Pubnub.cs

//Build Date: Jan 15, 2013
#if (__MonoCS__)
#define TRACE
#endif

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System.Linq;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
using System.Windows.Threading;
using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;

#endif
namespace PubNubMessaging.Core
{
	// INotifyPropertyChanged provides a standard event for objects to notify clients that one of its properties has changed
	
	public class Pubnub : INotifyPropertyChanged
	{
		const int pubnubWebRequestCallbackIntervalInSeconds = 310;
		const int pubnubOperationTimeoutIntervalInSeconds = 200;
		const int pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds = 15;
		const int pubnubNetworkCheckRetries = 50;
		const int pubnubWebRequestRetryIntervalInSeconds = 10;
		bool overrideTcpKeepAlive = true;
		const LoggingMethod.Level pubnubLogLevel = LoggingMethod.Level.Error;
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		bool pubnubEnableProxyConfig = true;
#endif
		
		// Common property changed event
		public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
		public void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
		{
			var handler = PropertyChanged;
			if (handler != null)
			{
				handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
			}
		}
		
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, long> _channelSubscription = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, long>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, long> _channelPresence = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, long>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState> _channelRequest = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool> _channelInternetStatus = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> _channelInternetRetry = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, Timer> _channelReconnectTimer = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Timer>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<Uri, Timer> _channelHeartbeatTimer = new ConcurrentDictionary<Uri, Timer>();
		
		private IPubnubUnitTest _pubnubUnitTest;
		public IPubnubUnitTest PubnubUnitTest
		{
			get
			{
				return _pubnubUnitTest;
			}
			set
			{
				_pubnubUnitTest = value;
			}
		}
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		//Proxy
		private PubnubProxy _pubnubProxy = null;
		public PubnubProxy Proxy
		{
			get
			{
				return _pubnubProxy;
			}
			set
			{
				_pubnubProxy = value;
				if (_pubnubProxy == null)
				{
					throw new ArgumentException("Missing Proxy Details");
				}
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_pubnubProxy.ProxyServer) || (_pubnubProxy.ProxyPort <= 0) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(_pubnubProxy.ProxyUserName) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(_pubnubProxy.ProxyPassword))
				{
					_pubnubProxy = null;
					throw new MissingFieldException("Insufficient Proxy Details");
				}
			}
		}
#endif
		
		System.Threading.Timer heartBeatTimer;
		
		private static bool _pubnetSystemActive = true;
		
		// History of Messages (Obsolete)
		private List<object> _history = new List<object>();
		public List<object> History { get { return _history; } set { _history = value; RaisePropertyChanged("History"); } }
		
		// Subscribe
		private ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _subscribeMessage = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
		
		// Presence
		private ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _presenceMessage = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
		
		// Timestamp
		private List<object> _time = new List<object>();
		
		// Pubnub Core API implementation
		private string origin = "pubsub.pubnub.com";
		private string publishKey = "";
		private string subscribeKey = "";
		private string secretKey = "";
		private string cipherKey = "";
		private bool ssl = false;
		private string sessionUUID = "";
		private string parameters = "";
		
		public string SessionUUID
		{
			get
			{
				return sessionUUID;
			}
			set
			{
				sessionUUID = value;
			}
		}
		
		/**
         * Pubnub instance initialization function
         * 
         * @param string publishKey.
         * @param string subscribeKey.
         * @param string secretKey.
         * @param bool sslOn
         */
		private void Init(string publishKey, string subscribeKey, string secretKey, string cipherKey, bool sslOn)
		{
#if(MONOTOUCH || MONODROID || SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
			LoggingMethod.LogLevel = pubnubLogLevel;
#else
			string configuredLogLevel = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["PubnubMessaging.LogLevel"];
			int logLevelValue;
			if (!Int32.TryParse(configuredLogLevel, out logLevelValue))
			{
				LoggingMethod.LogLevel = pubnubLogLevel;
			}
			else
			{
				LoggingMethod.LogLevel = (LoggingMethod.Level)logLevelValue;
			}
#endif
			
			this.publishKey = publishKey;
			this.subscribeKey = subscribeKey;
			this.secretKey = secretKey;
			this.cipherKey = cipherKey;
			this.ssl = sslOn;
			
			VerifyOrSetSessionUUID();
			
			// SSL is ON?
			if (this.ssl)
				this.origin = "https://" + this.origin;
			else
				this.origin = "http://" + this.origin;
			
			//Initiate System Events for PowerModeChanged - to monitor suspend/resume
			InitiatePowerModeCheck();
		}
		
		private void ReconnectNetwork<T>(ReconnectState<T> netState)
		{
			System.Threading.Timer timer = new Timer(new TimerCallback(ReconnectNetworkCallback<T>), netState, 0, pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
			_channelReconnectTimer.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, timer, (key, oldState) => timer);
		}
		
		void ReconnectNetworkCallback<T>(Object reconnectState)
		{
			try
			{
				ReconnectState<T> netState = reconnectState as ReconnectState<T>;
				if (netState != null)
				{
					if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(netState.channel)
					    && (netState.type == ResponseType.Subscribe || netState.type == ResponseType.Presence))
					{
						if (_channelInternetStatus[netState.channel])
						{
							//Reset Retry if previous state is true
							_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
						}
						else
						{
							_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, 1, (key, oldValue) => oldValue + 1);
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, {1} {2} reconnectNetworkCallback. Retry {3} of {4}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), netState.channel, netState.type, _channelInternetRetry[netState.channel], pubnubNetworkCheckRetries), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						}
					}
					
					if (_channelInternetStatus[netState.channel])
					{
						if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(netState.channel))
						{
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Dispose();
						}
						
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, {1} {2} reconnectNetworkCallback. Internet Available : {3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), netState.channel, netState.type, _channelInternetStatus[netState.channel]), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						switch (netState.type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							SubscribeRequest(netState.channel, netState.timetoken, netState.callback, netState.connectCallback, false);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							PresenceRequest(netState.channel, netState.timetoken, netState.callback, false);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
					else if (_channelInternetRetry[netState.channel] >= pubnubNetworkCheckRetries)
					{
						if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(netState.channel))
						{
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Dispose();
						}
						switch (netState.type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							SubscribeExceptionHandler(netState.channel, netState.callback, netState.connectCallback, true);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							PresenceExceptionHandler(netState.channel, netState.callback, true);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
				}
				else
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Unknown request state in reconnectNetworkCallback", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				}
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} method:reconnectNetworkCallback \n Exception Details={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
			}
		}
		
		
		private void InitiatePowerModeCheck()
		{
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE && !MONOTOUCH && !MONODROID)
			try
			{
				SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged += new PowerModeChangedEventHandler(SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged);
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Initiated System Event - PowerModeChanged.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} No support for System Event - PowerModeChanged.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
			}
#endif
		}
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE && !MONOTOUCH && !MONODROID)
		void SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged(object sender, PowerModeChangedEventArgs e)
		{
			if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Suspend)
			{
				_pubnetSystemActive = false;
				TerminatePendingWebRequest();
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					heartBeatTimer.Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
				}
				
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, System entered into Suspend Mode.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Disabled Timer for heartbeat ", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				}
			}
			else if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Resume)
			{
				_pubnetSystemActive = true;
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					heartBeatTimer.Change(
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000,
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
				}
				
