Backport PR #39451: BUG: raise when sort_index with ascending=None

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.2.3.rst

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ Fixed regressions
 - Fixed regression in nullable integer unary ops propagating mask on assignment (:issue:`39943`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.__setitem__` not aligning :class:`DataFrame` on right-hand side for boolean indexer (:issue:`39931`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`~DataFrame.to_json` failing to use ``compression`` with URL-like paths that are internally opened in binary mode or with user-provided file objects that are opened in binary mode (:issue:`39985`)
+- Fixed regression in :meth:`~Series.sort_index` and :meth:`~DataFrame.sort_index`,
+  which exited with an ungraceful error when having kwarg ``ascending=None`` passed (:issue:`39434`).
+  Passing ``ascending=None`` is still considered invalid,
+  and the new error message suggests a proper usage
+  (``ascending`` must be a boolean or a list-like boolean).
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -5482,7 +5482,7 @@ def sort_index(
         self,
         axis=0,
         level=None,
-        ascending: bool = True,
+        ascending: Union[Union[bool, int], Sequence[Union[bool, int]]] = True,
         inplace: bool = False,
         kind: str = "quicksort",
         na_position: str = "last",
@@ -5503,7 +5503,7 @@ def sort_index(
             and 1 identifies the columns.
         level : int or level name or list of ints or list of level names
             If not None, sort on values in specified index level(s).
-        ascending : bool or list of bools, default True
+        ascending : bool or list-like of bools, default True
             Sort ascending vs. descending. When the index is a MultiIndex the
             sort direction can be controlled for each level individually.
         inplace : bool, default False

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 from pandas.errors import AbstractMethodError, InvalidIndexError
 from pandas.util._decorators import doc, rewrite_axis_style_signature
 from pandas.util._validators import (
+    validate_ascending,
     validate_bool_kwarg,
     validate_fillna_kwargs,
     validate_percentile,
@@ -4518,7 +4519,7 @@ def sort_index(
         self,
         axis=0,
         level=None,
-        ascending: bool_t = True,
+        ascending: Union[Union[bool_t, int], Sequence[Union[bool_t, int]]] = True,
         inplace: bool_t = False,
         kind: str = "quicksort",
         na_position: str = "last",
@@ -4529,6 +4530,8 @@ def sort_index(
 
         inplace = validate_bool_kwarg(inplace, "inplace")
         axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
+        ascending = validate_ascending(ascending)
+
         target = self._get_axis(axis)
 
         indexer = get_indexer_indexer(

pandas/core/series.py

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
     Iterable,
     List,
     Optional,
+    Sequence,
     Tuple,
     Type,
     Union,
+    cast,
 )
 import warnings
 
@@ -3065,7 +3067,7 @@ def update(self, other) -> None:
     def sort_values(
         self,
         axis=0,
-        ascending=True,
+        ascending: Union[Union[bool, int], Sequence[Union[bool, int]]] = True,
         inplace: bool = False,
         kind: str = "quicksort",
         na_position: str = "last",
@@ -3083,7 +3085,7 @@ def sort_values(
         axis : {0 or 'index'}, default 0
             Axis to direct sorting. The value 'index' is accepted for
             compatibility with DataFrame.sort_values.
-        ascending : bool, default True
+        ascending : bool or list of bools, default True
             If True, sort values in ascending order, otherwise descending.
         inplace : bool, default False
             If True, perform operation in-place.
@@ -3243,6 +3245,7 @@ def sort_values(
             )
 
         if is_list_like(ascending):
+            ascending = cast(Sequence[Union[bool, int]], ascending)
             if len(ascending) != 1:
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"Length of ascending ({len(ascending)}) must be 1 for Series"
@@ -3257,7 +3260,7 @@ def sort_values(
 
