TOC-tidb-cloud.md

• Docs Home
• About TiDB Cloud
  • Why TiDB Cloud
  • Architecture
  • High Availability
  • MySQL Compatibility
  • Roadmap
• Get Started
  • Try Out TiDB Cloud
  • Try Out HTAP
  • Perform a PoC
• Develop Applications
  • Overview
  • Quick Start
    • Build a TiDB Cluster in TiDB Cloud (Serverless Tier)
    • CRUD SQL in TiDB
  • Example Applications
    • Golang
    • Java (Spring Boot)
    • Java
    • Python
  • Connect to TiDB
    • Choose Driver or ORM
    • Connection Pools and Connection Parameters
  • Design Database Schema
    • Overview
    • Create a Database
    • Create a Table
    • Create a Secondary Index
  • Write Data
    • Insert Data
    • Update Data
    • Delete Data
    • Prepared Statements
  • Read Data
    • Query Data from a Single Table
    • Multi-Table Join Queries
    • Subquery
    • Paginate Results
    • Views
    • Temporary Tables
    • Common Table Expression
    • Read Replica Data
      • Follower Read
      • Stale Read
    • HTAP Queries
  • Transaction
    • Overview
    • Optimistic and Pessimistic Transactions
    • Transaction Restraints
    • Handle Transaction Errors
  • Optimize
    • Overview
    • SQL Performance Tuning
    • Best Practices for Performance Tuning
    • Best Practices for Indexing
    • Other Optimization Methods
      • Avoid Implicit Type Conversions
      • Unique Serial Number Generation
  • Troubleshoot
    • SQL or Transaction Issues
    • Unstable Result Set
    • Timeouts
  • Reference
    • Bookshop Example Application
    • Guidelines
      • Object Naming Convention
      • SQL Development Specifications
  • Cloud Native Development Environment
    • Gitpod
  • Third-Party Support
    • Third-Party Tools Supported by TiDB
    • Known Incompatibility Issues with Third-Party Tools
• Manage Cluster
  • Plan Your Cluster
    • Select Your Cluster Tier
    • Determine Your TiDB Size
    • TiDB Cloud Performance Reference
  • Create a TiDB Cluster
  • Connect to Your TiDB Cluster
    • Connection Method Overview
    • Connect via Standard Connection
    • Connect via Private Endpoint
    • Connect via VPC Peering
    • Connect via SQL Shell
  • Use an HTAP Cluster with TiFlash
    • TiFlash Overview
    • Create TiFlash Replicas
    • Read Data from TiFlash
    • Use MPP Mode
    • Supported Push-down Calculations
    • Compatibility
  • Scale a TiDB Cluster
  • Pause or Resume a TiDB Cluster
  • Upgrade a TiDB Cluster
  • Delete a TiDB Cluster
• Migrate or Import Data
  • Overview
  • Migrate Data into TiDB Cloud
    • Migrate from MySQL-Compatible Databases Using Data Migration
    • Migrate and Merge MySQL Shards of Large Datasets
    • Migrate from On-Premises TiDB to TiDB Cloud
    • Migrate from MySQL-Compatible Databases Using AWS DMS
    • Migrate from Amazon RDS for Oracle Using AWS DMS
  • Import Data into TiDB Cloud
    • Import Local Files
    • Import Sample Data (SQL File)
    • Import CSV Files from Amazon S3 or GCS
    • Import Apache Parquet Files from Amazon S3 or GCS
  • Export Data from TiDB
  • Reference
    • Configure Amazon S3 Access and GCS Access
    • Naming Conventions for Data Import
    • CSV Configurations for Importing Data
    • Troubleshoot Access Denied Errors during Data Import from Amazon S3
• Explore Data
  • Chat2Query (Beta)
• Stream Data
  • Changefeed Overview
  • To MySQL Sink
  • To Kafka Sink
• Back Up and Restore
  • Automatic Backup
  • Manual Backup
  • Restore
• Monitor and Alert
  • Overview
  • Built-in Monitoring
  • Built-in Alerting
  • Third-Party Monitoring Integrations
• Tune Performance
  • Overview
  • Analyze Performance
    • Use the Diagnosis Tab
    • Use Statement Summary Tables
  • SQL Tuning
    • Overview
    • Understanding the Query Execution Plan
      • Overview
      • EXPLAIN Walkthrough
      • Indexes
      • Joins
      • MPP Queries
      • Subqueries
      • Aggregation
      • Views
      • Partitions
    • SQL Optimization Process
      • Overview
      • Logic Optimization
        • Overview
        • Subquery Related Optimizations
        • Column Pruning
