Revision Date : 2023/11/17
This article is Qt 5.15 Cross-Compile and Remote Debug for PinePhone.
I am building a cross compile environment with Qt 5.15.2, 5.15.11 (Mobian) and Qt 5.15.2, 5.15.6, 5.15.8, 5.15.11 (Manjaro ARM).
Here, my Linux PC is SUSE Enterprise 15 and openSUSE 15, my PinePhone is Mobian(Phosh) and Manjaro ARM(Phosh).
When building Qt, please adapt to each user's environment.
If you are using Mobian OS, I think that it is similar to the Cross-Compilation procedure for Raspberry Pi.
Note:
If you want to use the latest GCC AArch64 ToolChain,
you need to build GCC yourself by referring to the URL shown below.
https://github.com/presire/How_to_create_GCC_ToolChain_for_PinePhone.git
It is easy to create and is recommended.
Create a directory for installing Qt libraries on PinePhone.
This directory will be used in the last part of this article.
mkdir -p ~/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2
Get the latest updates on PinePhone.
# Mobian
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo shutdown -r now
# Manjaro
sudo pacman -Syyu
sudo shutdown -r now
Install SSH server on PinePhone.
# Mobian
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
# Manjaro
sudo pacman -S --needed openssh
Configure the SSH Server to start automatically, and start the SSH Server.
# Mobian
sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh
# Manjaro
sudo systemctl enable sshd
sudo systemctl start sshd
Install the dependencies required to build the Qt Library.
# Mobian
sudo apt-get install unzip ccache pkgconf-bin pkg-config libpkgconf3 pkgconf \
build-essential make autoconf cmake extra-cmake-modules gcc gfortran gdb gdbserver python3 libgtk-3-dev \
libc6 libc6-dev linux-libc-dev glibc-source libc-dev-bin libc-devtools libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev-bin \
libgmp-dev libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libisl-dev gconf2 gconf2-common libgconf2-dev \
libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-dev libdbus-c++-bin libdbus-c++-dev libsctp1 libsctp-dev libatspi2.0-0 libatspi2.0-dev \
libzstd1 libzstd-dev libinput-bin libinput-dev libts0 libts-bin libts-dev libmtdev1 libmtdev-dev libevdev2 \
libevdev-dev libicu-dev icu-devtools libblkid1 libblkid-dev libffi8 libffi-dev libmount1 libmount-dev \
libudev1 libudev-dev libhd21 libhd-dev libtsm-dev pcre2-utils libpcre2-32-0 libpcre2-dev libselinux1 libselinux1-dev \
libsepol2 libsepol-dev libwacom9 libwacom-dev libassimp5 libassimp-dev \
libproxy-dev liblttng-ust1 liblttng-ust-common1 liblttng-ust-dev libb2-1 libb2-dev libsdl2-dev \
libfontconfig1 libfontconfig-dev libfontconfig1-dev \
libjpeg-dev libjpeg62-turbo libjpeg62-turbo-dev libjpeg-dev libasound2 libasound2-dev \
sqlite3 libsqlite3-0 libsqlite3-dev libssl3 libssl-dev libnss3 libnss3-dev libxslt1.1 libxslt1-dev \
libpugixml1v5 libpugixml-dev \
libxkbcommon-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libglut3.12 libglut-dev \
libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libwayland-egl1 libwayland-egl++1 libwayland-egl1-mesa libwayland-egl-backend-dev \
libwayland-client++1 libwayland-client-extra++1 libwayland-cursor++1 wayland-scanner++ wayland-protocols waylandpp-dev \
libosmesa6-dev mesa-common-dev libopengl-dev libgl-dev libglm-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgle3-dev libgles-dev \
libgles2-mesa-dev libegl-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgegl-dev libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
libglfw3-dev libglew-dev libglx-dev libgbm-dev libdrm-dev libdirectfb-dev \
libglvnd-dev libglvnd-core-dev libglut-dev libopenal-dev libalut-dev \
libweston-10-0 libweston-10-dev \
linux-headers-arm64 linux-headers-6.1-sunxi64 # May not be necessary
# Manjaro
sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel rsync vi vim util-linux-libs glib2 make cmake unzip pkg-config \
gdb gdb-common gdbm gcc gcc-libs gcc-fortran python2 python3 \
ccache icu lksctp-tools python-atspi zstd libinput libtsm mtdev \
libevdev libffi pcre pcre2 libwacom assimp fontconfig dbus dbus-c++ nss \
libxkbcommon alsa-lib libxinerama pugixml sqlite libxslt openssl ffmpeg \
wayland wayland-utils wayland-protocols egl-wayland waylandpp \
wrapland wlc wayfire glew-wayland glfw-wayland libva1 \
mesa mesa-utils glu libglvnd libb2 lttng-ust libproxy
If you want to use other features, you should also install the following dependencies.
