapper/DerivedFieldMapper.java	93.93%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main   #12569      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     71.42%   71.47%   +0.05%     
- Complexity    59978    60380     +402     
============================================
  Files          4985     5025      +40     
  Lines        282275   284381    +2106     
  Branches      40946    41188     +242     
============================================
+ Hits         201603   203261    +1658     
- Misses        63999    64266     +267     
- Partials      16673    16854     +181     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[github-actions]

✅ Gradle check result for b8abd27: SUCCESS

[github-actions]

❕ Gradle check result for 6853c9b: UNSTABLE

• TEST FAILURES:

      3 org.opensearch.cluster.coordination.AwarenessAttributeDecommissionIT.testConcurrentDecommissionAction
      1 org.opensearch.indices.replication.SegmentReplicationIT.classMethod

Please review all flaky tests that succeeded after retry and create an issue if one does not already exist to track the flaky failure.

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for 24daef9: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for b33293f: FAILURE

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[github-actions]

❌ Gradle check result for b33293f: FAILURE

Please examine the workflow log, locate, and copy-paste the failure(s) below, then iterate to green. Is the failure a flaky test unrelated to your change?

[github-actions]

❕ Gradle check result for 97a8be8: UNSTABLE

• TEST FAILURES:

      1 org.opensearch.repositories.azure.AzureBlobStoreRepositoryTests.testRequestStats

Please review all flaky tests that succeeded after retry and create an issue if one does not already exist to track the flaky failure.

[opensearch-trigger-bot]

The backport to 2.x failed:

The process '/usr/bin/git' failed with exit code 128

To backport manually, run these commands in your terminal:

# Navigate to the root of your repository
cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
# Fetch latest updates from GitHub
git fetch
# Create a new working tree
git worktree add ../.worktrees/OpenSearch/backport-2.x 2.x
# Navigate to the new working tree
pushd ../.worktrees/OpenSearch/backport-2.x
# Create a new branch
git switch --create backport/backport-12569-to-2.x
# Cherry-pick the merged commit of this pull request and resolve the conflicts
git cherry-pick -x --mainline 1 8ca3e6ad51d73b6b89cb88eca8f4c759f708e59b
# Push it to GitHub
git push --set-upstream origin backport/backport-12569-to-2.x
# Go back to the original working tree
popd
# Delete the working tree
git worktree remove ../.worktrees/OpenSearch/backport-2.x

Then, create a pull request where the base branch is 2.x and the compare/head branch is backport/backport-12569-to-2.x.

[rishabhmaurya]

@msfroh Backport 2.x PR - #13036