c14n.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
'''XML Canonicalization

Patches Applied to xml.dom.ext.c14n:
    http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyxml/

    [ 1444526 ] c14n.py: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-exc-c14n/ fix
        -- includes [ 829905 ] c14n.py fix for bug #825115, 
           Date Submitted: 2003-10-24 23:43
        -- include dependent namespace declarations declared in ancestor nodes 
           (checking attributes and tags), 
        -- handle InclusiveNamespaces PrefixList parameter

This module generates canonical XML of a document or element.
    http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315
and includes a prototype of exclusive canonicalization
    http://www.w3.org/Signature/Drafts/xml-exc-c14n

Requires PyXML 0.7.0 or later.

Known issues if using Ft.Lib.pDomlette:
    1. Unicode
    2. does not white space normalize attributes of type NMTOKEN and ID?
    3. seems to be include "\n" after importing external entities?

Note, this version processes a DOM tree, and consequently it processes
namespace nodes as attributes, not from a node's namespace axis. This
permits simple document and element canonicalization without
XPath. When XPath is used, the XPath result node list is passed and used to
determine if the node is in the XPath result list, but little else.

Authors:
    "Joseph M. Reagle Jr." <reagle@w3.org>
    "Rich Salz" <rsalz@zolera.com>

$Date$ by $Author$
'''

_copyright = '''Copyright 2001, Zolera Systems Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001, MIT. All Rights Reserved.

Distributed under the terms of:
  Python 2.0 License or later.
  http://www.python.org/2.0.1/license.html
or
  W3C Software License
  http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software-19980720
'''

import string
from xml.dom import Node
try:
    from xml.ns import XMLNS
except:
    class XMLNS:
        BASE = "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
        XML = "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
try:
    import cStringIO
    StringIO = cStringIO
except ImportError:
    import StringIO

_attrs = lambda E: (E.attributes and E.attributes.values()) or []
_children = lambda E: E.childNodes or []
_IN_XML_NS = lambda n: n.name.startswith("xmlns")
_inclusive = lambda n: n.unsuppressedPrefixes == None


# Does a document/PI has lesser/greater document order than the
# first element?
_LesserElement, _Element, _GreaterElement = range(3)

def _sorter(n1,n2):
    '''_sorter(n1,n2) -> int
    Sorting predicate for non-NS attributes.'''

    i = cmp(n1.namespaceURI, n2.namespaceURI)
    if i: return i
    return cmp(n1.localName, n2.localName)


def _sorter_ns(n1,n2):
    '''_sorter_ns((n,v),(n,v)) -> int
    "(an empty namespace URI is lexicographically least)."'''

    if n1[0] == 'xmlns': return -1
    if n2[0] == 'xmlns': return 1
    return cmp(n1[0], n2[0])

def _utilized(n, node, other_attrs, unsuppressedPrefixes):
    '''_utilized(n, node, other_attrs, unsuppressedPrefixes) -> boolean
    Return true if that nodespace is utilized within the node'''
    if n.startswith('xmlns:'):
        n = n[6:]
    elif n.startswith('xmlns'):
        n = n[5:]
    if (n=="" and node.prefix in ["#default", None]) or \
        n == node.prefix or n in unsuppressedPrefixes: 
            return 1
    for attr in other_attrs:
        if n == attr.prefix: return 1
    # For exclusive need to look at attributes
    if unsuppressedPrefixes is not None:
        for attr in _attrs(node):
            if n == attr.prefix: return 1
            
    return 0


def _inclusiveNamespacePrefixes(node, context, unsuppressedPrefixes):
    '''http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-exc-c14n/ 
    InclusiveNamespaces PrefixList parameter, which lists namespace prefixes that 
    are handled in the manner described by the Canonical XML Recommendation'''
    inclusive = []
    if node.prefix:
        usedPrefixes = ['xmlns:%s' %node.prefix]
    else:
        usedPrefixes = ['xmlns']

    for a in _attrs(node):
        if a.nodeName.startswith('xmlns') or not a.prefix: continue
        usedPrefixes.append('xmlns:%s' %a.prefix)

    unused_namespace_dict = {}
    for attr in context:
        n = attr.nodeName
        if n in unsuppressedPrefixes:
            inclusive.append(attr)
        elif n.startswith('xmlns:') and n[6:] in unsuppressedPrefixes:
            inclusive.append(attr)
        elif n.startswith('xmlns') and n[5:] in unsuppressedPrefixes:
            inclusive.append(attr)
        elif attr.nodeName in usedPrefixes:
            inclusive.append(attr)
        elif n.startswith('xmlns:'):
            unused_namespace_dict[n] = attr.value

    return inclusive, unused_namespace_dict

#_in_subset = lambda subset, node: not subset or node in subset
_in_subset = lambda subset, node: subset is None or node in subset # rich's tweak


class _implementation:
    '''Implementation class for C14N. This accompanies a node during it's
    processing and includes the parameters and processing state.'''