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, System entered into Resume/Awake Mode.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Enabled Timer for heartbeat ", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				}
			}
		}
#endif
		private void TerminatePendingWebRequest()
		{
			TerminatePendingWebRequest(null);
		}
		
		private void TerminatePendingWebRequest(RequestState state)
		{
			if (state != null && state.request != null)
			{
				TerminateHeartbeatTimer(state.request.RequestUri);
				state.request.Abort();
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminatePendingWebRequest {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), state.request.RequestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				RequestState removedReq;
				bool removeKey = _channelRequest.TryRemove(state.channel, out removedReq);
				if (!removeKey)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove web request from dictionary in TerminatePendingWebRequest for channel= {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), state.channel), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState> webRequest = _channelRequest;
				ICollection<string> keyCollection = _channelRequest.Keys;
				foreach (string key in keyCollection)
				{
					RequestState currentRequest = _channelRequest[key];
					if (currentRequest.request != null)
					{
						if (currentRequest.type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
						{
							Unsubscribe<string>(currentRequest.channel, null);
						}
						else if (currentRequest.type == ResponseType.Presence)
						{
							PresenceUnsubscribe<string>(currentRequest.channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""), null);
						}
						else
						{
							TerminateHeartbeatTimer(currentRequest.request.RequestUri);
							currentRequest.request.Abort();
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminatePendingWebRequest {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), currentRequest.request.RequestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						}
						bool removeKey = _channelRequest.TryRemove(key, out currentRequest);
						if (!removeKey)
						{
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove web request from dictionary in TerminatePendingWebRequest for channel= {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), key), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE && !MONOTOUCH && !MONODROID)
		~Pubnub()
		{
			//detach
			SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged -= new PowerModeChangedEventHandler(SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged);
		}
#endif
		/**
         * PubNub 3.0 API
         * 
         * Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
         * 
         * @param string publishKey.
         * @param string subscribeKey.
         * @param string secretKey.
         * @param bool sslOn
         */
		public Pubnub(string publishKey, string subscribeKey, string secretKey, string cipherKey, bool sslOn)
		{
			this.Init(publishKey, subscribeKey, secretKey, cipherKey, sslOn);
		}
		
		/**
         * PubNub 2.0 Compatibility
         * 
         * Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
         * 
         * @param string publishKey.
         * @param string subscribeKey.
         */
		public Pubnub(string publishKey, string subscribeKey)
		{
			this.Init(publishKey, subscribeKey, "", "", false);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// PubNub without SSL
		/// Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="publishKey"></param>
		/// <param name="subscribeKey"></param>
		/// <param name="secretKey"></param>
		public Pubnub(string publishKey, string subscribeKey, string secretKey)
		{
			this.Init(publishKey, subscribeKey, secretKey, "", false);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// History (Obsolete)
		/// Load history from a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="limit"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		[Obsolete("This method should no longer be used, please use DetailedHistory() instead.")]
		public bool history(string channel, int limit)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("history");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(limit.ToString());
			
			return ProcessRequest(url, ResponseType.History);
		}
		
		/**
         * Detailed History
         */
		public bool DetailedHistory(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			return DetailedHistory<object>(channel, start, end, count, reverse, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool DetailedHistory<T>(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			Uri request = BuildDetailedHistoryRequest(channel, start, end, count, reverse);
			
			return UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.DetailedHistory, userCallback, null, false);
		}
		
		public bool DetailedHistory(string channel, long start, Action<object> userCallback, bool reverse)
		{
			return DetailedHistory<object>(channel, start, -1, -1, reverse, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool DetailedHistory<T>(string channel, long start, Action<T> userCallback, bool reverse)
		{
			return DetailedHistory<T>(channel, start, -1, -1, reverse, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool DetailedHistory(string channel, int count, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			return DetailedHistory<object>(channel, -1, -1, count, false, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool DetailedHistory<T>(string channel, int count, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			return DetailedHistory<T>(channel, -1, -1, count, false, userCallback);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Publish
		/// Send a message to a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="message"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public bool Publish(string channel, object message, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			return Publish<object>(channel, message, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool Publish<T>(string channel, object message, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()) || message == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel or Message");
			}
			
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.publishKey) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.publishKey.Trim()) || this.publishKey.Length <= 0)
			{
				throw new MissingFieldException("Invalid publish key");
			}
			
			if (userCallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			Uri request = BuildPublishRequest(channel, message);
			
			return UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Publish, userCallback, null, false); //connectCallback = null
		}
		
		private string JsonEncodePublishMsg(object originalMessage)
		{
			string message = SerializeToJsonString(originalMessage);
			
			
			if (this.cipherKey.Length > 0)
			{
				PubnubCrypto aes = new PubnubCrypto(this.cipherKey);
				string encryptMessage = aes.Encrypt(message);
				message = SerializeToJsonString(encryptMessage);
			}
			
			return message;
		}
		
		private List<object> DecodeMessage(List<object> message, ResponseType type)
		{
			List<object> receivedMessage = new List<object>();
			
			
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Publish || type == ResponseType.Time || type == ResponseType.Here_Now || type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				return message;
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
			{
				receivedMessage = DecodeDecryptLoop(message);
			}
			else
			{
				receivedMessage = DecodeDecryptLoop(message);
			}
			return receivedMessage;
		}
		
		private List<object> DecodeDecryptLoop(List<object> message)
		{
			List<object> returnMessage = new List<object>();
			if (this.cipherKey.Length > 0)
			{
				PubnubCrypto aes = new PubnubCrypto(this.cipherKey);
				var myObjectArray = (from item in message select item as object).ToArray();
				IEnumerable enumerable = myObjectArray[0] as IEnumerable;
				if (enumerable != null)
				{
					List<object> receivedMsg = new List<object>();
					foreach (object element in enumerable)
					{
						string decryptMessage = aes.Decrypt(element.ToString());
						object decodeMessage = (decryptMessage == "**DECRYPT ERROR**") ? decryptMessage : JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<object>(decryptMessage);
						receivedMsg.Add(decodeMessage);
					}
					returnMessage.Add(receivedMsg);
				}
				
				for (int index = 1; index < myObjectArray.Length; index++)
				{
					returnMessage.Add(myObjectArray[index]);
				}
				return returnMessage;
			}
			else
			{
				var myObjectArray = (from item in message select item as object).ToArray();
				IEnumerable enumerable = myObjectArray[0] as IEnumerable;
				if (enumerable != null)
				{
					List<object> receivedMessage = new List<object>();
					foreach (object element in enumerable)
					{
						receivedMessage.Add(element);
					}
					returnMessage.Add(receivedMessage);
				}
				for (int index = 1; index < myObjectArray.Length; index++)
				{
					returnMessage.Add(myObjectArray[index]);
				}
				return returnMessage;
			}
		}
		
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Subscribe
		/// Listen for a message on a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		public void Subscribe(string channel, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			Subscribe<object>(channel, userCallback);
		}
		
		public void Subscribe(string channel, Action<object> userCallback, Action<object> connectCallback)
		{
			Subscribe<object>(channel, userCallback, connectCallback);
		}
		
		public void Subscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			if (userCallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			SubscribeInit<T>(channel, userCallback, null);
		}
		
		public void Subscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			if (userCallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing userCallback");
			}
			if (connectCallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing connectCallback");
			}
			
			SubscribeInit<T>(channel, userCallback, connectCallback);
		}
		
		private void SubscribeInit<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback)
		{
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested subscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			
			if (_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = "[0, \"Already subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON subscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
			else
			{
				object subscribeMessage = _subscribeMessage.TryRemove(channel, out subscribeMessage); //Clear the dictionary received for last sub msg
				_channelSubscription.GetOrAdd(channel, 0);
				ResetInternetCheckSettings(channel);
				SubscribeRequest<T>(channel, 0, userCallback, connectCallback, false);
			}
			
		}
		
		private void ResetInternetCheckSettings(string channel)
		{
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				_channelInternetStatus.AddOrUpdate(channel, true, (key, oldValue) => true);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelInternetStatus.GetOrAdd(channel, true); //Set to true for internet connection
			}
			
			if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channel, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelInternetRetry.GetOrAdd(channel, 0); //Initialize the internet retry count
			}
		}
		
		void OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(object state, bool timeout)
		{
			if (timeout)
			{
				RequestState currentState = state as RequestState;
				if (currentState != null)
				{
					PubnubWebRequest request = currentState.request;
					if (request != null)
					{
						currentState.timeout = true;
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout: client request timeout reached.Request aborted for channel = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), currentState.channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						request.Abort();
					}
				}
				else
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout: client request timeout reached. However state is unknown", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				}
			}
		}
		
		void OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback(Object heartbeatState)
		{
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, **OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback**", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelVerbose);
			
			RequestState currentState = heartbeatState as RequestState;
			if (currentState != null)
			{
				if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(currentState.channel)
				    && (currentState.type == ResponseType.Subscribe || currentState.type == ResponseType.Presence)
				    && overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					bool networkConnection = ClientNetworkStatus.CheckInternetStatus(_pubnetSystemActive);
					
					_channelInternetStatus[currentState.channel] = networkConnection;
					
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback - Internet connection = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), networkConnection), LoggingMethod.LevelVerbose);
					if (!networkConnection)
					{
						TerminatePendingWebRequest(currentState);
					}
				}
				
