The propbank annotations included in ".prop" files represent the arguments of each verb as a list of locations within a parse tree. However, it is a tradition to convert such annotations to
annotations over surface forms, labeling where each particular argument begins and ends. An example of a CoNLL file (the .gold_conll files that come from mapping the .gold_skel files to their corresponding
treebanks) is shown below:
filename sentence # token # word POS parse "bit" frame file roleset #1(have.01) #13 (lighten_up.02) #5 (use.01) #7(implement.01)
#2(like.02) #4 (expose.01) #6(call.03)
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 0 I PRP (TOP(S(NP*) - - * * * * (ARG0*) * (ARG0*)
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 1 have VBP (VP* have have.01 (V*) * * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 2 price NN (NP(NP* - - * * * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 3 targets NNS *) - - * * * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 4 of IN (PP* - - * * * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 5 where WRB (SBAR(WHADVP*) - - * (ARGM-LOC*) * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 6 I PRP (S(NP*) - - * (ARG0*) (ARG0*) * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 7 would MD (VP* - - * (ARGM-MOD*) * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 8 like VB (VP* liken like.02 * (V*) * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 9 to TO (S(VP* - - * (ARG1* * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 10 lighten VB (VP* lighten lighten_up.02 * * (V* * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 11 up RP (PRT*) - - * * *) * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 12 exposure NN (NP(NP*) expose expose.01 * * (ARG1* (V*) * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 13 to IN (PP* - - * * * (ARG2* * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 14 ENE NNP (NP*)))))))))))) - - * *) *) *) * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 15 and CC * - - * * * * * * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 16 will MD (VP* - - * * * * (ARGM-MOD*) * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 17 use VB (VP* use use.01 * * * * (V*) * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 18 calls NNS (NP*) call call.03 * * * * (ARG1*) (V*) *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 19 to TO (S(VP* - - * * * * (ARG2* * *
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 20 implement VB (VP* implement implement.01 * * * * * * (V*)
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 21 the DT (NP* - - * * * * * * (ARG1*
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 22 stategy NN *))))))) - - * * * * *) * *)
google/ewt/email/00/enronsent00_01.xml 15 23 . . *)) - - * * * * * * *
The first eight columns are static, listing the filename, sentence ID, token index, words, parts of speech, and "parse bit" (the sample from the Treebank) for each term. The "frame file" column
lets you know which ".xml" file contains the actual semantic form for the predicate in question (which is not always the same as the predicate: one must reference "lighten.xml" for lighten_up.02).
The roleset column gives the actual sense used, and that sense provides roleset specific meanings for each of the numbered arguments.
Every column after the eighth is a predicate, in order that they appear in the sentence. Thus the ninth column is for the "have" auxiliary as token #1, the tenth is for "like.02" which is token #8, and so forth. Each column can viewed as a "BIO"-type annotation, where "(ARG1*" marks that that token begins the span of "ARG1", and "*)" marks the end of whatever argument was open at that point in time.
"R-" arguments are arguments that are referencing another argument in the sentence. This has been almost always been WH-phrases such as "who" or "that". Note the "R-A1" in the penultimate column below, marking the "which" in ""which" is to gauge learning progress":
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 0 He PRP (TOP(S(NP(NP*) - - (ARG0* * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 1 and CC * - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 2 other JJ (NP* - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 3 critics NNS *)) - - *) * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 4 say VBP (VP* say say.01 (V*) * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 5 such JJ (SBAR(S(NP* - - (ARG1* (ARG0* * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 6 coaching NN * - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 7 aids NNS *) - - * *) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 8 can MD (VP* - - * (ARGM-MOD*) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 9 defeat VB (VP* defeat defeat.01 * (V*) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 10 the DT (NP(NP(NP* - - * (ARG1* * (ARG1* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 11 purpose NN *) - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 12 of IN (PP* - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 13 standardized JJ (NP* - - * * (ARGM-ADJ*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 14 tests NNS *))) test test.01 * * (V*) *) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 15 , , * - - * * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 16 which WDT (SBAR(WHNP*) - - * * * (R-ARG1*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 17 is VBZ (S(VP* be be.01 * * * (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 18 to TO (S(VP* - - * * * (ARG2* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 19 gauge VB (VP* gauge gauge.01 * * * * (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 20 learning NN (NP* - - * * * * (ARG1*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 21 progress NN *))))))))))))) - - *) *) * *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/00/wsj_0045 11 22 . . *)) - - * * * * *
Our conversion scripts currently define an R-* argument as being a treebank location that has a WH-X treebank label ( as in WHNP, WHPP, or WHADVP) which ALSO participates in a LINK-SLC (relative clause) relationship with another argument. This means that WH-phrases used in questions are not R- arguments, even when they have other discontinuous elements, as in the "ARG2" in the last column below:
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 0 Then RB (TOP(SBARQ(ADVP*) - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 1 , , * - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 2 what WP (WHNP*) - - * (ARG2*)
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 3 will MD (SQ* - - * (ARGM-MOD*)
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 4 the DT (NP* - - * (ARG1*
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 5 three CD (NML* - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 6 - HYPH * - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 7 level NN *) - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 8 Chinese JJ * - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 9 restructured VBN * restructure restructure.01 (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 10 administrative JJ * - - (ARG1* *
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 11 system NN *) - - *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 12 be VB (VP* be be.01 * (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 13 like IN (PP*))) - - * (C-ARG2*)
data/ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/xinhua/02/chtb_0269 3 14 ? . *)) - - * *
Some arguments in Propbank are discontinous spans that all refer to the same argument. This can happen for a number of reasons.
