GPT-4-ENEM

*** Most of the code in this repository has been adapted from Language Model Evaluation Harness. ***

Introduction

This repository contains code and data used in the following papers:

• Evaluating GPT-4's Vision Capabilities on Brazilian University Admission Exams.
• Evaluating GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 Models on Brazilian University Admission Exams.

This most recent study presents a comprehensive framework to evaluate language models on entrance exams, which incorporates both textual and visual elements. We evaluate the two most recent editions of Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), the main standardized entrance examination adopted by Brazilian universities.

Our study not only reaffirms the capabilities of GPT-4 as the state of the art for handling complex multidisciplinary questions, but also pioneers in offering a realistic assessment of multimodal language models on Portuguese examinations.

One of the highlights is that text captions transcribing visual content outperform the direct use of images, suggesting that the vision model has room for improvement. Yet, despite improvements afforded by images or captions, mathematical questions remain a challenge for these state-of-the-art models.

Significant improvements are noticeable when incorporating either textual or visual representations of images, with the difference nearing 10 points, particularly when utilizing captions.

Area	ENEM 2022			ENEM 2023
	without images	with images	with captions	without images	with images	with captions
Languages and Codes	73.33	82.22	84.44	84.44	86.67	91.11
Human Sciences	88.89	95.56	95.56	95.56	100.00	100.00
Natural Sciences	73.33	77.78	82.22	86.67	91.11	93.33
Mathematics	54.55	61.36	61.36	54.55	65.91	75.00
Total	72.63	79.33	81.01	80.45	86.03	89.94

Results of GPT-4V on ENEM 2022 and ENEM 2023, using 3-shot with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompts.

The best-performing model was the GPT-4, that achieved an accuracy of 90.5% on ENEM 2023, using captions, largely surpassing the GPT-3.5 by 17 points

Data

We made available the ENEM 2022 and ENEM 2023 datasets. These datasets encompass all multiple-choice questions from the last two editions. The datasets have been created to allow the evaluation of both textual-only and textual-visual language models. To evaluate textual-only models, we incorporated into the datasets the textual descriptions of the images that appear in the questions' statements from the orange ENEM exam booklet, a particular booklet that offers accessibility to people with visual impairments.

The datasets can also be accessed via the 🤗 Datasets library: https://huggingface.co/datasets/maritaca-ai/enem

The deprecated ENEM 2022 dataset can be found here.

Warning

We do not recommend using the deprecated dataset, since it does not include the image placeholders, image paths, and textual descriptions. Also, the tables are not well-formatted.

Tasks

We have implemented a set of 16 tasks, described below:

Task	Enem edition	Experiment	CoT	Use all the questions
enem_2022_blind	ENEM 2022	without images	No	✔️
enem_cot_2022_blind	ENEM 2022	without images	Yes	✔️
enem_2022_images	ENEM 2022	with images	No	✔️
enem_cot_2022_images	ENEM 2022	with images	Yes	✔️
enem_2022_captions	ENEM 2022	with captions	No	✔️
enem_cot_2022_captions	ENEM 2022	with captions	Yes	✔️
enem_2023_blind	ENEM 2023	without images	No	✔️
enem_cot_2023_blind	ENEM 2023	without images	Yes	✔️
enem_2023_images	ENEM 2023	with images	No	✔️
enem_cot_2023_images	ENEM 2023	with images	Yes	✔️
enem_2023_captions	ENEM 2023	with captions	No	✔️
enem_cot_2023_captions	ENEM 2023	with captions	Yes	✔️
enem	Enem Challenge (2009-2017)	-	No	❌
enem_cot	Enem Challenge (2009-2017)	-	Yes	❌
enem_2022_deprecated	ENEM 2022	-	No	❌
enem_cot_2022_deprecated	ENEM 2022	-	Yes	❌

Reproducing the results

To reproduce the experiments described in the paper, please follow the steps below:

1. Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/piresramon/gpt-4-enem.git

2. Install the required packages:

pip install -e .

3. Set the OPENAI API key:

Visit openai to retrieve API keys and insert into your the env variable.

OPENAI_API_SECRET_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

4. Run the experiments:

To reproduce the results of the Table 1, run the following commands:

# running 3-shot with CoT for GPT-4V on ENEM 2022
python main.py \
    --model chatgpt \
    --model_args engine=gpt-4-vision-preview \
    --tasks enem_cot_2022_blind,enem_cot_2022_images,enem_cot_2022_captions \
    --description_dict_path description.json \
    --num_fewshot 3 \
    --conversation_template chatgpt

# running 3-shot with CoT for GPT-4V on ENEM 2023
python main.py \
    --model chatgpt \
    --model_args engine=gpt-4-vision-preview \
    --tasks enem_cot_2023_blind,enem_cot_2023_images,enem_cot_2023_captions \
    --description_dict_path description.json \
    --num_fewshot 3 \
    --conversation_template chatgpt

To experiment other OpenAI model, just change the engine. The tasks enem_cot_2022_images and enem_cot_2023_images are not supported by text-based models.

It is possible to use a different number of few-shot examples (maximum 3).

Tip

You can experiment any other model available in the 🤗 Transformers library. Just change the model and model_args parameters. It is necessary to disable the parameter conversation_template.

Citation

If you use this code or data in your research, please cite the following papers:

@misc{pires2023evaluating,
      title={Evaluating GPT-4's Vision Capabilities on Brazilian University Admission Exams}, 
      author={Ramon Pires and Thales Sales Almeida and Hugo Abonizio and Rodrigo Nogueira},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2311.14169},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{nunes2023evaluating,
      title={Evaluating GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 Models on Brazilian University Admission Exams}, 
      author={Desnes Nunes and Ricardo Primi and Ramon Pires and Roberto Lotufo and Rodrigo Nogueira},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2303.17003},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}