				
			}
			
		}
		
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Check the response of the REST API and call for re-subscribe
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="subscribeResult"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		private void SubscribeInternalCallback<T>(object subscribeResult, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback)
		{
			List<object> message = subscribeResult as List<object>;
			string channelName = "";
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				channelName = message[2].ToString();
			}
			else
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Lost Channel Name for resubscribe", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				return;
			}
			
			if (!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channelName))
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, further re-subscription was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				return;
			}
			
			
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				SubscribeRequest<T>(channelName, (object)message[1], userCallback, connectCallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		private void PresenceInternalCallback<T>(object presenceResult, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			List<object> message = presenceResult as List<object>;
			string channelName = "";
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				channelName = message[2].ToString();
			}
			else
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Lost Channel Name for re-presence", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				return;
			}
			
			
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				PresenceRequest<T>(channelName, (object)message[1], userCallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// To unsubscribe a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		public void Unsubscribe(string channel, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			Unsubscribe<object>(channel, userCallback);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// To unsubscribe a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		public void Unsubscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			bool unsubscribeStatus = false;
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested unsubscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			
			string jsonString = "";
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			if (_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				long unsubValue;
				unsubscribeStatus = _channelSubscription.TryRemove(channel, out unsubValue);
				
				if (unsubscribeStatus)
				{
					if (_channelRequest.ContainsKey(channel))
					{
						PubnubWebRequest storedRequest = _channelRequest[channel].request;
						TerminateHeartbeatTimer(storedRequest.RequestUri);
						storedRequest.Abort();
					}
					object subscribeMessage = _subscribeMessage.TryRemove(channel, out subscribeMessage); //Clear the dictionary received for last sub msg
					
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Unsubscribed from {0}\"]", channel);
				}
				else
				{
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Error unsubscribing from {0}\"]", channel);
				}
				
				
				
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
				
				//just fire leave() event to REST API for safeguard
				Uri request = BuildLeaveRequest(channel);
				UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Leave, null, null, false); // connectCallback = null
				
			}
			else
			{
				result = new List<object>();
				jsonString = "[0, \"Channel Not Subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// SubscribeRequest private method for Subscribe
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="timetoken"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		/// <param name="connectCallback"></param>
		/// <param name="reconnect"></param>
		private void SubscribeRequest<T>(string channel, object timetoken, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			//Exit if the channel is unsubscribed
			if (!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, further subscription was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				return;
			}
			_channelSubscription.AddOrUpdate(channel, Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString()), (key, oldValue) => Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString())); //Store the timetoken
			
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel) && (!_channelInternetStatus[channel]) && _pubnetSystemActive)
			{
				if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel) && (_channelInternetRetry[channel] >= pubnubNetworkCheckRetries))
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Subscribe channel={1} - No internet connection. MAXed retries for internet ", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					SubscribeExceptionHandler<T>(channel, userCallback, connectCallback, true);
					return;
				}
				
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Subscribe - No internet connection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					
					ReconnectState<T> netState = new ReconnectState<T>();
					netState.channel = channel;
					netState.type = ResponseType.Subscribe;
					netState.callback = userCallback;
					netState.connectCallback = connectCallback;
					netState.timetoken = timetoken;
					
					ReconnectNetwork<T>(netState);
					return;
				}
			}
			
			
			// Begin recursive subscribe
			try
			{
				// Build URL
				Uri request = BuildSubscribeRequest(channel, timetoken);
				
				// Wait for message
				UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Subscribe, userCallback, connectCallback, reconnect);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} method:_subscribe \n channel={1} \n timetoken={2} \n Exception Details={3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel, timetoken.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				this.SubscribeRequest<T>(channel, timetoken, userCallback, connectCallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Presence
		/// Listen for a presence message on a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		public void Presence(string channel, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			Presence<object>(channel, userCallback);
		}
		
		public void Presence<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			if (userCallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			channel = string.Format("{0}-pnpres", channel);
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested presence for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			
			if (_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = "[0, \"Presence Already subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelPresence.GetOrAdd(channel, 0);
				ResetInternetCheckSettings(channel);
				this.PresenceRequest<T>(channel, 0, userCallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// PresenceRequest - private method for Presence
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="timetoken"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		/// <param name="reconnect"></param>
		private void PresenceRequest<T>(string channel, object timetoken, Action<T> userCallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			//Exit if the channel is unsubscribed
			if (!_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Presence-unsubscribe, further presence was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				return;
			}
			_channelPresence.AddOrUpdate(channel, Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString()), (key, oldValue) => Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString())); //Store the timetoken
			
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel) && (!_channelInternetStatus[channel]) && _pubnetSystemActive)
			{
				if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel) && (_channelInternetRetry[channel] >= pubnubNetworkCheckRetries))
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Presence channel={1} - No internet connection. MAXed retries for internet ", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					PresenceExceptionHandler<T>(channel, userCallback, true);
					return;
				}
				
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Presence - No internet connection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					
					ReconnectState<T> netState = new ReconnectState<T>();
					netState.channel = channel;
					netState.type = ResponseType.Presence;
					netState.callback = userCallback;
					netState.timetoken = timetoken;
					
					ReconnectNetwork<T>(netState);
					return;
				}
			}
			
			// Begin recursive subscribe
			try
			{
				// Build URL
				Uri request = BuildPresenceRequest(channel, timetoken);
				
				// Wait for message
				UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Presence, userCallback, null, reconnect); // connectCallback = null
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("method:_presence \n channel={0} \n timetoken={1} \n Exception Details={2}", channel, timetoken.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				this.PresenceRequest<T>(channel, timetoken, userCallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		public void PresenceUnsubscribe(string channel, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			PresenceUnsubscribe<object>(channel, userCallback);
		}
		
		public void PresenceUnsubscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			channel = string.Format("{0}-pnpres", channel);
			
			bool unsubscribeStatus = false;
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested presence-unsubscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			
			string jsonString = "";
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			if (_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				long unsubPreValue;
				unsubscribeStatus = _channelPresence.TryRemove(channel, out unsubPreValue);
				
				if (unsubscribeStatus)
				{
					if (_channelRequest.ContainsKey(channel))
					{
						PubnubWebRequest storedRequest = _channelRequest[channel].request;
						TerminateHeartbeatTimer(storedRequest.RequestUri);
						storedRequest.Abort();
					}
					object presenceMsg = _presenceMessage.TryRemove(channel, out presenceMsg); //Clear the dictionary received for last presence msg
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Presence-Unsubscribed from {0}\"]", channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				}
				else
				{
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Error presence-unsubscribing from {0}\"]", channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				}
				
				
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence-unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
			else
			{
				result = new List<object>();
				jsonString = "[0, \"Channel Not Subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence-unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
		}
		
		public bool HereNow(string channel, Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			return HereNow<object>(channel, userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool HereNow<T>(string channel, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			Uri request = BuildHereNowRequest(channel);
			
			return UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Here_Now, userCallback, null, false); // connectCallback = null
		}
		
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Time
		/// Timestamp from PubNub Cloud
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public bool Time(Action<object> userCallback)
		{
			return Time<object>(userCallback);
		}
		
		public bool Time<T>(Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			Uri request = BuildTimeRequest();
			
			return UrlProcessRequest<T>(request, "", ResponseType.Time, userCallback, null, false); // connectCallback = null
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Http Get Request process
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="urlComponents"></param>
		/// <param name="type"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		private bool ProcessRequest(List<string> urlComponents, ResponseType type)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string channelName = GetChannelName(urlComponents, type);
			StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
			
			// Add Origin To The Request
			url.Append(this.origin);
			
			// Generate URL with UTF-8 Encoding
			foreach (string url_bit in urlComponents)
			{
				url.Append("/");
				url.Append(EncodeUricomponent(url_bit, type));
			}
			
			VerifyOrSetSessionUUID();
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
			{
				url.Append("?uuid=");
				url.Append(this.sessionUUID);
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
				url.Append(parameters);
			
			Uri requestUri = new Uri(url.ToString());
			
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
			// Force canonical path and query
			FieldInfo flagsFieldInfo = typeof(Uri).GetField("m_Flags", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
			ulong flags = (ulong)flagsFieldInfo.GetValue(requestUri);
			flags &= ~((ulong)0x30); // Flags.PathNotCanonical|Flags.QueryNotCanonical
			flagsFieldInfo.SetValue(requestUri, flags);
#endif
			