One reason for this is verb-particle constructions, which give us discontinous C-V arguments such as the one for "top it off" below:
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 0 To TO (TOP(S(S(VP* - - * (ARGM-ADV* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 1 top VB (VP* top top.01 (V*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 2 it PRP (NP*) - - (ARG1*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 3 off RP (PRT*)))) - - (C-V*) *) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 4 , , * - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 5 you PRP (NP*) - - (ARG0*) (ARG0*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 6 captioned VBD (VP* caption caption.01 * (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 7 the DT (NP(NP* - - * (ARG1* (ARG0*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 8 graph NN *) - - * * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 9 showing VBG (VP* show show.01 * * (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 10 the DT (NP(NP* - - * * (ARG1*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 11 average JJ * - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 12 number NN *) - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 13 of IN (PP* - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 14 months NNS (NP*)) - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 15 in IN (PP* - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 16 a DT (NP* - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 17 job NN * - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 18 search NN *))))) - - * *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 19 as IN (PP* - - * (ARG2* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 20 `` `` * - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 21 Time NN (NP* - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 22 Off RP *))) - - * *) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 23 . . * - - * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2373 5 24 '' '' *)) - - * * *
Another instance where we see discontinuous arguments is with prepositional stranding occurrences, as in the "about" below:
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 0 Uh UH (TOP(S(INTJ*) - - (ARGM-DIS*) * *
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 1 this DT (NP*) - - (ARG1*) * *
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 2 is VBZ (VP* be be.01 (V*) * *
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 3 Jacksborough NNP (NP(NP(NP*) - - (ARG2* * (ARG1*
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 4 Tennessee NNP (NP*)) - - * * *)
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 5 we PRP (SBAR(S(NP*) - - * * (ARG0*)
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 6 're VBP (VP* be be.03 * (V*) *
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 7 talking VBG (VP* talk talk.01 * * (V*)
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 8 about IN (PP*))))))) - - *) * (C-ARG1*)
ontonotes/bc/cnn/00/cnn_0002 16 9 /. . *)) - - * * *
We also see discontinuous spans with subject raising, it-extraposition, right-node-raising, and a variety of other constructions where a particular semantic argument is realized in different parts of the annotation. Some of these are annotated by Propbank annotators as being the same argument, and others of these are traces which were annotated in Treebank annotation. For example, the two examples of "begin.01" below both have ARG1 (the thing begun) distributed before and after the verb: "Three new issues ...trading on the New York Stock Exchange" and "one ... trading on the Nasday / national Market System":
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 0 Three CD (TOP(S(S(NP* - - (ARG1* (ARG1* * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 1 new JJ * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 2 issues NNS *) - - *) *) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 3 begin VBP (VP* begin begin.01 (V*) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 4 trading VBG (S(VP* trade trade.01 (C-ARG1* (V*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 5 on IN (PP* - - * (ARGM-LOC* * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 6 the DT (NP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 7 New NNP (NML* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 8 York NNP *) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 9 Stock NNP * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 10 Exchange NNP *)))) - - *) *) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 11 today NN (NP*))) - - (ARGM-TMP*) (ARGM-TMP*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 12 , , * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 13 and CC * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 14 one CD (S(NP*) - - * * (ARG1*) (ARG0*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 15 began VBD (VP* begin begin.01 * * (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 16 trading VBG (S(VP* trade trade.01 * * (C-ARG1* (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 17 on IN (PP* - - * * * (ARGM-LOC*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 18 the DT (NP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 19 Nasdaq NNP (NML(NML*) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 20 / SYM * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 21 National NNP (NML* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 22 Market NNP *)) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 23 System NNP *)))) - - * * *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 24 last JJ (NP* - - * * (ARGM-TMP* (ARGM-TMP*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 25 week NN *))) - - * * *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/06/wsj_0607 0 26 . . *)) - - * * * *
Our official CoNLL conversion scripts will define a C-* argument as being applied to every non-reference surface span after the leftmost span for that argument, regardless of how that surface form was arrived at.
