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            <title>P. Mil. Vogl. 1 15</title>
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                  <origin>
                     <origPlace>Found: Oxyrhynchos (Oxyrhynchites, Egypt); written: Egypt</origPlace>
                     <origDate notBefore="0300" notAfter="0350">300 - 350</origDate>
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                                   ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2722">Oxyrhynchites</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
                        <placeName type="ancient" ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1524">Oxyrhynchos</placeName>
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               <term>medicine</term>
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               <term type="overview">school text, catechism for medical students</term>
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         <div type="commentary" subtype="frontmatter" xml:space="preserve"><p>Therapeutic catechism with doxographical notes (P.Mil.Vogl. 1.15 + P.Oxy. 80.3235). Three fragments of papyrus codex (side A written along horizontal fibres, side B written against vertical fibres) preserving sections of a question-and-answer catechism (ἐρωταπόκρισις) devoted to acute and chronic diseases (sciatica, elephantiasis, apoplexy in the extant parts). The text is similar to the other examples of such catechisms (on which see <ref target="http://www.papirologia.unipr.it/CPGM/medicalia/vocab/index.php?tema=8">Medicalia Online s.v.</ref>) in its arrangement and layout: each disease is discussed (as to its definition, causes, signs, differences from similar diseases, treatment) under a number of distinct sub-headings in question format, the sequences of which are closely paralleled by Methodist Caelius Aurelianus' treatises <emph rend="italics">On Acute Diseases</emph> and <emph rend="italics">On Chronic Diseases</emph> (5th cent. AD). A striking feature of the text on the papyrus is that, unlikely other catechisms, it includes doxographical sections: for each disease, the section dealing with its causes comprises a list of the differing opinions of earlier medical authors. This feature is paralleled by the treatise <emph rend="italics">On Acute and Chronic Diseases</emph> authored by the so-called Anonymus Parisinus (ca. 2nd cent. AD; cf. <emph rend="italics">Anonymi Medici De Morbis Acutis et Chroniis</emph>, ed. I. Garofalo, Leiden - New York - Köln 1997; for a detailed study of its doxographical sections cf. P.J. van der Eijk, <emph rend="italics">Ancient Histories of Medicine</emph>, Leiden - Boston - Köln 1999, pp. 295-331), while Caelius Aurelianus' doxographical notes are not limited to the aetiological sections and provide personal criticism (cf. van der Eijk 1999 cit., pp. 414-47). The handwriting has been dated to the early decades of the 4th cent. AD on palaeographical grounds (<listBibl><bibl><ref target="http://papyri.info/biblio/63646">Andorlini 1992</ref><biblScope unit="pp">412-3</biblScope></bibl></listBibl>).</p><p><note type="footnote" xml:lang="en">This papyrus has been digitally edited by Nicola Reggiani as part of the Project "DIGMEDTEXT - Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts" (ERC-AdG-2013, Grant Agreement no. 339828) funded by the European Research Council at the University of Parma (Principal Investigator: Prof. Isabella Andorlini). The digital edition is mostly based on the previous editions (ed.pr. = K. Deichgräber, P.Mil.Vogl. I 15 + D. Leith, P.Oxy. LXXX 5235; corr. I. Andorlini, ANRW 2.37.1, 1993, pp. 458-562: p. 516 n. 68; A. Moretti, AnPap 7, 1995, pp. 19-30: p. 22; D. Leith, ZPE 189, 2014, pp. 225-32).</note></p></div>
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<lb n="16"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">δη</supplied><unclear>λ</unclear>ωτικός ἐ<supplied reason="lost">σ</supplied>τι<unclear>ν</unclear> <unclear>τ</unclear>ῆς τοῦ πάθο<supplied reason="lost">υς</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="17"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>λ</unclear>γειν τού<supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>ου τοῦ ὀ<unclear>νόματ</unclear>ος ἐ<supplied reason="lost">πι</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="18"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>ν</unclear>ηθέντος περὶ τοῖς<hi rend="diaeresis"> </hi>ἰσχ<unclear>ίοις</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="19"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/>νους γλε<supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied>σχρῶν  ὄντων <unclear>τ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="20"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>συνεδρεύειν ἐπὶ τοῦ πάθο<supplied reason="lost">υς</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="21"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>δης αἴσθησις. <g type="diple-obelismene"/> τίς θεραπε<supplied reason="lost">ία;</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="22"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ς τῶν <hi rend="diaeresis">ἰ</hi>σχιαδικῶν <app type="alternative"><lem>τω<unclear>δ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg>τω<unclear>α</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
<lb n="23"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ας <hi rend="asper">ὑ</hi>ποπε<unclear>ι</unclear>πτούσης· εἰ δ’ ἐν<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="24"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">χρο</supplied>νίων παθῶν παρηγορη<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="25"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">π</supplied>λατυστόμος μετ’ <g type="apostrophe"/> <unclear>ἄλλ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="26"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>στα <choice><reg>ἀποσπώντω<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ν</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></reg><orig>ἀποσπώντ<unclear>ο</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></orig></choice>
<lb n="27"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ας τὰς δι<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="28"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ς <app type="alternative"><lem>διαλιμ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg>διὰ λιμ<supplied reason="lost">οῦ</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg><rdg>δι’ <choice><reg>ἀλειμ<supplied reason="lost">μάτων</supplied></reg><orig>ἀλιμ<supplied reason="lost">μάτων</supplied></orig></choice> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg><rdg><choice><reg>διαλειμ<supplied reason="lost">μάτων</supplied></reg><orig>διαλιμ<supplied reason="lost">μάτων</supplied></orig></choice> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