			// Create Request
			HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(requestUri);
			
			try
			{
				// Make request with the following inline Asynchronous callback
				IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback((asynchronousResult) =>
				                                                                      {
					HttpWebRequest asyncWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
					HttpWebResponse asyncWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)asyncWebRequest.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult);
					using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(asyncWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
					{
						// Deserialize the result
						string jsonString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
						result = WrapResultBasedOnResponseType(type, jsonString, channelName, false);
					}
				}), request
				                                                    
				                                                    );
				
				return true;
			}
			catch (System.Exception ex)
			{
				Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
				return false;
			}
		}
		
		private void VerifyOrSetSessionUUID()
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.sessionUUID) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.sessionUUID.Trim()))
			{
				this.sessionUUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Http Get Request process
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="requestUri"></param>
		/// <param name="channelName"></param>
		/// <param name="type"></param>
		/// <param name="userCallback"></param>
		/// <param name="connectCallback"></param>
		/// <param name="reconnect"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		private bool UrlProcessRequest<T>(Uri requestUri, string channelName, ResponseType type, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			try
			{
				// Create Request
				PubnubWebRequestCreator requestCreator = new PubnubWebRequestCreator(_pubnubUnitTest);
				PubnubWebRequest request = (PubnubWebRequest)requestCreator.Create(requestUri);
				
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
				if (pubnubEnableProxyConfig && _pubnubProxy != null)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, ProxyServer={1}; ProxyPort={2}; ProxyUserName={3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), _pubnubProxy.ProxyServer, _pubnubProxy.ProxyPort, _pubnubProxy.ProxyUserName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					WebProxy webProxy = new WebProxy(_pubnubProxy.ProxyServer, _pubnubProxy.ProxyPort);
					webProxy.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(_pubnubProxy.ProxyUserName, _pubnubProxy.ProxyPassword);
					request.Proxy = webProxy;
				}
				
				request.Timeout = GetTimeoutInSecondsForResponseType(type) * 1000;
#endif
				if ((!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channelName) && type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
				    || (!_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channelName) && type == ResponseType.Presence))
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, request aborted for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					request.Abort();
				}
				
				RequestState pubnubRequestState = new RequestState();
				pubnubRequestState.request = request;
				pubnubRequestState.channel = channelName;
				pubnubRequestState.type = type;
				
				if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence)
				{
					_channelRequest.AddOrUpdate(channelName, pubnubRequestState, (key, oldState) => pubnubRequestState);
				}
				
				if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
				{
					//Eventhough heart-beat is disabled, run one time to check internet connection by setting dueTime=0
					heartBeatTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(
						new TimerCallback(OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback), pubnubRequestState, 0,
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? Timeout.Infinite : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
					_channelHeartbeatTimer.AddOrUpdate(requestUri, heartBeatTimer, (key, oldState) => heartBeatTimer);
				}
				else
				{
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
					request.ServicePoint.SetTcpKeepAlive(true, pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000, 1000);
#endif
				}
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Request={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				// Make request with the following inline Asynchronous callback
				IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback((asynchronousResult) =>
				                                                                      {
					try
					{
						RequestState asynchRequestState = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						PubnubWebRequest asyncWebRequest = (PubnubWebRequest)asynchRequestState.request;
						if (asyncWebRequest != null)
						{
							using (PubnubWebResponse asyncWebResponse = (PubnubWebResponse)asyncWebRequest.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult))
							{
								pubnubRequestState.response = asyncWebResponse;
								
								using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(asyncWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
								{
									if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence)
									{
										_channelInternetStatus.AddOrUpdate(channelName, true, (key, oldValue) => true);
									}
									// Deserialize the result
									string jsonString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
									streamReader.Close();
									
									if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
									{
										TerminateHeartbeatTimer(requestUri);
									}
									
									LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON for channel={1} ({2}) ={3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName, type.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
									
									result = WrapResultBasedOnResponseType(type, jsonString, channelName, reconnect);
								}
								asyncWebResponse.Close();
							}
						}
						else
						{
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Request aborted for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						}
						
						if (result != null && result.Count >= 1 && userCallback != null)
						{
							ResponseToConnectCallback<T>(result, type, channelName, connectCallback);
							ResponseToUserCallback<T>(result, type, channelName, userCallback);
						}
						
						switch (type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							SubscribeInternalCallback<T>(result, userCallback, connectCallback);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							PresenceInternalCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
					catch (WebException webEx)
					{
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, WebException: {1} for URL: {2}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), webEx.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
						
						if (overrideTcpKeepAlive)
						{
							TerminateHeartbeatTimer(requestUri);
						}
						
						RequestState state = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						
						if (state.response != null)
						{
							state.response.Close();
							state.request.Abort();
						}
						
#if (!SILVERLIGHT)
						if ((webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.NameResolutionFailure //No network
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ConnectFailure //Sending Keep-alive packet failed (No network)/Server is down.
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ServerProtocolViolation//Problem with proxy or ISP
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError
						     ) && (!overrideTcpKeepAlive))
						{
							//internet connection problem.
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, _urlRequest - Internet connection problem", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
							
							if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channelName)
							    && (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence))
							{
								if (_channelInternetStatus[channelName])
								{
									//Reset Retry if previous state is true
									_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channelName, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
								}
								else
								{
									_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channelName, 1, (key, oldValue) => oldValue + 1);
									LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} {1} channel = {2} _urlRequest - Internet connection retry {3} of {4}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), type, channelName, _channelInternetRetry[channelName], pubnubNetworkCheckRetries), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
								}
								_channelInternetStatus[channelName] = false;
								Thread.Sleep(pubnubWebRequestRetryIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
							}
						}
#endif
						UrlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, state.timeout, userCallback, connectCallback);
					}
					catch (Exception ex)
					{
						RequestState state = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						if (state.response != null)
							state.response.Close();
						
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Exception= {1} for URL: {2}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
						UrlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, state.timeout, userCallback, connectCallback);
					}
					
				}), pubnubRequestState);
				
#if (__MonoCS__)
				if (!asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(GetTimeoutInSecondsForResponseType(type) * 1000))
				{
					OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(pubnubRequestState, true);
				}
#elif (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
				Timer webRequestTimer = new Timer(OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout, pubnubRequestState, GetTimeoutInSecondsForResponseType(type) * 1000, Timeout.Infinite);
#else
				ThreadPool.RegisterWaitForSingleObject(asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle, new WaitOrTimerCallback(OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout), pubnubRequestState, GetTimeoutInSecondsForResponseType(type) * 1000, true);
#endif
				return true;
			}
			catch (System.Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Exception={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				UrlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, false, userCallback, connectCallback);
				return false;
			}
		}
		
		private int GetTimeoutInSecondsForResponseType(ResponseType type)
		{
			int timeout;
			if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence)
			{
				timeout = pubnubWebRequestCallbackIntervalInSeconds;
			}
			else
			{
				timeout = pubnubOperationTimeoutIntervalInSeconds;
			}
			return timeout;
		}
		
		private void TerminateHeartbeatTimer()
		{
			TerminateHeartbeatTimer(null);
		}
		
		private void TerminateHeartbeatTimer(Uri requestUri)
		{
			if (requestUri != null)
			{
				if (_channelHeartbeatTimer.ContainsKey(requestUri))
				{
					Timer requestHeatbeatTimer = _channelHeartbeatTimer[requestUri];
					requestHeatbeatTimer.Change(
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000,
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
					requestHeatbeatTimer.Dispose();
					Timer removedTimer = null;
					bool removed = _channelHeartbeatTimer.TryRemove(requestUri, out removedTimer);
					if (!removed)
					{
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove heartbeat reference from collection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					}
				}
			}
			else
			{
				ConcurrentDictionary<Uri, Timer> timerCollection = _channelHeartbeatTimer;
				ICollection<Uri> keyCollection = timerCollection.Keys;
				foreach (Uri key in keyCollection)
				{
					if (_channelHeartbeatTimer.ContainsKey(key))
					{
						Timer currentTimer = _channelHeartbeatTimer[key];
						currentTimer.Dispose();
						Timer removedTimer = null;
						bool removed = _channelHeartbeatTimer.TryRemove(key, out removedTimer);
						if (!removed)
						{
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminateHeartbeatTimer(null) - Unable to remove heartbeat reference from collection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), key.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		private void TerminateReconnectTimer()
		{
			TerminateReconnectTimer(null);
		}
		