    # Handler for each node type; populated during module instantiation.
    handlers = {}

    def __init__(self, node, write, **kw):
        '''Create and run the implementation.'''
        self.write = write
        self.subset = kw.get('subset')
        self.comments = kw.get('comments', 0)
        self.unsuppressedPrefixes = kw.get('unsuppressedPrefixes')
        nsdict = kw.get('nsdict', { 'xml': XMLNS.XML, 'xmlns': XMLNS.BASE })
        
        # Processing state.
        self.state = (nsdict, {'xml':''}, {}, {}) #0422
        
        if node.nodeType == Node.DOCUMENT_NODE:
            self._do_document(node)
        elif node.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
            self.documentOrder = _Element        # At document element
            if not _inclusive(self):
                inherited,unused = _inclusiveNamespacePrefixes(node, self._inherit_context(node), 
                                self.unsuppressedPrefixes)
                self._do_element(node, inherited, unused=unused)
            else:
                inherited = self._inherit_context(node)
                self._do_element(node, inherited)
        elif node.nodeType == Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
            pass
        else:
            raise TypeError, str(node)


    def _inherit_context(self, node):
        '''_inherit_context(self, node) -> list
        Scan ancestors of attribute and namespace context.  Used only
        for single element node canonicalization, not for subset
        canonicalization.'''

        # Collect the initial list of xml:foo attributes.
        xmlattrs = filter(_IN_XML_NS, _attrs(node))

        # Walk up and get all xml:XXX attributes we inherit.
        inherited, parent = [], node.parentNode
        while parent and parent.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
            for a in filter(_IN_XML_NS, _attrs(parent)):
                n = a.localName
                if n not in xmlattrs:
                    xmlattrs.append(n)
                    inherited.append(a)
            parent = parent.parentNode
        return inherited


    def _do_document(self, node):
        '''_do_document(self, node) -> None
        Process a document node. documentOrder holds whether the document
        element has been encountered such that PIs/comments can be written
        as specified.'''

        self.documentOrder = _LesserElement
        for child in node.childNodes:
            if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
                self.documentOrder = _Element        # At document element
                self._do_element(child)
                self.documentOrder = _GreaterElement # After document element
            elif child.nodeType == Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE:
                self._do_pi(child)
            elif child.nodeType == Node.COMMENT_NODE:
                self._do_comment(child)
            elif child.nodeType == Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
                pass
            else:
                raise TypeError, str(child)
    handlers[Node.DOCUMENT_NODE] = _do_document


    def _do_text(self, node):
        '''_do_text(self, node) -> None
        Process a text or CDATA node.  Render various special characters
        as their C14N entity representations.'''
        if not _in_subset(self.subset, node): return
        s = string.replace(node.data, "&", "&amp;")
        s = string.replace(s, "<", "&lt;")
        s = string.replace(s, ">", "&gt;")
        s = string.replace(s, "\015", "&#xD;")
        if s: self.write(s)
    handlers[Node.TEXT_NODE] = _do_text
    handlers[Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE] = _do_text


    def _do_pi(self, node):
        '''_do_pi(self, node) -> None
        Process a PI node. Render a leading or trailing #xA if the
        document order of the PI is greater or lesser (respectively)
        than the document element.
        '''
        if not _in_subset(self.subset, node): return
        W = self.write
        if self.documentOrder == _GreaterElement: W('\n')
        W('<?')
        W(node.nodeName)
        s = node.data
        if s:
            W(' ')
            W(s)
        W('?>')
        if self.documentOrder == _LesserElement: W('\n')
    handlers[Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE] = _do_pi


    def _do_comment(self, node):
        '''_do_comment(self, node) -> None
        Process a comment node. Render a leading or trailing #xA if the
        document order of the comment is greater or lesser (respectively)
        than the document element.
        '''
        if not _in_subset(self.subset, node): return
        if self.comments:
            W = self.write
            if self.documentOrder == _GreaterElement: W('\n')
            W('<!--')
            W(node.data)
            W('-->')
            if self.documentOrder == _LesserElement: W('\n')
    handlers[Node.COMMENT_NODE] = _do_comment


    def _do_attr(self, n, value):
        ''''_do_attr(self, node) -> None
        Process an attribute.'''

        W = self.write
        W(' ')
        W(n)
        W('="')
        s = string.replace(value, "&", "&amp;")
        s = string.replace(s, "<", "&lt;")
        s = string.replace(s, '"', '&quot;')
        s = string.replace(s, '\011', '&#x9')
        s = string.replace(s, '\012', '&#xA')
        s = string.replace(s, '\015', '&#xD')
        W(s)
        W('"')


    def _do_element(self, node, initial_other_attrs = [], unused = None):
        '''_do_element(self, node, initial_other_attrs = [], unused = {}) -> None
        Process an element (and its children).'''

