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CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING
Use of CREATE BINDING in TiDB database.

CREATE [GLOBAL|SESSION] BINDING

This statement creates a new execution plan binding in TiDB. Binding can be used to inject a hint into a statement without requiring changes to the underlying query.

A BINDING can be on either a GLOBAL or SESSION basis. The default is SESSION.

The bound SQL statement is parameterized and stored in the system table. When a SQL query is processed, as long as the parameterized SQL statement and a bound one in the system table are consistent and the system variable tidb_use_plan_baselines is set to ON (default), the corresponding optimizer hint is available. If multiple execution plans are available, the optimizer chooses to bind the plan with the least cost.

Synopsis

CreateBindingStmt ::=
    'CREATE' GlobalScope 'BINDING' 'FOR' BindableStmt 'USING' BindableStmt

GlobalScope ::=
    ( 'GLOBAL' | 'SESSION' )?

BindableStmt ::=
    ( SelectStmt | UpdateStmt | InsertIntoStmt | ReplaceIntoStmt | DeleteStmt )

Examples

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (
    ->  id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
    ->  b INT NOT NULL,
    ->  pad VARBINARY(255),
    ->  INDEX(b)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM dual;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (1.74 sec)
Records: 100000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.15 sec)
Records: 100000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT NULL, FLOOR(RAND()*1000), RANDOM_BYTES(255) FROM t1 a JOIN t1 b JOIN t1 c LIMIT 100000;
Query OK, 100000 rows affected (2.64 sec)
Records: 100000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT SLEEP(1);
+----------+
| SLEEP(1) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.00 sec)

mysql> ANALYZE TABLE t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.33 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| id                            | estRows | actRows | task      | access object        | execution info                                                            | operator info                     | memory         | disk |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| IndexLookUp_10                | 583.00  | 297     | root      |                      | time:10.545072ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:398.359µs, proc keys:297  |                                   | 109.1484375 KB | N/A  |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build)     | 583.00  | 297     | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4                                                          | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A            | N/A  |
| └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe)     | 583.00  | 297     | cop[tikv] | table:t1             | time:12ms, loops:4                                                        | keep order:false                  | N/A            | N/A  |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> CREATE SESSION BINDING FOR
    ->  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123
    -> USING
    ->  SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
| id                      | estRows   | actRows | task      | access object | execution info                                                                 | operator info      | memory        | disk |
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
| TableReader_7           | 583.00    | 297     | root      |               | time:222.32506ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:222.078952ms, proc keys:301010 | data:Selection_6   | 88.6640625 KB | N/A  |
| └─Selection_6           | 583.00    | 297     | cop[tikv] |               | time:224ms, loops:298                                                          | eq(test.t1.b, 123) | N/A           | N/A  |
|   └─TableFullScan_5     | 301010.00 | 301010  | cop[tikv] | table:t1      | time:220ms, loops:298                                                          | keep order:false   | N/A           | N/A  |
+-------------------------+-----------+---------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.22 sec)

mysql> SHOW SESSION BINDINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Original_sql: select * from t1 where b = ?
    Bind_sql: SELECT * FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX (b) WHERE b = 123
  Default_db: test
      Status: using
 Create_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456
 Update_time: 2020-05-22 14:38:03.456
     Charset: utf8mb4
   Collation: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DROP SESSION BINDING FOR SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b = 123;
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| id                            | estRows | actRows | task      | access object        | execution info                                                          | operator info                     | memory         | disk |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
| IndexLookUp_10                | 583.00  | 297     | root      |                      | time:5.31206ms, loops:2, rpc num: 1, rpc time:665.927µs, proc keys:297  |                                   | 109.1484375 KB | N/A  |
| ├─IndexRangeScan_8(Build)     | 583.00  | 297     | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:b(b) | time:0s, loops:4                                                        | range:[123,123], keep order:false | N/A            | N/A  |
| └─TableRowIDScan_9(Probe)     | 583.00  | 297     | cop[tikv] | table:t1             | time:0s, loops:4                                                        | keep order:false                  | N/A            | N/A  |
+-------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL compatibility

This statement is a TiDB extension to MySQL syntax.

See also