		private void TerminateReconnectTimer(string channelName)
		{
			if (channelName != null)
			{
				if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(channelName))
				{
					Timer channelReconnectTimer = _channelReconnectTimer[channelName];
					channelReconnectTimer.Change(
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000,
						(-1 == pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds) ? -1 : pubnubNetworkTcpCheckIntervalInSeconds * 1000);
					channelReconnectTimer.Dispose();
					Timer removedTimer = null;
					bool removed = _channelReconnectTimer.TryRemove(channelName, out removedTimer);
					if (!removed)
					{
						LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminateReconnectTimer - Unable to remove reconnect timer reference from collection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					}
				}
			}
			else
			{
				ConcurrentDictionary<string, Timer> reconnectCollection = _channelReconnectTimer;
				ICollection<string> keyCollection = reconnectCollection.Keys;
				foreach (string key in keyCollection)
				{
					if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(key))
					{
						Timer currentTimer = _channelReconnectTimer[key];
						currentTimer.Dispose();
						Timer removedTimer = null;
						bool removed = _channelReconnectTimer.TryRemove(key, out removedTimer);
						if (!removed)
						{
							LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminateReconnectTimer(null) - Unable to remove reconnect timer reference from collection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), key.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		private void ResponseToConnectCallback<T>(List<object> result, ResponseType type, string channelName, Action<T> connectCallback)
		{
			//Check callback exists and make sure previous timetoken = 0
			if (connectCallback != null
			    && _channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channelName)
			    && _channelSubscription[channelName].Equals(0))
			{
				switch (type)
				{
				case ResponseType.Subscribe:
					string jsonString = "";
					List<object> connectResult = new List<object>();
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Connected\"]");
					connectResult = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
					connectResult.Add(channelName);
					GoToCallback<T>(connectResult, connectCallback);
					break;
				default:
					break;
				}
			}
			
		}
		
		public Uri BuildTimeRequest()
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("time");
			url.Add("0");
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Time);
			
		}
		
		private Uri BuildLeaveRequest(string channel)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("presence");
			url.Add("sub_key");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("leave");
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Leave);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildHereNowRequest(string channel)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("presence");
			url.Add("sub_key");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Here_Now);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildDetailedHistoryRequest(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse)
		{
			parameters = "";
			if (count <= -1) count = 100;
			parameters = "?count=" + count;
			if (reverse)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "reverse=" + reverse.ToString().ToLower();
			if (start != -1)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "start=" + start.ToString().ToLower();
			if (end != -1)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "end=" + end.ToString().ToLower();
			
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("history");
			url.Add("sub-key");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.DetailedHistory);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildSubscribeRequest(string channel, object timetoken)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("subscribe");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(timetoken.ToString());
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Subscribe);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildPresenceRequest(string channel, object timetoken)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("subscribe");
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(timetoken.ToString());
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Presence);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildPublishRequest(string channel, object originalMessage)
		{
			string message = JsonEncodePublishMsg(originalMessage);
			
			// Generate String to Sign
			string signature = "0";
			if (this.secretKey.Length > 0)
			{
				StringBuilder string_to_sign = new StringBuilder();
				string_to_sign
					.Append(this.publishKey)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(this.subscribeKey)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(this.secretKey)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(channel)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(message); // 1
				
				// Sign Message
				signature = Md5(string_to_sign.ToString());
			}
			
			// Build URL
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("publish");
			url.Add(this.publishKey);
			url.Add(this.subscribeKey);
			url.Add(signature);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(message);
			
			return BuildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Publish);
		}
		
		private Uri BuildRestApiRequest<T>(List<string> urlComponents, ResponseType type)
		{
			StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
			
			// Add Origin To The Request
			url.Append(this.origin);
			
			// Generate URL with UTF-8 Encoding
			foreach (string urlBit in urlComponents)
			{
				url.Append("/");
				url.Append(EncodeUricomponent(urlBit, type));
			}
			
			VerifyOrSetSessionUUID();
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				url.Append("?uuid=");
				url.Append(this.sessionUUID);
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
				url.Append(parameters);
			
#if (WINDOWS_PHONE)
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Leave || type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
			{
				url.Append("&nocache=");
				url.Append(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
			}
			else
			{
				url.Append("?nocache=");
				url.Append(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
			}
#endif
			
			Uri requestUri = new Uri(url.ToString());
			
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && (!WINDOWS_PHONE))
			if ((type == ResponseType.Publish || type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence))
			{
				// Force canonical path and query
				string paq = requestUri.PathAndQuery;
				FieldInfo flagsFieldInfo = typeof(Uri).GetField("m_Flags", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
				ulong flags = (ulong)flagsFieldInfo.GetValue(requestUri);
				flags &= ~((ulong)0x30); // Flags.PathNotCanonical|Flags.QueryNotCanonical
				flagsFieldInfo.SetValue(requestUri, flags);
			}
#endif
			
			return requestUri;
		}
		
		void OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(Object requestState)
		{
			RequestState currentState = requestState as RequestState;
			if (currentState != null && currentState.response == null && currentState.request != null)
			{
				currentState.timeout = true;
				currentState.request.Abort();
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, **WP7 OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout**", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
			}
		}
		
		private void UrlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(ResponseType type, string channelName, bool requestTimeout, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback)
		{
			if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
			{
				SubscribeExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, userCallback, connectCallback, false);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Presence)
			{
				PresenceExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, userCallback, false);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Publish)
			{
				PublishExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, requestTimeout, userCallback);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Here_Now)
			{
				HereNowExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, requestTimeout, userCallback);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
			{
				DetailedHistoryExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, requestTimeout, userCallback);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Time)
			{
				TimeExceptionHandler<T>(requestTimeout,userCallback);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				//no action at this time
			}
		}
		
		private void ResponseToUserCallback<T>(List<object> result, ResponseType type, string channelName, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			switch (type)
			{
			case ResponseType.Subscribe:
				var messages = (from item in result
				                select item as object).ToArray();
				if (messages != null && messages.Length > 0)
				{
					List<object> messageList = messages[0] as List<object>;
					if (messageList != null && messageList.Count > 0)
					{
						foreach (object item in messageList)
						{
							List<object> itemMessage = new List<object>();
							itemMessage.Add(item);
							for (int index = 1; index < messages.Length; index++)
							{
								itemMessage.Add(messages[index]);
							}
							GoToCallback<T>(itemMessage, userCallback);
						}
					}
				}
				RemoveChannelRequest(channelName);
				break;
			case ResponseType.Presence:
				var presenceMessages = (from item in result
				                        select item as object).ToArray();
				if (presenceMessages != null && presenceMessages.Length > 0)
				{
					JArray messageArrary = presenceMessages[0] as JArray;
					if (messageArrary != null && messageArrary.Count > 0)
					{
						foreach (object item in messageArrary)
						{
							List<object> itemMessage = new List<object>();
							itemMessage.Add(item);
							for (int index = 1; index < presenceMessages.Length; index++)
							{
								if (index == 2)
								{
									presenceMessages[index] = ((string)presenceMessages[index]).Replace("-pnpres", "");
								}
								itemMessage.Add(presenceMessages[index]);
							}
							GoToCallback<T>(itemMessage, userCallback);
						}
					}
				}
				RemoveChannelRequest(channelName);
				break;
			case ResponseType.Publish:
				if (result != null && result.Count > 0)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
				}
				break;
			case ResponseType.DetailedHistory:
				if (result != null && result.Count > 0)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
				}
				break;
			case ResponseType.Here_Now:
				if (result != null && result.Count > 0)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
				}
				break;
			case ResponseType.Time:
				if (result != null && result.Count > 0)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
				}
				break;
			case ResponseType.Leave:
				//No response to callback
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
		
		private void JsonResponseToCallback<T>(List<object> result, Action<T> callback)
		{
			string callbackJson = "";
			
			if (typeof(T) == typeof(string))
			{
				callbackJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(result);
				