Mobian
-
Bluetooth
bluez bluez-tools libbluetooth-dev -
Photo
libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libmng-dev libwebp-dev -
Codec
libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libavdevice-dev libavfilter-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev
libpostproc-dev libv4l-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev libx265-dev -
Multimedia
libwmf-dev
libgstreamer1.0-0 libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-plugins-base
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad
libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-tools
gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-qt5
libwayland-dev -
ALSA audio
libasound2-dev -
Pulse audio
pulseaudio libpulse-dev -
OpenAL audio
libopenal1 libopenal-data libopenal-dev libsndio7.0 libsndio-dev -
Text to Speech
flite1-dev libspeechd-dev -
Qt SerialPort
libserialport-dev -
Database
ODBC : unixodbc unixodbc-common unixodbc-dev PostgreSQL : libpq-dev
MariaDB : libmariadbclient-dev
SQLite : libsqlite3-dev -
Printer
libcups2-dev -
Accessibility
libatspi2.0-dev -
SCTP
libsctp1 libsctp-dev
(To enable this, add the -sctp option when configuring.)
Manjaro
-
Bluetooth
bluez bluez-tools bluez-libs bluez-utils -
Photo
openjpeg2 libjpeg-turbo libpng libtiff libmng -
Codec
ffmpeg v4l-utils xvidcore x264 x265 -
Multimedia
gstreamer gstreamermm gst-plugins-base gst-plugins-base-libs gst-plugins-good gst-plugins-bad gst-plugins-bad-libs gst-plugins-ugly gst-libav gst-plugin-wpe gst-plugin-pipewire gst-plugin-gtk qt-gstreamer gst-plugin-qmlgl gst-plugin-opencv -
ALSA audio
alsa-lib -
Pulse audio
pulseaudio-alsa -
OpenAL audio
openal -
Text to Speech
flite -
Qt SerialPort
libserialport -
Database
PostgreSQL : postgresql-libs libpqxx
MariaDB : mariadb-clients mariadb-libs
SQLite : sqlite -
Printer
libcups -
Accessibility
at-spi2-core at-spi2-atk -
SCTP
lksctp-tools
(To enable this, add the -sctp option when configuring.) -
Webengine
Required : flex bison gperf readline nss libdrm
Option1 : libxml2 libxml++ libxslt minizip jsoncpp lcms2 libevent protobuf protobuf-c
Option2(Be careful, as it is unstable.) : opus libvpx
Use the rsync command to synchronize the files between Linux PC and PinePhone.
However, some of the files to be synchronized require root privileges.
Therefore, add the following settings to the /etc/sudoers file so that all files can be synchronized even by ordinary users.
