Convert PhetioDynamicElementContainer and subclasses to TypeScript

[samreid]

For phetsims/center-and-variability#26, we would like PhetioGroup in particular to be in TypeScript. I'll take a look. Also noting that converting common code to TypeScript is one of my 2022 Q1 goals.

[samreid]

This also benefited from converting Emitter and Action to TS. I followed precedent in TinyEmitter, and that worked OK. There are several TODOs, any and ts-ignore in the PhetioDynamicElementContainer classes, but it's providing much better type support in simulation usage (as tested in CAS). The main issue that should be worked on next is inference of the creation args--right now it is fully explicit and must be specified manually, like this.cardModelGroup = new PhetioGroup<CardModel, CASObject>. I'll commit what I have since type checking is passing and aqua seems reasonable.

[samreid]

@jonathanolson and I did a mini-review and we think the scenery changes are good. We also think the array pattern from TinyEmitter will work for the PhetioGroup and related classes.

[zepumph]

I have some of these next steps in my working copy. Commits coming soon.

[zepumph]

The majority of this work is as follows:

• Update PhetioDynamicElementContainer to recent standards (remove @public/private/returns jsdoc, optionize options pattern, etc)
• Support this.archetype sometimes being null. The involved creating a getter that asserts that it is null. Many usages of defaultArguments needed to change to have a closure to ensure things existed by then. I'd call that a fair few bug fixes!
• I typed out PhetioObjectMetadata which was a bit of a mess, but will help us greatly when we move into core PhET-iO modules to convert them to TypeScript.
• phetioEventMetdata has a more specific option type.

@samreid, Can you take a look and see if you see more to do in PhetioDynamicElementContainers and PhetioObject?

[samreid]

@marlitas and I made improvements in the commit, but ran into one problem with phetioDynamicElementName. @zepumph can you please review the TODO and ts-ignore and recommend how to proceed? It is about needing multiple optionize calls since one optionize uses the results of other optionize. (Or maybe we can find a way to do it all in the one optionize).