				Action<string> castCallback = callback as Action<string>;
				castCallback(callbackJson);
			}
		}
		
		private void RemoveChannelRequest(string channelName)
		{
			if (_channelRequest.ContainsKey(channelName))
			{
				RequestState currentRequest = _channelRequest[channelName];
				currentRequest.request = null;
				currentRequest.response = null;
				bool remove = _channelRequest.TryRemove(channelName, out currentRequest);
				if (!remove)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove request from dictionary for channel ={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				}
			}
		}
		
		private void SubscribeExceptionHandler<T>(string channelName, Action<T> userCallback, Action<T> connectCallback, bool reconnectTried)
		{
			if (reconnectTried)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, MAX retries reached. Exiting the subscribe for channel = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				Unsubscribe(channelName, null);
				
				List<object> errorResult = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = string.Format("[0, \"Unsubscribed after {0} failed retries\"]", pubnubNetworkCheckRetries);
				errorResult = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				errorResult.Add(channelName);
				
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Subscribe JSON network error response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				if (userCallback != null)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(errorResult, userCallback);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				result.Add("0");
				List<object> lastResult = null; 
				if (_subscribeMessage.ContainsKey(channelName))
				{
					lastResult = _subscribeMessage[channelName] as List<object>;
				}
				result.Add((lastResult != null) ? lastResult[1] : "0"); //get last timetoken
				result.Add(channelName); //send channel name
				
				SubscribeInternalCallback<T>(result, userCallback, connectCallback);
			}
		}
		
		private void PresenceExceptionHandler<T>(string channelName, Action<T> userCallback, bool reconnectTry)
		{
			if (reconnectTry)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, MAX retries reached. Exiting the presence for channel = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				
				PresenceUnsubscribe(channelName.Replace("-pnpres", ""), null);
				
				List<object> errorResult = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = string.Format("[0, \"Presence-unsubscribed after {0} failed retries\"]", pubnubNetworkCheckRetries);
				errorResult = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				errorResult.Add(channelName.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Presence JSON network error response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
				if (userCallback != null)
				{
					GoToCallback<T>(errorResult, userCallback);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				result.Add("0");
				if (_presenceMessage.ContainsKey(channelName))
				{
					List<object> lastResult = _presenceMessage[channelName] as List<object>;
					result.Add((lastResult != null) ? lastResult[1] : "0"); //get last timetoken
				}
				else
				{
					result.Add("0"); //timetoken
				}
				result.Add(channelName); //send channel name
				
				PresenceInternalCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
			}
		}
		
		private void PublishExceptionHandler<T>(string channelName, bool requestTimeout, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string jsonString = (requestTimeout) ? "[0, \"Operation Timeout\"]" : "[0, \"Network connnect error\"]";
			result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
			result.Add(channelName);
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON publish response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
		}
		
		private void HereNowExceptionHandler<T>(string channelName, bool requestTimeout, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string jsonString = (requestTimeout) ? "[0, \"Operation Timeout\"]" : "[0, \"Network connnect error\"]";
			result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
			result.Add(channelName);
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON here_now response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
		}
		
		private void DetailedHistoryExceptionHandler<T>(string channelName, bool requestTimeout, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string jsonString = (requestTimeout) ? "[0, \"Operation Timeout\"]" : "[0, \"Network connnect error\"]";
			result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
			result.Add(channelName);
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON detailedHistoryExceptionHandler response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
		}
		
		private void TimeExceptionHandler<T>(bool requestTimeout, Action<T> userCallback)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string jsonString = (requestTimeout) ? "[0, \"Operation Timeout\"]" : "[0, \"Network connnect error\"]";
			result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
			LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON timeExceptionHandler response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
			GoToCallback<T>(result, userCallback);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the result by wrapping the json response based on the request
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="type"></param>
		/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
		/// <param name="channelName"></param>
		/// <param name="reconnect"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		private List<object> WrapResultBasedOnResponseType(ResponseType type, string jsonString, string channelName, bool reconnect)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			object deSerializedResult = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<object>(jsonString);
			List<object> result1 = ((IEnumerable)deSerializedResult).Cast<object>().ToList();
			
			if (result1 != null && result1.Count > 0)
			{
				result = DecodeMessage(result1, type);
			}
			
			
			switch (type)
			{
			case ResponseType.Publish:
				result.Add(channelName);
				break;
			case ResponseType.History:
				if (this.cipherKey.Length > 0)
				{
					List<object> historyDecrypted = new List<object>();
					PubnubCrypto aes = new PubnubCrypto(this.cipherKey);
					foreach (object message in result)
					{
						historyDecrypted.Add(aes.Decrypt(message.ToString()));
					}
					History = historyDecrypted;
				}
				else
				{
					History = result;
				}
				break;
			case ResponseType.DetailedHistory:
				result.Add(channelName);
				break;
			case ResponseType.Here_Now:
				Dictionary<string, object> dictionary = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(jsonString);
				result = new List<object>();
				result.Add(dictionary);
				result.Add(channelName);
				break;
			case ResponseType.Time:
				_time = result;
				break;
			case ResponseType.Subscribe:
				result.Add(channelName);
				_subscribeMessage.AddOrUpdate(channelName, result, (key, oldValue) =>
				                              {
					if (reconnect)
					{
						List<object> oldResult = oldValue as List<object>;
						if (oldResult != null)
						{
							result[1] = oldResult[1];
						}
						return result;
					}
					else
					{
						return result;
					}
				});
				break;
			case ResponseType.Presence:
				result.Add(channelName);
				_presenceMessage.AddOrUpdate(channelName, result, (key, oldValue) =>
				                             {
					if (reconnect)
					{
						List<object> oldResult = oldValue as List<object>;
						if (oldResult != null)
						{
							result[1] = oldResult[1];
						}
						return result;
					}
					else
					{
						return result;
					}
				});
				
				break;
			case ResponseType.Leave:
				result.Add(channelName);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			};//switch stmt end
			
			return result;
		}
		
		private void GoToCallback<T>(List<object> result, Action<T> Callback)
		{
			if (Callback != null)
			{
				if (typeof(T) == typeof(string))
				{
					JsonResponseToCallback(result, Callback);
				}
				else
				{
					Callback((T)(IList)result.AsReadOnly());
				}
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Retrieves the channel name from the url components
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="urlComponents"></param>
		/// <param name="type"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		private string GetChannelName(List<string> urlComponents, ResponseType type)
		{
			string channelName = "";
			switch (type)
			{
			case ResponseType.Subscribe:
				channelName = urlComponents[2];
				break;
			case ResponseType.Publish:
				channelName = urlComponents[4];
				break;
			case ResponseType.Presence:
				channelName = urlComponents[2];
				break;
			case ResponseType.DetailedHistory:
				channelName = urlComponents[5];
				break;
			case ResponseType.Here_Now:
				channelName = urlComponents[5];
				break;
			case ResponseType.Leave:
				channelName = urlComponents[5];
				break;
			default:
				break;
			};
			return channelName;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Serialize the given object into JSON string
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="objectToSerialize"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public static string SerializeToJsonString(object objectToSerialize)
		{
			return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(objectToSerialize);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Deserialize JSON string into List of Objects
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="jsonString"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public static List<object> DeserializeToListOfObject(string jsonString)
		{
			return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
		}
		
		private string EncodeUricomponent(string s, ResponseType type)
		{
			string encodedUri = "";
			StringBuilder o = new StringBuilder();
			foreach (char ch in s.ToCharArray())
			{
				if (IsUnsafe(ch))
				{
					o.Append('%');
					o.Append(ToHex(ch / 16));
					o.Append(ToHex(ch % 16));
				}
				else o.Append(ch);
			}
			encodedUri = o.ToString();
			if (type == ResponseType.Here_Now || type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory || type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				encodedUri = encodedUri.Replace("%2F", "%252F");
			}
			
			return encodedUri;
		}
		
		private char ToHex(int ch)
		{
			return (char)(ch < 10 ? '0' + ch : 'A' + ch - 10);
		}
		
		private bool IsUnsafe(char ch)
		{
			return " ~`!@#$%^&*()+=[]\\{}|;':\",./<>?".IndexOf(ch) >= 0;
		}
		