With the following settings, the rsync command will be executed with super user privileges if necessary.
echo "$USER ALL=NOPASSWD:$(which rsync)" | sudo tee --append /etc/sudoer
Restart PinePhone just in case.
sudo shutdown -r now
# or
sudo systemctl reboot
# Qt 5.15.2
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/5.15/5.15.2/single/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2.tar.xz
tar xf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.2.tar.gz
# Qt 5.15.6
https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/5.15/5.15.6/single/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.6.tar.xz
tar xf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.15.6.tar.gz
Create the directories needed for the build.
mkdir -p /<Build directory for Qt Souce Code> \
/<System Root PinePhone> \
/<Qt Tool for Linux PC>/bin \
/<Qt Library for PinePhone> \
/<in the future, You develop Qt Software's Directory>
git clone https://github.com/presire/PinePhone_for_Qt_CrossCompile.git
cp -r PinePhone_for_Qt_CrossCompile/linux-pinephone-g++ qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/devices
In the downloaded and copied qmake.conf,
comment DISTRO_OPTS += deb-multi-arch if you want to use Manjaro ARM.
vi qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/devices/linux-pinephone-g++/qmake.conf
# qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/devices/linux-pinephone-g++/qmake.conf file
...
# If you use Manjaro ARM, you need to comment it.
#DISTRO_OPTS += deb-multi-arch
...
First, Install the dependencies required to build the Qt Library for Linux PC.
(Perhaps texinfo is unnecessary.)
sudo zypper install autoconf automake cmake unzip tar git wget pkg-config gperf gcc gcc-c++ \
gawk bison openssl flex figlet pigz ncurses-devel ncurses5-devel texinfo
Next, download or install GCC ToolChain for AArch64.
There are two ways to use the GCC ToolChain for AArch64.
Access the URL shown below to create a GCC ToolChain.
https://github.com/presire/How_to_create_GCC_ToolChain_for_PinePhone
Note :
When building Qt 5.15, the following error occurs when using GCC 11 or later.
However, no modification is required when building Qt 5.15.6.
error: 'numeric_limits' is not a member of 'std' static_cast<quint16>(numbers.size()) : std::numeric_limits<quint16>::max();
error: expected primary-expression before '>' token static_cast<quint16>(numbers.size()) : std::numeric_limits<quint16>::max();
error: '::max' has not been declared; did you mean 'std::max'? static_cast<quint16>(numbers.size()) : std::numeric_limits<quint16>::max();
This is because std::limits has been removed and moved to the limits.h file.
If you are building Qt 5.15.2 using GCC 11 or later,
edit the file "qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/corelib/global/qglobal.h" (Around lines 45-48) as shown below.
vi qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/corelib/global/qglobal.h
// Before Edit
#ifdef __cplusplus
# include <type_traits>
# include <cstddef>
# include <utility>
#endif
// After Edit
#ifdef __cplusplus
# include <type_traits>
# include <cstddef>
# include <utility>
#include <limits> // <- Add a line. (include limits.h file)
#endif
Linaro offers monthly GNU toolchain integration builds that provide users with a snapshot of upstream builds.
These builds allow developers to immediately test the functionality of pre-built binaries upstream.
Download Linaro GCC ARM Toolchain.
(latest) GCC Tool Chain Link : https://snapshots.linaro.org/gnu-toolchain/
GCC Tool Chain 12.3 Link : https://snapshots.linaro.org/gnu-toolchain/12.3-2023.06-1/aarch64-linux-gnu/
(old) GCC Tool Chain 7.5 Link : https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/7.5-2019.12/aarch64-linux-gnu/
tar xf gcc-linaro-<version>-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz
You need to install Meson & Ninja for building Wayland-Scanner.
git clone https://github.com/wayland-project/wayland.git
cd wayland && mkdir build
meson ./build/ --prefix=<Install Directory for Wayland-Scanner> -Ddocumentation=false
ninja -C build/ install
cp /<Install Directory for Wayland-Scanner>/bin/wayland-scanner /<Qt Tool for Linux PC>/bin
It is necessary to synchronize with the root directory of PinePhone, create the system root directory.