Phrases in some genres have embedded phrases such as ", he said, ", where the "thing said" argument is essentially the entire sentence other than that phrase. These are specially dealt with both by the Treebank and during our own post-processing. Because of the nature of these terms, this "thing that was said" argument is labeled with a "-DSP" flag, and the Propbank pointer is allowed to have other arguments nested within it. Since nested arguments are not allowed within the CoNLL arguments, we annotate an ARGX-DSP argument as applying to every span that is not marked by any other argument, as seen below:
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 0 Financial NNP (TOP(S(NP* - - (ARG0* (ARG1-DSP* * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 1 Corp. NNP *) - - *) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 2 purchased VBD (VP* purchase purchase.01 (V*) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 3 the DT (NP* - - (ARG1* * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 4 bonds NNS *) - - *) * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 5 , , (PRN* - - * *) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 6 the DT (S(NP* - - * (ARG0* * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 7 suit NN *) - - * *) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 8 alleged VBD (VP*)) allege allege.01 * (V*) * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 9 , , *) - - * (C-ARG1-DSP* * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 10 after IN (SBAR* - - (ARGM-TMP* * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 11 Mr. NNP (S(NP(NP* - - * * (ARG0* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 12 Boesky NNP *) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 13 and CC * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 14 Drexel NNP (NP*)) - - * * *) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 15 negotiated VBD (VP* negotiate negotiate.01 * * (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 16 an DT (NP* - - * * (ARG2* *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 17 agreement NN * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 18 for IN (SBAR* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 19 Vagabond NNP (S(NP* - - * * * (ARG0*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 20 Hotels NNP *) - - * * * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 21 to TO (VP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 22 purchase VB (VP* purchase purchase.01 * * * (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 23 a DT (NP(NP* - - * * * (ARG1*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 24 51 CD (NML* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 25 % NN *) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 26 stake NN *) - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 27 in IN (PP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 28 the DT (NP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 29 thrift NN *))) - - * * * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 30 for IN (PP* - - * * * (ARG3*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 31 about RB (NP(QP* - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 32 $ $ * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 33 34 CD * - - * * * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 34 million CD *)))))))))))) - - *) * *) *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/23/wsj_2328 2 35 . . *)) - - * *) * *
Other overlapping arguments occaisionally occur in the data in ways that should be overlapping. In order to maintain the general assumption that arguments cannot be nested in these annotations, these annotations keep only one argument (the last argument mentioned in the corresponding pointer entry). One example of this kind of simplification is the "C-ARG4" below, which theoretically should be both part of the ARG3 (2.9 % of respondents) and the ARG4 (3.7% of respondents). Such constructions are quite low frequency:
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 0 In IN (TOP(S(PP* - - * (ARGM-TMP*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 1 1989 CD (NP*)) - - * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 2 , , * - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 3 home NN (NP(NML* - - * (ARG1*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 4 purchase NN *) - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 5 plans NNS *) - - * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 6 have VBP (VP* have have.01 (V*) *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 7 ranged VBN (VP* range range.01 * (V*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 8 monthly RB (ADVP*) - - * (ARGM-TMP*)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 9 from IN (PP(PP* - - * (ARG3*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 10 2.9 CD (NP(NP* - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 11 % NN *))) - - * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 12 to IN (PP* - - * (ARG4*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 13 3.7 CD (NP(NP* - - * *
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 14 % NN *))) - - * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll:ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 15 of IN (PP* - - * (C-ARG4*
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 16 respondents NNS (NP*))))) - - * *)
data/ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141.gold_conll-ontonotes/nw/wsj/01/wsj_0141 22 17 . . *)) - - * *