        # Get state (from the stack) make local copies.
        #   ns_parent -- NS declarations in parent
        #   ns_rendered -- NS nodes rendered by ancestors
        #        ns_local -- NS declarations relevant to this element
        #   xml_attrs -- Attributes in XML namespace from parent
        #       xml_attrs_local -- Local attributes in XML namespace.
        #   ns_unused_inherited -- not rendered namespaces, used for exclusive 
        ns_parent, ns_rendered, xml_attrs = \
                self.state[0], self.state[1].copy(), self.state[2].copy() #0422
                
        ns_unused_inherited = unused
        if unused is None:
            ns_unused_inherited = self.state[3].copy()
            
        ns_local = ns_parent.copy()
        inclusive = _inclusive(self)
        xml_attrs_local = {}

        # Divide attributes into NS, XML, and others.
        other_attrs = []
        in_subset = _in_subset(self.subset, node)
        for a in initial_other_attrs + _attrs(node):
            if a.namespaceURI == XMLNS.BASE:
                n = a.nodeName
                if n == "xmlns:": n = "xmlns"        # DOM bug workaround
                ns_local[n] = a.nodeValue
            elif a.namespaceURI == XMLNS.XML:
                if inclusive or (in_subset and  _in_subset(self.subset, a)): #020925 Test to see if attribute node in subset
                    xml_attrs_local[a.nodeName] = a #0426
            else:
                if  _in_subset(self.subset, a):     #020925 Test to see if attribute node in subset
                    other_attrs.append(a)
                    
#                # TODO: exclusive, might need to define xmlns:prefix here
#                if not inclusive and a.prefix is not None and not ns_rendered.has_key('xmlns:%s' %a.prefix):
#                    ns_local['xmlns:%s' %a.prefix] = ??

            #add local xml:foo attributes to ancestor's xml:foo attributes
            xml_attrs.update(xml_attrs_local)

        # Render the node
        W, name = self.write, None
        if in_subset: 
            name = node.nodeName
            if not inclusive:
                if node.prefix is not None:
                    prefix = 'xmlns:%s' %node.prefix
                else:
                    prefix = 'xmlns'
                    
                if not ns_rendered.has_key(prefix) and not ns_local.has_key(prefix):
                    if not ns_unused_inherited.has_key(prefix):
                        raise RuntimeError,\
                            'For exclusive c14n, unable to map prefix "%s" in %s' %(
                            prefix, node)
                    
                    ns_local[prefix] = ns_unused_inherited[prefix]
                    del ns_unused_inherited[prefix]
                
            W('<')
            W(name)

            # Create list of NS attributes to render.
            ns_to_render = []
            for n,v in ns_local.items():

                # If default namespace is XMLNS.BASE or empty,
                # and if an ancestor was the same
                if n == "xmlns" and v in [ XMLNS.BASE, '' ] \
                and ns_rendered.get('xmlns') in [ XMLNS.BASE, '', None ]:
                    continue

                # "omit namespace node with local name xml, which defines
                # the xml prefix, if its string value is
                # http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace."
                if n in ["xmlns:xml", "xml"] \
                and v in [ 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace' ]:
                    continue


                # If not previously rendered
                # and it's inclusive  or utilized
                if (n,v) not in ns_rendered.items():
                    if inclusive or _utilized(n, node, other_attrs, self.unsuppressedPrefixes):
                        ns_to_render.append((n, v))
                    elif not inclusive:
                        ns_unused_inherited[n] = v

            # Sort and render the ns, marking what was rendered.
            ns_to_render.sort(_sorter_ns)
            for n,v in ns_to_render:
                self._do_attr(n, v)
                ns_rendered[n]=v    #0417

            # If exclusive or the parent is in the subset, add the local xml attributes
            # Else, add all local and ancestor xml attributes
            # Sort and render the attributes.
            if not inclusive or _in_subset(self.subset,node.parentNode):  #0426
                other_attrs.extend(xml_attrs_local.values())
            else:
                other_attrs.extend(xml_attrs.values())
            other_attrs.sort(_sorter)
            for a in other_attrs:
                self._do_attr(a.nodeName, a.value)
            W('>')

        # Push state, recurse, pop state.
        state, self.state = self.state, (ns_local, ns_rendered, xml_attrs, ns_unused_inherited)
        for c in _children(node):
            _implementation.handlers[c.nodeType](self, c)
        self.state = state

        if name: W('</%s>' % name)
    handlers[Node.ELEMENT_NODE] = _do_element


def Canonicalize(node, output=None, **kw):
    '''Canonicalize(node, output=None, **kw) -> UTF-8

    Canonicalize a DOM document/element node and all descendents.
    Return the text; if output is specified then output.write will
    be called to output the text and None will be returned
    Keyword parameters:
        nsdict: a dictionary of prefix:uri namespace entries
                assumed to exist in the surrounding context
        comments: keep comments if non-zero (default is 0)
        subset: Canonical XML subsetting resulting from XPath
                (default is [])
        unsuppressedPrefixes: do exclusive C14N, and this specifies the
                prefixes that should be inherited.
    '''
    if output:
        apply(_implementation, (node, output.write), kw)
    else:
        s = StringIO.StringIO()
        apply(_implementation, (node, s.write), kw)
        return s.getvalue()