mkdir -p ~/<System Root PinePhone> && \
~/<System Root PinePhone>/usr && \
~/<System Root PinePhone>/usr/share
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete --rsh="ssh" <PinePhone's User Name>@<PinePhone's IP Address or Host Name>:/lib ~/<System Root PinePhone>/
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete --rsh="ssh" <PinePhone's User Name>@<PinePhone's IP Address or Host Name>:/usr/lib ~/<System Root PinePhone>/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete --rsh="ssh" <PinePhone's User Name>@<PinePhone's IP Address or Host Name>:/usr/include ~/<System Root PinePhone>/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete --rsh="ssh" <PinePhone's User Name>@<PinePhone's IP Address or Host Name>:/usr/share/pkgconfig ~/<System Root PinePhone>/usr/share
Convert symbolic links of downloaded files and directories from absolute paths to relative paths.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py
./sysroot-relativelinks.py <System Root PinePhone>
Note
When you use GCC 13, QtLocation builds may output build errors as shown below.
error: 'uint8_t' was not declared in this scope
This is because GCC 13 shuffles some internal includes, so cstdint is not included transiently.
To use uint8_t, cstdint must be explicitly included.
// qt-everywhere-src-5.15.XX/qtlocation/src/3rdparty/mapbox-gl-native/include/mbgl/util/string.hpp
// Line 7.
#include <cstdint> // Add
// qt-everywhere-src-5.15.XX/qtlocation/src/3rdparty/mapbox-gl-native/include/mbgl/util/geometry.hpp
// Line 6.
#include <cstdint> // Add
// qt-everywhere-src-5.15.XX/qtlocation/src/3rdparty/mapbox-gl-native/src/mbgl/gl/stencil_mode.hpp
// Line 4.
#include <cstdint> // Add
Build the Qt source code.
export PATH="/<Qt Tool for Linux PC>/bin:$PATH"
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/<System Root PinePhone>/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/<System Root PinePhone>/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig \
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR=/<System Root PinePhone>/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/<System Root>/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:/<System Root>/usr/share/pkgconfig \
../<qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2>/configure -v \
-release \
-opensource -confirm-license \
-opengl es2 \
-qpa wayland \
-device linux-pinephone-g++ \
-device-option CROSS_COMPILE=/<GCC ToolChain Directory>/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu- \
-nomake examples -no-compile-examples -nomake tests -make libs -no-use-gold-linker -recheck-all \
-skip qtwebengine -skip qtandroidextras -skip qtmacextras -skip qtwinextras \
-skip qtscript -skip qtdoc \ (If not required)
-skip qtgamepad -skip qtpurchasing -skip qtcharts -skip qtsensors \ (If not required)
-skip qtlocation -skip qtspeech -skip qtlottie \ (If not required)
-sysroot /<System Root PinePhone> \
-prefix /<in the future, You develop Qt Software's Directory> \
-extprefix /<Qt Library for PinePhone> \
-hostprefix /<Qt Tool for Linux PC> \
#-no-gcc-sysroot # Comment if you use Linaro GCC Toolchain.
# If you have built your own GCC Toolchain, you may need to remove comment.
If the Configure script succeeds, execute the make or gmake command.
make -j $(nproc) or gmake -j $(nproc)
make install or gmake install
Deploy the built Qt library to PinePhone.
rsync -avz --rsh="ssh" --delete /<Above, Qt Library for PinePhone>/* \
<PinePhone's User Name>@<PinePhone's IP Address or Host Name>:/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2
Since the Qt Library you uploaded to PinePhone may have root privileges, execute the following command.
<del>sudo chown -R <PinePhone's User Name>:<PinePhone's Group Name> ~/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2</del>
Add the following content to the bottom line of the .profile.
export QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME="qt5ct"
export DISPLAY=":0" or export DISPLAY=":0.0"
export QML_IMPORT_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/qml"
export QML2_IMPORT_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/qml"
export QT_PLUGIN_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/plugins"
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/plugins/platforms"
export QML_IMPORT_TRACE=1 # (if necessary)
Note:
If you write the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in .profile,
you need to set again the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH again in Qt Creator,
[Project] - [Run] - [Environment] when you use Qt Creator for remote debugging.
# ~/.profile
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/plugins/qmltooling:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
I personally recommend is to create a "00-Qt_5_15_2.conf" file in the /etc/ld.so.conf.d directory,
and write the path as shown below.
# /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-Qt_5_15_2.conf
/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/lib
/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/plugins/qmltooling
Update the .profile or /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-Qt_5_15_2.conf.
