64505.xml

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            <title>Medical prescriptions</title>
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            <authority>Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri</authority>
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            © Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri. This work is licensed under a
            <ref type="license" target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</ref>
            .
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                  <idno type="invNo">Oxford, Ashmolean Museum Bodl. Gr. Inscr. 2549</idno>
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                        <support>
                           <material>pottery</material>
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                           <p>pottery sheet</p>
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                  <origin>
                     <origPlace>Fundort: Dios Polis (Peri Thebas, Egypt); Schreibort: Dios Polis (Peri Thebas, Egypt)</origPlace>
                     <origDate notBefore="0301" notAfter="0400" cert="low" precision="low">IV (?)</origDate>
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                                   ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1690">Peri Thebas</placeName>
                        <placeName n="2" type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
                        <placeName n="3"
                                   type="ancient"
                                   ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/576 https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/786017">Dios Polis</placeName>
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                        <placeName n="1"
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                                   subtype="nome"
                                   ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1690">Peri Thebas</placeName>
                        <placeName n="2" type="ancient" subtype="region">Egypt</placeName>
                        <placeName n="3"
                                   type="ancient"
                                   ref="https://www.trismegistos.org/place/576 https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/786017">Dios Polis</placeName>
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               <term n="1" type="culture">science</term>
               <term n="2" type="culture">medicine</term>
               <term n="3">prescriptions</term>
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            <language ident="grc">Greek</language>
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          <change when="2022-06-06T13:17:58-04:00"
                 who="http://papyri.info/editor/users/james.cowey">Finalized - Ready.</change>
          <change when="2022-06-06T13:17:58-04:00"
                 who="http://papyri.info/editor/users/james.cowey">Finalized - Ready.</change>
          <change when="2022-06-06T12:58:49-04:00"
                 who="http://papyri.info/editor/users/james.cowey">Vote - Accept-Straight-to-Finalization - Fine</change>
          <change when="2022-06-06T12:58:49-04:00"
                 who="http://papyri.info/editor/users/james.cowey">Vote - Accept-Straight-to-Finalization - Fine</change>
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        <p>
          Medical recipe (Ο.Βodl. II 2188) written on the back of an
          <emph rend="italics">ostrakon</emph>
          . The ingredients (calamine, opium, tragacanth, aloe) point to an eye-salve. The heading of the recipe occupied ll. 2-4, where the terms λευκώματα and σταφυλώματα (see Medicalia Online
          <emph rend="italics">s.v.</emph>
          <ref target="http://www.papirologia.unipr.it/CPGM/medicalia/vocab/index.php?tema=21">σταφύλωμα</ref>
          ) can be restored. The front preserves traces of a documentary text, likely an household account or a cooking recipe.
        </p>
        <p>
          <note type="footnote" xml:lang="en">This papyrus has been digitally edited by Isabella Bonati, with former contributions by Giulia Saccani, as part of the Project "DIGMEDTEXT - Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts" (ERC-AdG-2013, Grant Agreement no. 339828) funded by the European Research Council at the University of Parma (Principal Investigator: Prof. Isabella Andorlini). The digital edition is mostly based on the previous editions (ed.pr. = C. Préaux, O.Bodl. II 2188v; ed.alt. = C. Préaux, CE 31, 1956, pp. 146-8). Revised by Nicola Reggiani in the framework of the PRIN 2017 Project "Greek and Latin Literary Papyri from Graeco-Roman and Late Antique Fayum (4th BC – 7th AD): Texts, Contexts, Readers" funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (P.I. Prof. Lucio Del Corso, University of Cassino; Local Research Unit at the University of Parma, coordinator: Prof. Nicola Reggiani).</note>
        </p>
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<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <app type="alternative"><lem><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>
<lb n="2"/><unclear>φα</unclear>ρος</lem><rdg><choice><reg><supplied reason="lost">βλέ</supplied> <lb n="2" break="no" xml:id="div1-lb4"/>φαρα</reg><orig><supplied reason="lost">βλέ</supplied> <lb n="2" break="no"/><unclear>φα</unclear>ρος</orig></choice></rdg></app> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3" xml:id="div1-lb6"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>ς</unclear> <app type="editorial"><lem><app type="alternative"><lem>λευκο<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></lem><rdg><choice><reg>λευκώματα</reg><orig>λευκό<unclear>μ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ατα</supplied></orig></choice></rdg></app></lem><rdg>λευκο<unclear>ῦ</unclear></rdg></app><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="4" xml:id="div1-lb7"/><app type="editorial"><lem><app type="alternative"><lem><supplied reason="lost">σ</supplied>ταφυλω<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem><rdg><choice><reg>σταφυλώματα</reg><orig><supplied reason="lost">σ</supplied>ταφυλώ<supplied reason="lost">ματα</supplied></orig></choice></rdg></app></lem><rdg><app type="alternative"><lem>σταφυλῶ<supplied reason="lost">ν</supplied></lem><rdg>σταφυλί<supplied reason="lost">νου</supplied></rdg></app></rdg></app>
<lb n="5" xml:id="div1-lb8"/><supplied reason="lost">κ</supplied>αδμίας <expan><ex>δραχμ </ex></expan> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="6" xml:id="div1-lb9"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>ηου <expan><ex>δραχμὰς</ex></expan> <num value="20">κ</num> ὀπί<supplied reason="lost">ου</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="7" xml:id="div1-lb10"/><supplied reason="lost">τρ</supplied>αγακάνθ<supplied reason="lost">ης</supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
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               <item corresp="#div1-lb4" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>2</ref>
            <p>
              Poss. a
              <emph rend="italics">collyrion</emph>
              (πρὸς) βλέφαρα, for rough eyelids? Cf.