		
		public Guid GenerateGuid()
		{
			return Guid.NewGuid();
		}
		
		private static string Md5(string text)
		{
			MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
			byte[] data = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(text);
			byte[] hash = md5.ComputeHash(data);
			string hexaHash = "";
			foreach (byte b in hash) hexaHash += String.Format("{0:x2}", b);
			return hexaHash;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Convert the UTC/GMT DateTime to Unix Nano Seconds format
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="dotNetUTCDateTime"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public static long TranslateDateTimeToPubnubUnixNanoSeconds(DateTime dotNetUTCDateTime)
		{
			TimeSpan timeSpan = dotNetUTCDateTime - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
			long timeStamp = Convert.ToInt64(timeSpan.TotalSeconds) * 10000000;
			return timeStamp;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Convert the Unix Nano Seconds format time to UTC/GMT DateTime
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="unixNanoSecondTime"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		public static DateTime TranslatePubnubUnixNanoSecondsToDateTime(long unixNanoSecondTime)
		{
			double timeStamp = unixNanoSecondTime / 10000000;
			DateTime dateTime = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc).AddSeconds(timeStamp);
			return dateTime;
		}
		
		public void EndPendingRequests()
		{
			TerminatePendingWebRequest();
			TerminateHeartbeatTimer();
			TerminateReconnectTimer();
		}
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// MD5 Service provider
	/// </summary>
	internal class MD5CryptoServiceProvider : MD5
	{
		public MD5CryptoServiceProvider()
			: base()
		{
		}
	}
	/// <summary>
	/// MD5 messaging-digest algorithm is a widely used cryptographic hash function that produces 128-bit hash value.
	/// </summary>
	internal class MD5 : IDisposable
	{
		static public MD5 Create(string hashName)
		{
			if (hashName == "MD5")
				return new MD5();
			else
				throw new NotSupportedException();
		}
		
		static public String GetMd5String(String source)
		{
			MD5 md = MD5CryptoServiceProvider.Create();
			byte[] hash;
			
			//Create a new instance of ASCIIEncoding to 
			//convert the string into an array of Unicode bytes.
			UTF8Encoding enc = new UTF8Encoding();
			
			//Convert the string into an array of bytes.
			byte[] buffer = enc.GetBytes(source);
			
			//Create the hash value from the array of bytes.
			hash = md.ComputeHash(buffer);
			
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			foreach (byte b in hash)
				sb.Append(b.ToString("x2"));
			return sb.ToString();
		}
		
		static public MD5 Create()
		{
			return new MD5();
		}
		
		#region base implementation of the MD5
		#region constants
		private const byte S11 = 7;
		private const byte S12 = 12;
		private const byte S13 = 17;
		private const byte S14 = 22;
		private const byte S21 = 5;
		private const byte S22 = 9;
		private const byte S23 = 14;
		private const byte S24 = 20;
		private const byte S31 = 4;
		private const byte S32 = 11;
		private const byte S33 = 16;
		private const byte S34 = 23;
		private const byte S41 = 6;
		private const byte S42 = 10;
		private const byte S43 = 15;
		private const byte S44 = 21;
		static private byte[] PADDING = new byte[] {
			0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
			0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
			0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
			0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
		};
#endregion
		
		#region F, G, H and I are basic MD5 functions.
		static private uint F(uint x, uint y, uint z)
		{
			return (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)));
		}
		static private uint G(uint x, uint y, uint z)
		{
			return (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)));
		}
		static private uint H(uint x, uint y, uint z)
		{
			return ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z));
		}
		static private uint I(uint x, uint y, uint z)
		{
			return ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)));
		}
#endregion
		
		#region rotates x left n bits.
		/// <summary>
		/// rotates x left n bits.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="x"></param>
		/// <param name="n"></param>
		/// <returns></returns>
		static private uint ROTATE_LEFT(uint x, byte n)
		{
			return (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32 - (n))));
		}
#endregion
		
		#region FF, GG, HH, and II transformations
		/// FF, GG, HH, and II transformations 
		/// for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
		/// Rotation is separate from addition to prevent re-computation.
		static private void FF(ref uint a, uint b, uint c, uint d, uint x, byte s, uint ac)
		{
			(a) += F((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (uint)(ac);
			(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s));
			(a) += (b);
		}
		static private void GG(ref uint a, uint b, uint c, uint d, uint x, byte s, uint ac)
		{
			(a) += G((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (uint)(ac);
			(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s));
			(a) += (b);
		}
		static private void HH(ref uint a, uint b, uint c, uint d, uint x, byte s, uint ac)
		{
			(a) += H((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (uint)(ac);
			(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s));
			(a) += (b);
		}
		static private void II(ref uint a, uint b, uint c, uint d, uint x, byte s, uint ac)
		{
			(a) += I((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (uint)(ac);
			(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s));
			(a) += (b);
		}
#endregion
		
		#region context info
		/// <summary>
		/// state (ABCD)
		/// </summary>
		uint[] state = new uint[4];
		
		/// <summary>
		/// number of bits, modulo 2^64 (LSB first)
		/// </summary>
		uint[] count = new uint[2];
		
		/// <summary>
		/// input buffer
		/// </summary>
		byte[] buffer = new byte[64];
#endregion
		
		internal MD5()
		{
			Initialize();
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// MD5 initialization. Begins an MD5 operation, writing a new context.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// The RFC named it "MD5Init"
		/// </remarks>
		public virtual void Initialize()
		{
			count[0] = count[1] = 0;
			
			// Load magic initialization constants.
			state[0] = 0x67452301;
			state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
			state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
			state[3] = 0x10325476;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// MD5 block update operation. Continues an MD5 message-digest
		/// operation, processing another message block, and updating the
		/// context.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="input"></param>
		/// <param name="offset"></param>
		/// <param name="count"></param>
		/// <remarks>The RFC Named it MD5Update</remarks>
		protected virtual void HashCore(byte[] input, int offset, int count)
		{
			int i;
			int index;
			int partLen;
			
			// Compute number of bytes mod 64
			index = (int)((this.count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F);
			
			// Update number of bits
			if ((this.count[0] += (uint)((uint)count << 3)) < ((uint)count << 3))
				this.count[1]++;
			this.count[1] += ((uint)count >> 29);
			
			partLen = 64 - index;
			
			// Transform as many times as possible.
			if (count >= partLen)
			{
				Buffer.BlockCopy(input, offset, this.buffer, index, partLen);
				Transform(this.buffer, 0);
				
				for (i = partLen; i + 63 < count; i += 64)
					Transform(input, offset + i);
				
				index = 0;
			}
			else
				i = 0;
			
			// Buffer remaining input 
			Buffer.BlockCopy(input, offset + i, this.buffer, index, count - i);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// MD5 finalization. Ends an MD5 message-digest operation, writing the
		/// the message digest and zeroizing the context.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>message digest</returns>
		/// <remarks>The RFC named it MD5Final</remarks>
		protected virtual byte[] HashFinal()
		{
			byte[] digest = new byte[16];
			byte[] bits = new byte[8];
			int index, padLen;
			
			// Save number of bits
			Encode(bits, 0, this.count, 0, 8);
			
			// Pad out to 56 mod 64.
			index = (int)((uint)(this.count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
			padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
			HashCore(PADDING, 0, padLen);
			
			// Append length (before padding)
			HashCore(bits, 0, 8);
			
			// Store state in digest 
			Encode(digest, 0, state, 0, 16);
			
			// Zeroize sensitive information.
			count[0] = count[1] = 0;
			state[0] = 0;
			state[1] = 0;
			state[2] = 0;
			state[3] = 0;
			
			// initialize again, to be ready to use
			Initialize();
			
			return digest;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// MD5 basic transformation. Transforms state based on 64 bytes block.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="block"></param>
		/// <param name="offset"></param>
		private void Transform(byte[] block, int offset)
		{
			uint a = state[0], b = state[1], c = state[2], d = state[3];
			uint[] x = new uint[16];
			Decode(x, 0, block, offset, 64);
			
			// Round 1
			FF(ref a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
			FF(ref d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
			FF(ref c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
			FF(ref b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
			FF(ref a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
			FF(ref d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
			FF(ref c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
			FF(ref b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
			FF(ref a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
			FF(ref d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
			FF(ref c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
			FF(ref b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
			FF(ref a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
			FF(ref d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
			FF(ref c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
			FF(ref b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */
			
			// Round 2
			GG(ref a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
			GG(ref d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
			GG(ref c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
			GG(ref b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
			GG(ref a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
			GG(ref d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
			GG(ref c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
			GG(ref b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
			GG(ref a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
			GG(ref d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
			GG(ref c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
			GG(ref b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
			GG(ref a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
			GG(ref d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
			GG(ref c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
			GG(ref b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */
			