# .profile
source .profile
# /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-Qt_5_15_2.conf
sudo ldconfig
Restart PinePhone.
sudo shutdown -r now
Launch Qt Creator.
-
Setting up the Qt compiler Linaro GCC AArh64 Toolchain.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Kits] - [Compiler] -[Add] - [GCC] - [C]
/<Linaro GCC AArch64 Toolchain's Directory>/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Kits] - [Compiler] -[Add] - [GCC] - [C++]
/<Linaro GCC AArch64 Toolchain's Directory>/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ -
Setting up the Qt Debugger Linaro GCC AArh64 Toolchain.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Kits] - [Debugger] -[Add]
/<Linaro GCC AArch64 Toolchain's Directory>/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gdb -
Setting up the Qt Qmake for Qt Cross-Compile.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Kits] - [Qt version] -[Add]
/<Qt Tool for Linux PC's Directory>/bin/qmake -
Setting up the Qt Qmake for Qt Cross-Compile.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Kits] - [Kits] -[Add]
Compiler : The compiler configured above
Debugger : The debugger configured above
Qt version : The Qmake configured above
Qt mkspec : /<Qt Tool for Linux PC's Directory>/mkspecs/devices/linux-pinephone-g++
Sysroot(It can be set or unset) : /<System Root PinePhone> -
Setting Add GDB Start Command.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Debugger] - [GDB]Tab
Additional Startup Commands : set sysroot target:/
Launch Qt Creator and Open or Create Qt Project.
Qt Creator - [Project] - [Run] - [Run Settings] - [Environment] - [Details] - [Add]
then, Click [Fetch Device Environment]Button.
when you run the debugger, Be sure to click on [Fetch Device Environment]Button.
-
Variable - QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME
Value - qt5ct -
Variable : DISPLAY
Value : 0 or Value : 0.0 -
Variable : LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(If you write the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in PinePhone's .profile, you need to set this.)
Value : /home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/lib:/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2/plugins/qmltooling
When debugging, the following error is output.
Failed to create wl_display (No such file or directory)
...
error: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set in the environment
...
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "wayland"
To fix this error,
Qt Creator Side-Menu [Projects] - [Build & Run] - [Run] - [Command line arguments:]entry,
Add the -platform wayland option to the [aaa] entry.
When you debug remote targets, GDB Debugger is looking in the local PinePhone's System-Root directory for the libraries.
So just need to tell GDB Debugger to load the remote PinePhone's System-Root from the remote target.
but, "set sysroot target:/" takes a long time to start debugging,
so writing the following setting will speed up the start of debugging.
First, Create the directories and symbolic links shown below.
mkdir -p /<PinePhone's System-Root Directory>/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware
ln -s /<Qt Library for PinePhone> /<PinePhone's System-Root Directory>/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware
mv /<PinePhone's System-Root Directory>/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/<Qt Library for PinePhone> \
/<PinePhone's System-Root Directory>/home/<PinePhone's User Name>/InstallSoftware/Qt_5_15_2
Next, Write the following settings.
Qt Creator - [Tool] - [Option] - [Debugger] - [GDB]Tab - [Additional Startup Commands]
set sysroot /＜System Root PinePhone＞
When you use GCC AArch64 TooChain 7.5 GDB, the following warning is displayed.
The warning shown below
while parsing target description (at line 68): Vector "v8f" references undefined type "ieee_half"
Could not load XML target description; ignoring
I don't know if this is the right way to do it,
if you use "GDB for the GCC AArch64 ToolChain 10.2", you won't get the warning output.
Download the GCC AArch64 ToolChain 10.2, shown bellow URL.
You need to select "AArch64 GNU/Linux target (aarch64-none-linux-gnu)".
https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-a/downloads
Note :
The best way is to create your own GCC Toolchain for PinePhone.
The URL shown below describes how to create a GCC Toolchain.
https://github.com/presire/How_to_create_GCC_ToolChain_for_PinePhone.git
Make sure you can debug Qt project.