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/63789">GMP II 5</ref>
              .2.14-5.
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb6" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>3</ref>
            <p>
              <emph rend="italics">Leukoma</emph>
              is an eye disease consisting of opaque white spots on the cornea, cf.
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/63458">PSI X1180</ref>
              b.2.1-4.
              <emph rend="italics">Collyria</emph>
              against
              <emph rend="italics">leukomata</emph>
              are cited in
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/63709">P.Strasb. inv. G 90</ref>
              .10. Defects of the eye were very common among the country people of ancient Egypt, and could have been cured (e.g. ἵνα θεραπευθῇ τὸ λευκωμάτιον, in
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.oxy;31;2601">P.Oxy. XXXI 2601</ref>
              v.1).
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb7" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>4</ref>
            <p>
              The
              <emph rend="italics">staphyloma</emph>
              , an abnormal protrusion through a weak point in the eyeball, is described in
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/63709">P.Strasb. inv. G 90</ref>
              .10 and in
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/69028">P.Strasb. inv. G 849</ref>
              (medical catechism on ophthalmology).
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb8" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>5</ref>
            <p>
              For ‘calamine finely crumbled’, zinc oxide, see I. Andorlini,
              <emph rend="italics">πολλὰ ἰατρῶν ἐστι συγγράμματα. Scritti sui papiri e la medicina antica</emph>
              , ed. N. Reggiani, Florence 2017, 40-4.
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb9" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>6</ref>
            <p>
              Latex of the opium poppy is frequently encountered in medicaments of the ancient Mediterranean, prized for its analgesic properties. For its importance in
              <emph rend="italics">kollyria</emph>
              , see the comment of Scrib.Larg.
              <emph rend="italics">Comp</emph>
              . 22 (
              <emph rend="italics">opium ... in omni collyrio verum adicere oportet</emph>
              ); for a more discursive account, see J. Scarborough,
              <emph rend="italics">The Opium Poppy in Hellenistic and Roman Medicine</emph>
              , in
              <emph rend="italics">Drugs and Narcotics in History</emph>
              , eds. R. Porter, M. Teich, Cambridge 1995, 4-23. For
              <emph rend="italics">opium</emph>
              in the papyri, cf.
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/ddbdp/sb;24;15917">SB XXIV 15917</ref>
              .1.3.
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb10" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>7</ref>
            <p>
              For
              <emph rend="italics">Tragacanthae gummi</emph>
              , cf. Dsc.
              <emph rend="italics">MM</emph>
              III 20.2 and
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/ddbdp/sb;24;15917">SB XXIV 15917</ref>
              .1.4.
            </p>
          </item>
               <item corresp="#div1-lb12" xml:space="preserve">
            <ref>9</ref>
            <p>
              Bitter aloes (
              <emph rend="italics">Aloe vera</emph>
              L.) is a plant of
              <emph rend="italics">Liliaceae</emph>
              . The perfumed wood of aloes yields a volatile oil and decays into a resin used in making incense and applied as a topical substance in skin care products. The dried plant juice of various species of aloes was recommended by ancient pharmacologists for its astringent properties – it is rich in tannin, and therefore good for staunching wounds. For
              <emph rend="italics">aloe</emph>
              cf.
              <listBibl>
                <bibl>
                  <ref target="http://papyri.info/biblio/41878">Préaux 1956</ref>
                </bibl>
              </listBibl>
              , 147;
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/63458">PSI X 1180</ref>
              f.6;
              <ref target="http://papyri.info/dclp/65526">GMP I 11</ref>
              a.13 (note).
            </p>
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