<lb n="29"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>λλους σικ<supplied reason="lost">υ</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="30"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ες ειδ<unclear>ε</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="31"/><app type="alternative"><lem><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>δ</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="4" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear>α</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="4" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
<lb n="32"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">ο</supplied>δυ<unclear>νω</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="27" unit="character" precision="low"/>ται η δια<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="27" unit="character" precision="low"/> <app type="alternative"><lem>ἀσχέτως</lem><rdg><supplied reason="lost">ἀκατ</supplied>ασχέτως<certainty match=".." locus="value"/></rdg></app> 
<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="27" unit="character" precision="low"/>αι αὐτοῖς
<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="27" unit="character" precision="low"/>ων ἀμπ<unclear>ε</unclear>
<lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">λ</supplied> <gap reason="lost" quantity="26" unit="character" precision="low"/> ὀξυκρα
<lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied> <gap reason="lost" quantity="26" unit="character" precision="low"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> καὶ ταυτ<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="2"/>ὅταν ε<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3"/>του πα<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="4"/>νεῦρα <unclear>τ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<milestone rend="diple-obelismene" unit="undefined"/>
<lb n="5"/><app type="alternative"><lem>τ<supplied reason="lost">ί</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg>τ<supplied reason="lost">ίς</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
<lb n="6"/>συνε<unclear>ρ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="7"/>συνο<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>εις τὸ <app type="alternative"><lem>α<unclear>υ</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg>α<unclear>ὐ</unclear><supplied reason="lost" cert="low">τὸ</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></rdg></app>
<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>α</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ρο<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
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<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ειν η <unclear>π</unclear><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>θεμεν<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ράζοντος <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
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         <div type="commentary" subtype="linebyline">
            <list>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb2" xml:space="preserve"><ref>1-17</ref> <p>Final part of the section dealing with elephantiasis: the causes (αἰτίαν, l. 5) also according to the Methodists' opinions (κατὰ δὲ τοὺς Μεθοδικοὺς, l. 7), the treatment (ll. 9ff.).</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb8" xml:space="preserve"><ref>7-8</ref> <p>The mention of the Methodists in the aetiological section (see also ll. 14-15 of the reverse side) is striking, since they were well known for considering causes therapeutically irrelevant (cf. P.J. van der Eijk, <emph rend="italics">Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity</emph>, Cambridge 2005, pp. 311-5). This reference might show some affinities with a definition of "affection" (πάθος) attributed by Galen (<emph rend="italics">MM</emph> 1.7 = 10.54 K) to Methodist physician Olympicus (fl. ca. 100 AD), containing the sequence <emph rend="bold">κατὰ φύσιν εἰς τὸ</emph>: "the affection is a change <emph rend="bold">from the natural to the</emph> unnatural, which is persistent".</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb19" xml:space="preserve"><ref>18</ref> <p>Here starts the section dealing with apoplexia, with the question about its definition. The section goes through the remaining part of the page (causes) and the first 6 lines of the back side (therapy). The supplements up to l. 25 are provided <emph rend="italics">exempli gratia</emph> by Leith 2014 also on the basis of Caelius Aurelianus' passages.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div1-lb24" xml:space="preserve"><ref>21</ref> <p>On the cause of apoplexy, the view of the physician Asclepiades of Bithynia (late 2nd - early 1st cent. BC) is reported. According to him, health and disease depended on the movement of invisible particles (ὄγκοι) that obstruct different parts of the body. The papyrus text states that the cause of apoplexy is a blockage of the imperceptible corpuscles in the imperceptible pores of certain nerves.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div2-lb8" xml:space="preserve"><ref>7</ref> <p>Here starts the section dealing with sciatica, with the question about its definition.</p></item>
               <item corresp="#div1-div2-lb10" xml:space="preserve"><ref>9-15</ref> <p>Aetiology of sciatica with doxographical notes: the view of the "ancients" ("phlegmatic and acrid humours in the muscles around the loins": ll. 9-12, cf. Anon.Paris. <emph rend="italics">Morb.Ac. et Chr.</emph> 49,1 = p. 246,7-8 Garofalo) is followed by Asclepiades' theory ("the cohesive cause is obstruction of the corpuscles intelligible to reason in the psoas muscles": ll. 12-14). The Methodists are reported (ll. 14-15) probably only to state that they considered causes irrelevant, in consideration of the short space on the papyrus.</p></item>
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               <bibl type="printed">Proc. XXth Congr., pl.30</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">Anal. Pap. 7 (1995), p.22</bibl>
               <bibl type="printed">ZPE 189 (2014), p. 226</bibl>
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