        • Decorrelation of Correlated Subquery
        • Eliminate Max/Min
        • Predicates Push Down
        • Partition Pruning
        • TopN and Limit Push Down
        • Join Reorder
      • Physical Optimization
        • Overview
        • Index Selection
        • Statistics
        • Wrong Index Solution
        • Distinct Optimization
        • Cost Model
      • Prepare Execution Plan Cache
    • Control Execution Plans
      • Overview
      • Optimizer Hints
      • SQL Plan Management
      • The Blocklist of Optimization Rules and Expression Pushdown
  • TiKV Follower Read
  • Coprocessor Cache
  • Garbage Collection (GC)
    • Overview
    • Configuration
  • Tune TiFlash Performance
• Security
  • Identity Access Control
    • Password Authentication
    • SSO Authentication
    • Identity Access Management
  • Network Access Control
    • Configure an IP Access List
    • Connect via Private Endpoint
    • Connect via VPC Peering
    • TLS Connections to Serverless Tier
    • TLS Connections to Dedicated Tier
  • Database Access Control
    • Configure Cluster Security Settings
  • Audit Management
    • Database Audit Logging
    • Console Audit Logging
• Billing
  • Invoices
  • Billing Details
  • Credits
  • Payment Method Setting
  • Billing from AWS or GCP Marketplace
  • Billing for Changefeeed
  • Billing for Data Migration
• API
  • API Overview
  • API Reference
• Integrations
  • Airbyte
  • Amazon AppFlow
  • Cloudflare
  • Datadog
  • dbt
  • n8n
  • Netlify
  • Prometheus and Grafana
  • ProxySQL
  • Terraform
    • Terraform Integration Overview
    • Get TiDB Cloud Terraform Provider
    • Use Cluster Resource
    • Use Backup Resource
    • Use Restore Resource
  • Vercel
  • Zapier
• Reference
  • TiDB Cluster Architecture
    • Overview
    • Storage
    • Computing
    • Scheduling
  • TiDB Cloud Cluster Limits and Quotas
  • TiDB Limitations
  • SQL
    • Explore SQL with TiDB
    • SQL Language Structure and Syntax
      • Attributes
        • AUTO_INCREMENT
        • AUTO_RANDOM
        • SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS
      • Literal Values
      • Schema Object Names
      • Keywords and Reserved Words
      • User-Defined Variables
      • Expression Syntax
      • Comment Syntax
    • SQL Statements
      • ADD COLUMN
      • ADD INDEX
      • ADMIN
      • ADMIN CANCEL DDL
      • ADMIN CHECKSUM TABLE
      • ADMIN CHECK [TABLE|INDEX]
      • ADMIN SHOW DDL [JOBS|JOB QUERIES]
      • ALTER DATABASE
      • ALTER INDEX
      • ALTER TABLE
      • ALTER TABLE COMPACT
      • ALTER USER
      • ANALYZE TABLE
      • BATCH
      • BEGIN
      • CHANGE COLUMN
      • COMMIT
      • CHANGE DRAINER
      • CHANGE PUMP
      • CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING
      • CREATE DATABASE
      • CREATE INDEX
      • CREATE ROLE
      • CREATE SEQUENCE
      • CREATE TABLE LIKE
      • CREATE TABLE
      • CREATE USER
      • CREATE VIEW
      • DEALLOCATE
      • DELETE
      • DESC
      • DESCRIBE
      • DO
      • DROP [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING
      • DROP COLUMN
      • DROP DATABASE
      • DROP INDEX
      • DROP ROLE
      • DROP SEQUENCE
      • DROP STATS
      • DROP TABLE
      • DROP USER
      • DROP VIEW
      • EXECUTE
      • EXPLAIN ANALYZE
      • EXPLAIN
      • FLASHBACK TABLE
      • FLUSH PRIVILEGES
      • FLUSH STATUS
      • FLUSH TABLES
      • GRANT <privileges>
      • GRANT <role>
      • INSERT
      • KILL [TIDB]
      • MODIFY COLUMN
      • PREPARE
      • RECOVER TABLE
      • RENAME INDEX
      • RENAME TABLE
      • REPLACE
      • REVOKE <privileges>
      • REVOKE <role>
      • ROLLBACK
      • SELECT
      • SET DEFAULT ROLE
      • SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET]
      • SET PASSWORD
      • SET ROLE
      • SET TRANSACTION
      • SET [GLOBAL|SESSION] <variable>
      • SHOW ANALYZE STATUS
      • SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDINGS
      • SHOW BUILTINS
      • SHOW CHARACTER SET
      • SHOW COLLATION
      • SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM
      • SHOW CREATE SEQUENCE
      • SHOW CREATE TABLE
      • SHOW CREATE USER
      • SHOW DATABASES
      • SHOW DRAINER STATUS
      • SHOW ENGINES
      • SHOW ERRORS
      • SHOW [FULL] FIELDS FROM
      • SHOW GRANTS
      • SHOW INDEX [FROM|IN]
      • SHOW INDEXES [FROM|IN]
      • SHOW KEYS [FROM|IN]
      • SHOW MASTER STATUS
      • SHOW PLUGINS
      • SHOW PRIVILEGES
      • SHOW [FULL] PROCESSSLIST
      • SHOW PROFILES
      • SHOW PUMP STATUS
      • SHOW SCHEMAS
      • SHOW STATS_HEALTHY
      • SHOW STATS_HISTOGRAMS
      • SHOW STATS_META
      • SHOW STATUS
      • SHOW TABLE NEXT_ROW_ID
      • SHOW TABLE REGIONS
      • SHOW TABLE STATUS
      • SHOW [FULL] TABLES
      • SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] VARIABLES
      • SHOW WARNINGS
      • SHUTDOWN
      • SPLIT REGION
      • START TRANSACTION
      • TABLE
      • TRACE
      • TRUNCATE
      • UPDATE
      • USE
      • WITH
    • Data Types
      • Overview
      • Default Values
      • Numeric Types
      • Date and Time Types
      • String Types
      • JSON Type
    • Functions and Operators
      • Overview
      • Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
      • Operators
      • Control Flow Functions
      • String Functions
      • Numeric Functions and Operators
      • Date and Time Functions
      • Bit Functions and Operators
      • Cast Functions and Operators
      • Encryption and Compression Functions
      • Locking Functions
      • Information Functions
      • JSON Functions
      • Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions
      • Window Functions
      • Miscellaneous Functions
      • Precision Math
      • Set Operations
      • List of Expressions for Pushdown
      • TiDB Specific Functions
    • Clustered Indexes
    • Constraints
    • Generated Columns
    • SQL Mode
    • Table Attributes
    • Transactions
      • Overview
      • Isolation Levels
      • Optimistic Transactions
      • Pessimistic Transactions
      • Non-Transactional DML Statements
    • Views
    • Partitioning
    • Temporary Tables
    • Cached Tables
    • Character Set and Collation
      • Overview
      • GBK
    • Read Historical Data
      • Use Stale Read (Recommended)
        • Usage Scenarios of Stale Read
        • Perform Stale Read Using As OF TIMESTAMP
        • Perform Stale Read Using tidb_read_staleness
      • Use the tidb_snapshot System Variable
    • System Tables
      • mysql
      • INFORMATION_SCHEMA
        • Overview
        • ANALYZE_STATUS
        • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_HOST
        • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_USER
        • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_GLOBAL
        • CHARACTER_SETS
        • CLUSTER_INFO
        • COLLATIONS
        • COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
        • COLUMNS
        • DATA_LOCK_WAITS
        • DDL_JOBS
        • DEADLOCKS
        • ENGINES
        • KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
        • PARTITIONS
        • PROCESSLIST
        • REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
        • SCHEMATA
        • SEQUENCES
        • SESSION_VARIABLES
        • SLOW_QUERY
        • STATISTICS
        • TABLES
        • TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
        • TABLE_STORAGE_STATS
        • TIDB_HOT_REGIONS_HISTORY
        • TIDB_INDEXES
        • TIDB_SERVERS_INFO
        • TIDB_TRX
        • TIFLASH_REPLICA
        • TIKV_REGION_PEERS
        • TIKV_REGION_STATUS
        • TIKV_STORE_STATUS
        • USER_PRIVILEGES
        • VIEWS
  • System Variables
  • Storage Engines
    • TiKV
      • TiKV Overview
      • RocksDB Overview
    • TiFlash
      • TiFlash Overview
  • Dumpling
  • Table Filter
  • Troubleshoot Inconsistency Between Data and Indexes
  • Serverless Tier Limitations
• FAQs
  • TiDB Cloud FAQs
  • Serverless Tier FAQs
• Release Notes
  • 2023
  • 2022
  • 2021
  • 2020
• Support
• Glossary