Added explainable DELX examples

- Corrected original DELX examples.
- Version 0.9.1.

deolingo/_version.py

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 
-__version__ = "0.9.0"
+__version__ = "0.9.1"

deolingo/examples/delx/README.md

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-The examples in this folder are taken from the paper "Deontic Equilibrium Logic with eXplicit negation", see https://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~cabalar/DELX.pdf
+
+The examples in this folder are taken from the paper "Deontic Equilibrium Logic with eXplicit negation". 
+See https://www.dc.fi.udc.es/~cabalar/DELX.pdf

deolingo/examples/delx/example1.1.lp

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
-% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission)
+
+% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission)  (1st example: Π ∪ (15))
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (iv) If it is permitted (explicit), I build a fence around my cottage
 f :- &permitted{f}.
-% (iv) If it is permitted (implicit), I build a fence around my cottage
-%f :- not &forbidden{f}.

deolingo/examples/delx/example1.2.lp

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
-% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission)
+
+% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission)  (2nd example: Π ∪ (16))
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
-% (iv) If it is permitted (explicit), I build a fence around my cottage
-%f :- &permitted{f}.
+
 % (iv) If it is permitted (implicit), I build a fence around my cottage
 f :- not &forbidden{f}.

deolingo/examples/delx/example2.lp

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
+
 % C2 (Contrary-to-Duty (CTD) and Compliance)
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (v) If you put a fence when forbidden, you should pay a fine.
 &obligatory{pay} :- &forbidden{f}, f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example3.lp

@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
+
 % C3 (CTD and Dilemmas)
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (v) If you put a fence when forbidden, you should pay a fine.
 &obligatory{pay} :- &forbidden{f}, f.
+
 % There is a fence.
-f.
+f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example4.lp

@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
-% C4 (CTD and Defeasible Obligations) 
+
+% C4 (CTD and Defeasible Obligations) ((18) ∪ (3) ∪ {s,f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence, unless a permission is granted
 &forbidden{f} :- not &permitted{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
 &obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (vi) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there may be a fence.
 &permitted{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % The cottage is by the sea.
-%s.
+s.
+
 % There is a fence.
-%f.
+f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example5.1.lp

@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
-% C5 (Constitutive Norms)
+
+% C5 (Constitutive Norms) (1st example: Π ∪ (19) ∪ {f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % No white fence if not fence.
 -w :- -f.
-% Not forbidden a white fence if not forbidden a fence.
+
+% Forbidden a white fence if forbidden a fence.
 &forbidden{w} :- &forbidden{f}.
+
 % There is a fence.
 f.
+
 % The fence is white.
-%w.
+w.

deolingo/examples/delx/example5.2.lp

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
-% C5 (Constitutive Norms) (2nd example)
+
+% C5 (Constitutive Norms) (2nd example: (2) ∪ (20) ∪ {f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
+% (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
+&obligatory{f} :- s.
+
 % If white fence, then fence.
 f :- w.
+
 % No white fence if not fence.
 -w :- -f.
-% Obligatory fence if non violated white fence.
+
+% Obligatory fence if non violated obligation of white fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}, not -w.
-% Forbidden white if non violated fence.
+
+% Forbidden white fence if non violated prohibition of fence.
 &forbidden{w} :- &forbidden{f}, not f.
+
 % There is a fence.
-f.
+f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example6.1.lp

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
-% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (1st example)
+
+% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (1st example: Π ∪ (21) ∪ {f ∨ ¬f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (vii) If we put a fence, we must put a street mailbox (m).
 &obligatory{m} :- f.
+
 % (viii) If we do not put a fence, we must not put a street mailbox.
 &forbidden{m} :- -f.
+
 % Fence or not fence.
-f;-f.
+f; -f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example6.2.alt.lp

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
-% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (2nd example)
+
+% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (2nd example with conditional notation: Π ∪ (22) ∪ {f ∨¬f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (vii) If we put a fence, we must put a street mailbox (m).
 &obligatory{m | f}.
+
 % (viii) If we do not put a fence, we must not put a street mailbox.
 &obligatory{-m | -f}.
+
 % Fence or not fence.
-f;-f.
+f; -f.