         # GH 35922. Make sorting stable by leveraging nargsort
         values_to_sort = ensure_key_mapped(self, key)._values if key else self._values
-        sorted_index = nargsort(values_to_sort, kind, ascending, na_position)
+        sorted_index = nargsort(values_to_sort, kind, bool(ascending), na_position)
 
         result = self._constructor(
             self._values[sorted_index], index=self.index[sorted_index]
@@ -3275,7 +3278,7 @@ def sort_index(
         self,
         axis=0,
         level=None,
-        ascending: bool = True,
+        ascending: Union[Union[bool, int], Sequence[Union[bool, int]]] = True,
         inplace: bool = False,
         kind: str = "quicksort",
         na_position: str = "last",
@@ -3295,7 +3298,7 @@ def sort_index(
             Axis to direct sorting. This can only be 0 for Series.
         level : int, optional
             If not None, sort on values in specified index level(s).
-        ascending : bool or list of bools, default True
+        ascending : bool or list-like of bools, default True
             Sort ascending vs. descending. When the index is a MultiIndex the
             sort direction can be controlled for each level individually.
         inplace : bool, default False

pandas/core/sorting.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     Iterable,
     List,
     Optional,
+    Sequence,
     Tuple,
     Union,
 )
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@
 def get_indexer_indexer(
     target: "Index",
     level: Union[str, int, List[str], List[int]],
-    ascending: bool,
+    ascending: Union[Sequence[Union[bool, int]], Union[bool, int]],
     kind: str,
     na_position: str,
     sort_remaining: bool,

pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_sort_index.py

@@ -765,6 +765,23 @@ def test_sort_index_with_categories(self, categories):
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ascending",
+        [
+            None,
+            [True, None],
+            [False, "True"],
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_sort_index_ascending_bad_value_raises(self, ascending):
+        # GH 39434
+        df = DataFrame(np.arange(64))
+        length = len(df.index)
+        df.index = [(i - length / 2) % length for i in range(length)]
+        match = 'For argument "ascending" expected type bool'
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
+            df.sort_index(axis=0, ascending=ascending, na_position="first")
+
 
 class TestDataFrameSortIndexKey:
     def test_sort_multi_index_key(self):

pandas/tests/series/methods/test_sort_index.py

@@ -199,6 +199,20 @@ def test_sort_index_ascending_list(self):
         expected = ser.iloc[[0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7]]
         tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "ascending",
+        [
+            None,
+            (True, None),
+            (False, "True"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_sort_index_ascending_bad_value_raises(self, ascending):
+        ser = Series(range(10), index=[0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8, 9])
+        match = 'For argument "ascending" expected type bool'
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
+            ser.sort_index(ascending=ascending)
+
 
 class TestSeriesSortIndexKey:
     def test_sort_index_multiindex_key(self):

pandas/util/_validators.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Module that contains many useful utilities
 for validating data or function arguments
 """
-from typing import Iterable, Union
+from typing import Iterable, Sequence, Union
 import warnings
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -205,9 +205,39 @@ def validate_args_and_kwargs(fname, args, kwargs, max_fname_arg_count, compat_ar
     validate_kwargs(fname, kwargs, compat_args)
 
 
-def validate_bool_kwarg(value, arg_name):
-    """ Ensures that argument passed in arg_name is of type bool. """
-    if not (is_bool(value) or value is None):
+def validate_bool_kwarg(value, arg_name, none_allowed=True, int_allowed=False):
+    """
+    Ensure that argument passed in arg_name can be interpreted as boolean.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : bool
+        Value to be validated.
+    arg_name : str
+        Name of the argument. To be reflected in the error message.
+    none_allowed : bool, default True
+        Whether to consider None to be a valid boolean.
+    int_allowed : bool, default False
+        Whether to consider integer value to be a valid boolean.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value
+        The same value as input.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+        If the value is not a valid boolean.
+    """
+    good_value = is_bool(value)
+    if none_allowed:
+        good_value = good_value or value is None
+
+    if int_allowed:
+        good_value = good_value or isinstance(value, int)
+
+    if not good_value:
         raise ValueError(
             f'For argument "{arg_name}" expected type bool, received '
             f"type {type(value).__name__}."
@@ -381,3 +411,14 @@ def validate_percentile(q: Union[float, Iterable[float]]) -> np.ndarray:
         if not all(0 <= qs <= 1 for qs in q_arr):
             raise ValueError(msg.format(q_arr / 100.0))
     return q_arr
+
+
+def validate_ascending(
+    ascending: Union[Union[bool, int], Sequence[Union[bool, int]]] = True,
+):
+    """Validate ``ascending`` kwargs for ``sort_index`` method."""
+    kwargs = {"none_allowed": False, "int_allowed": True}
+    if not isinstance(ascending, (list, tuple)):
+        return validate_bool_kwarg(ascending, "ascending", **kwargs)
+
+    return [validate_bool_kwarg(item, "ascending", **kwargs) for item in ascending]