Parse more strictly integer parameters from connection strings in libpq

The following parameters have been parsed in lossy ways when specified
in a connection string processed by libpq:
- connect_timeout
- keepalives
- keepalives_count
- keepalives_idle
- keepalives_interval
- port

Overflowing values or the presence of incorrect characters were not
properly checked, leading to libpq trying to use such values and fail
with unhelpful error messages.  This commit hardens the parsing of those
parameters so as it is possible to find easily incorrect values.

Author: Fabien Coelho
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.21.1808171206180.20841@lancre

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c

@@ -1587,6 +1587,34 @@ useKeepalives(PGconn *conn)
 	return val != 0 ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse and try to interpret "value" as an integer value, and if successful,
+ * store it in *result, complaining if there is any trailing garbage or an
+ * overflow.
+ */
+static bool
+parse_int_param(const char *value, int *result, PGconn *conn,
+				const char *context)
+{
+	char	   *end;
+	long		numval;
+
+	*result = 0;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	numval = strtol(value, &end, 10);
+	if (errno == 0 && *end == '\0' && numval == (int) numval)
+	{
+		*result = numval;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	appendPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+					  libpq_gettext("invalid integer value \"%s\" for keyword \"%s\"\n"),
+					  value, context);
+	return false;
+}
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 /*
  * Set the keepalive idle timer.
@@ -1599,7 +1627,9 @@ setKeepalivesIdle(PGconn *conn)
 	if (conn->keepalives_idle == NULL)
 		return 1;
 
-	idle = atoi(conn->keepalives_idle);
+	if (!parse_int_param(conn->keepalives_idle, &idle, conn,
+						 "keepalives_idle"))
+		return 0;
 	if (idle < 0)
 		idle = 0;
 
@@ -1631,7 +1661,9 @@ setKeepalivesInterval(PGconn *conn)
 	if (conn->keepalives_interval == NULL)
 		return 1;
 
-	interval = atoi(conn->keepalives_interval);
+	if (!parse_int_param(conn->keepalives_interval, &interval, conn,
+						 "keepalives_interval"))
+		return 0;
 	if (interval < 0)
 		interval = 0;
 
@@ -1664,7 +1696,9 @@ setKeepalivesCount(PGconn *conn)
 	if (conn->keepalives_count == NULL)
 		return 1;
 
-	count = atoi(conn->keepalives_count);
+	if (!parse_int_param(conn->keepalives_count, &count, conn,
+						 "keepalives_count"))
+		return 0;
 	if (count < 0)
 		count = 0;
 
@@ -1698,13 +1732,17 @@ setKeepalivesWin32(PGconn *conn)
 	int			idle = 0;
 	int			interval = 0;
 
-	if (conn->keepalives_idle)
-		idle = atoi(conn->keepalives_idle);
+	if (conn->keepalives_idle &&
+		!parse_int_param(conn->keepalives_idle, &idle, conn,
+						 "keepalives_idle"))
+		return 0;
 	if (idle <= 0)
 		idle = 2 * 60 * 60;		/* 2 hours = default */
 
-	if (conn->keepalives_interval)
-		interval = atoi(conn->keepalives_interval);
+	if (conn->keepalives_interval &&
+		!parse_int_param(conn->keepalives_interval, &interval, conn,
+						 "keepalives_interval"))
+		return 0;
 	if (interval <= 0)
 		interval = 1;			/* 1 second = default */
 
@@ -1831,7 +1869,10 @@ connectDBComplete(PGconn *conn)
 	 */
 	if (conn->connect_timeout != NULL)
 	{
-		timeout = atoi(conn->connect_timeout);
+		if (!parse_int_param(conn->connect_timeout, &timeout, conn,
+							 "connect_timeout"))
+			return 0;
+
 		if (timeout > 0)
 		{
 			/*
@@ -1842,6 +1883,8 @@ connectDBComplete(PGconn *conn)
 			if (timeout < 2)
 				timeout = 2;
 		}
+		else					/* negative means 0 */
+			timeout = 0;
 	}
 
 	for (;;)
@@ -2108,7 +2151,9 @@ PQconnectPoll(PGconn *conn)
 			thisport = DEF_PGPORT;
 		else
 		{
-			thisport = atoi(ch->port);
+			if (!parse_int_param(ch->port, &thisport, conn, "port"))
+				goto error_return;
+
 			if (thisport < 1 || thisport > 65535)
 			{
 				appendPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,