deolingo/examples/delx/example6.2.lp

@@ -1,17 +1,28 @@
-% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (2nd example)
+
+% C6 (Defeasible Deontic Detachment) (2nd example: Π ∪ (22) ∪ {f ∨¬f})
+
 % (i) There must be no fence (f).
-&obligatory{-f}.
+&forbidden{f}.
+
 % (ii) If there is a fence, it must be a white (w) fence.
-&obligatory{w} :- f.
+&obligatory{w} :- f, &forbidden{f}.
+
 % (iii) If the cottage is by the sea (s), there must be a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- s.
+
+% A white fence is a fence.
+f :- w.
+
 % If it is obligatory a white fence, then it is obligatory a fence.
 &obligatory{f} :- &obligatory{w}.
+
 % (vii) If we put a fence, we must put a street mailbox (m).
 &obligatory{m} :- f.
 &obligatory{m} :- &obligatory{f}, not -f.
+
 % (viii) If we do not put a fence, we must not put a street mailbox.
 &forbidden{m} :- -f.
 &forbidden{m} :- &forbidden{f}, not f.
+
 % Fence or not fence.
-f;-f.
+f; -f.

deolingo/examples/delxx/example1.1.lp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission) (1st example: Π ∪ (15))
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be no fence"}
+&forbidden{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It must be a white fence, if the prohibition of a fence is violated"}
+&obligatory{white_fence} :- &violated_prohibition{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be a fence, if the cottage is by the sea"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- sea.
+
+%!trace_rule {"A white fence is a fence"}
+fence :- white_fence.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It is obligatory a fence, if it is obligatory a white fence"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- &obligatory{white_fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"I build a fence around my cottage, if it is explicitly permitted"}
+fence :- &permitted{fence}.
+
+%!show_trace &obligatory{X}.
+%!show_trace &forbidden{X}.
+
+%!trace {"There is a fence"} fence.
+%!trace {"The cottage is by the sea"} sea.
+%!trace {"There is a white fence"} white.

deolingo/examples/delxx/example1.2.lp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+% C1 (Explicit versus Negative permission) (2nd example: Π ∪ (16))
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be no fence"}
+&forbidden{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It must be a white fence, if the prohibition of a fence is violated"}
+&obligatory{white_fence} :- &violated_prohibition{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be a fence, if the cottage is by the sea"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- sea.
+
+%!trace_rule {"A white fence is a fence"}
+fence :- white_fence.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It is obligatory a fence, if it is obligatory a white fence"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- &obligatory{white_fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"I build a fence around my cottage, if it is implicitly permitted"}
+fence :- &permitted_implicitly{fence}.
+
+%!show_trace &obligatory{X}.
+%!show_trace &forbidden{X}.
+
+%!trace {"There is a fence"} fence.
+%!trace {"The cottage is by the sea"} sea.
+%!trace {"There is a white fence"} white.

deolingo/examples/delxx/example2.lp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+% C2 (Contrary-to-Duty (CTD) and Compliance)
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be no fence"}
+&forbidden{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It must be a white fence, if the prohibition of a fence is violated"}
+&obligatory{white_fence} :- &violated_prohibition{fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"There must be a fence, if the cottage is by the sea"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- sea.
+
+%!trace_rule {"A white fence is a fence"}
+fence :- white_fence.
+
+%!trace_rule {"It is obligatory a fence, if it is obligatory a white fence"}
+&obligatory{fence} :- &obligatory{white_fence}.
+
+%!trace_rule {"You should pay a fine, if you put a fence when forbidden"}
+&obligatory{pay} :- &violated_prohibition{fence}.
+
+%!show_trace &forbidden{X}.
+%!show_trace &obligatory{X}.
+
+%!trace {"There is a fence"} fence.
+%!trace {"The cottage is by the sea"} sea.
+%!trace {"There is a white fence"} white.
+%!trace {"You should pay a fine"} &obligatory{pay}.