[FTheoryTools] Hypersurface model

[HereAround]

This implements the next class of models for FTheoryTools, namely hypersurface models. For now, this works only over a concrete base space. Generalization to arbitary base spaces hopefully soon.

cc @apturner

(As discussed on slack: The grading of the auxiliary base space currently does not know what divisor classes of the actual base space are reflected. For instance, if we have a Z^2 grading, then the first Z could refer to Kbar and the second to a gauge divisor class W. But it could also be the other way around. Or could even be 2 Kbar - 3 W and 3 Kbar + 4 W. Some places in the code assume that it is always of the form (Kbar, W1, W2, ...) and will form divisor classes [2,0,...] and [3,0,...] for the construction of the auxiliary ambient space. We should think about this/add consistency checks/another field to the types and possibly also reflect this in the literature models...)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2382 (551077e) into master (2bca8fc) will increase coverage by 71.84%.
The diff coverage is 40.27%.

❗ Current head 551077e differs from pull request most recent head 578e9c5. Consider uploading reports for the commit 578e9c5 to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2382       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    0.00%   71.84%   +71.84%     
===========================================
  Files         394      395        +1     
  Lines       53000    52746      -254     
===========================================
+ Hits            0    37893    +37893     
+ Misses      53000    14853    -38147     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
.../FTheoryTools/src/HypersurfaceModels/attributes.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...TheoryTools/src/HypersurfaceModels/constructors.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...tal/FTheoryTools/src/HypersurfaceModels/methods.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
.../FTheoryTools/src/HypersurfaceModels/properties.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...imental/FTheoryTools/src/standard_constructions.jl	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
experimental/FTheoryTools/src/auxiliary.jl	75.41% <5.88%> (+75.41%)	⬆️
experimental/FTheoryTools/src/types.jl	26.66% <33.33%> (+26.66%)	⬆️
...FTheoryTools/src/WeierstrassModels/constructors.jl	84.21% <66.66%> (+84.21%)	⬆️
...l/FTheoryTools/src/WeierstrassModels/attributes.jl	97.43% <92.85%> (+97.43%)	⬆️
...rimental/FTheoryTools/src/TateModels/attributes.jl	62.06% <100.00%> (+62.06%)	⬆️
... and 4 more

... and 366 files with indirect coverage changes

[HereAround]

I just split off the part of this PR that is likely not working yet (and will take me at least several weeks to fix, as I currently see it). Those additional changes are here: #2470

With these changes being separate, I hope that this PR here can be moved forward/merged shortly.

[HereAround]

@apturner What do you think of this PR?

[apturner]

This looks great @HereAround; thanks for splitting this into pieces so that we can move ahead with the bits that are already working!

[HereAround]

This looks great @HereAround; thanks for splitting this into pieces so that we can move ahead with the bits that are already working!

Thank you @apturner.