			// Round 3
			HH(ref a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
			HH(ref d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
			HH(ref c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
			HH(ref b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
			HH(ref a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
			HH(ref d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
			HH(ref c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
			HH(ref b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
			HH(ref a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
			HH(ref d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
			HH(ref c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
			HH(ref b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
			HH(ref a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
			HH(ref d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
			HH(ref c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
			HH(ref b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */
			
			// Round 4
			II(ref a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
			II(ref d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
			II(ref c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
			II(ref b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
			II(ref a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
			II(ref d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
			II(ref c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
			II(ref b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
			II(ref a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
			II(ref d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
			II(ref c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
			II(ref b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
			II(ref a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
			II(ref d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
			II(ref c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
			II(ref b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
			
			state[0] += a;
			state[1] += b;
			state[2] += c;
			state[3] += d;
			
			// Zeroize sensitive information.
			for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; i++)
				x[i] = 0;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Encodes input (uint) into output (byte). Assumes len is
		///  multiple of 4.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="output"></param>
		/// <param name="outputOffset"></param>
		/// <param name="input"></param>
		/// <param name="inputOffset"></param>
		/// <param name="count"></param>
		private static void Encode(byte[] output, int outputOffset, uint[] input, int inputOffset, int count)
		{
			int i, j;
			int end = outputOffset + count;
			for (i = inputOffset, j = outputOffset; j < end; i++, j += 4)
			{
				output[j] = (byte)(input[i] & 0xff);
				output[j + 1] = (byte)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
				output[j + 2] = (byte)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
				output[j + 3] = (byte)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Decodes input (byte) into output (uint). Assumes len is
		/// a multiple of 4.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="output"></param>
		/// <param name="outputOffset"></param>
		/// <param name="input"></param>
		/// <param name="inputOffset"></param>
		/// <param name="count"></param>
		static private void Decode(uint[] output, int outputOffset, byte[] input, int inputOffset, int count)
		{
			int i, j;
			int end = inputOffset + count;
			for (i = outputOffset, j = inputOffset; j < end; i++, j += 4)
				output[i] = ((uint)input[j]) | (((uint)input[j + 1]) << 8) | (((uint)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((uint)input[j + 3]) <<
				                                                                                             24);
		}
#endregion
		
		#region expose the same interface as the regular MD5 object
		
		protected byte[] HashValue;
		protected int State;
		public virtual bool CanReuseTransform
		{
			get
			{
				return true;
			}
		}
		
		public virtual bool CanTransformMultipleBlocks
		{
			get
			{
				return true;
			}
		}
		public virtual byte[] Hash
		{
			get
			{
				if (this.State != 0)
					throw new InvalidOperationException();
				return (byte[])HashValue.Clone();
			}
		}
		public virtual int HashSize
		{
			get
			{
				return HashSizeValue;
			}
		}
		protected int HashSizeValue = 128;
		
		public virtual int InputBlockSize
		{
			get
			{
				return 1;
			}
		}
		public virtual int OutputBlockSize
		{
			get
			{
				return 1;
			}
		}
		
		public void Clear()
		{
			Dispose(true);
		}
		
		public byte[] ComputeHash(byte[] buffer)
		{
			return ComputeHash(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
		}
		public byte[] ComputeHash(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
		{
			Initialize();
			HashCore(buffer, offset, count);
			HashValue = HashFinal();
			return (byte[])HashValue.Clone();
		}
		
		public byte[] ComputeHash(Stream inputStream)
		{
			Initialize();
			int count;
			byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
			while (0 < (count = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, 4096)))
			{
				HashCore(buffer, 0, count);
			}
			HashValue = HashFinal();
			return (byte[])HashValue.Clone();
		}
		
		public int TransformBlock(
			byte[] inputBuffer,
			int inputOffset,
			int inputCount,
			byte[] outputBuffer,
			int outputOffset
			)
		{
			if (inputBuffer == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentNullException("inputBuffer");
			}
			if (inputOffset < 0)
			{
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("inputOffset");
			}
			if ((inputCount < 0) || (inputCount > inputBuffer.Length))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("inputCount");
			}
			if ((inputBuffer.Length - inputCount) < inputOffset)
			{
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("inputOffset");
			}
			if (this.State == 0)
			{
				Initialize();
				this.State = 1;
			}
			
			HashCore(inputBuffer, inputOffset, inputCount);
			if ((inputBuffer != outputBuffer) || (inputOffset != outputOffset))
			{
				Buffer.BlockCopy(inputBuffer, inputOffset, outputBuffer, outputOffset, inputCount);
			}
			return inputCount;
		}
		public byte[] TransformFinalBlock(
			byte[] inputBuffer,
			int inputOffset,
			int inputCount
			)
		{
			if (inputBuffer == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentNullException("inputBuffer");
			}
			if (inputOffset < 0)
			{
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("inputOffset");
			}
			if ((inputCount < 0) || (inputCount > inputBuffer.Length))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("inputCount");
			}
			if ((inputBuffer.Length - inputCount) < inputOffset)
			{
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("inputOffset");
			}
			if (this.State == 0)
			{
				Initialize();
			}
			HashCore(inputBuffer, inputOffset, inputCount);
			HashValue = HashFinal();
			byte[] buffer = new byte[inputCount];
			Buffer.BlockCopy(inputBuffer, inputOffset, buffer, 0, inputCount);
			this.State = 0;
			return buffer;
		}
#endregion
		
		protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
		{
			if (!disposing)
				Initialize();
		}
		public void Dispose()
		{
			Dispose(true);
		}
	}
	
	public class PubnubCrypto
	{
		private string cipherKey = "";
		public PubnubCrypto(string cipher_key)
		{
			this.cipherKey = cipher_key;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Computes the hash using the specified algo
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>
		/// The hash.
		/// </returns>
		/// <param name='input'>
		/// Input string
		/// </param>
		/// <param name='algorithm'>
		/// Algorithm to use for Hashing
		/// </param>
		private static string ComputeHash(string input, HashAlgorithm algorithm)
		{
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
			Byte[] inputBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
#else
			Byte[] inputBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);
#endif
			Byte[] hashedBytes = algorithm.ComputeHash(inputBytes);
			return BitConverter.ToString(hashedBytes);
		}
		
		private string GetEncryptionKey()
		{
			//Compute Hash using the SHA256 
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE || MONOTOUCH || MONODROID)
			string strKeySHA256HashRaw = ComputeHash(this.cipherKey, new System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256Managed());
#else
			string strKeySHA256HashRaw = ComputeHash(this.cipherKey, new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider());
#endif
			//delete the "-" that appear after every 2 chars
			string strKeySHA256Hash = (strKeySHA256HashRaw.Replace("-", "")).Substring(0, 32);
			//convert to lower case
			return strKeySHA256Hash.ToLower();
		}
		
		/**
         * EncryptOrDecrypt
         * 
         * Basic function for encrypt or decrypt a string
         * for encrypt type = true
         * for decrypt type = false
         */
		private string EncryptOrDecrypt(bool type, string plainStr)
		{
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
			AesManaged aesEncryption = new AesManaged();
			aesEncryption.KeySize = 256;
			aesEncryption.BlockSize = 128;
			//get ASCII bytes of the string
			aesEncryption.IV = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("0123456789012345");
			aesEncryption.Key = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(GetEncryptionKey());
#else
			RijndaelManaged aesEncryption = new RijndaelManaged();
			aesEncryption.KeySize = 256;
			aesEncryption.BlockSize = 128;
			//Mode CBC
			aesEncryption.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
			//padding
			aesEncryption.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
			//get ASCII bytes of the string
			aesEncryption.IV = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("0123456789012345");
			aesEncryption.Key = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(GetEncryptionKey());
#endif
			
			if (type)
			{
				ICryptoTransform crypto = aesEncryption.CreateEncryptor();
				plainStr = EncodeNonAsciiCharacters(plainStr);
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
				byte[] plainText = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainStr);
#else
				byte[] plainText = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(plainStr);
#endif
				
				//encrypt
				byte[] cipherText = crypto.TransformFinalBlock(plainText, 0, plainText.Length);
				return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherText);
			}
			else
			{
				try
				{
					ICryptoTransform decrypto = aesEncryption.CreateDecryptor();
					//decode
					byte[] decryptedBytes = Convert.FromBase64CharArray(plainStr.ToCharArray(), 0, plainStr.Length);
					
					//decrypt
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
					var data = decrypto.TransformFinalBlock(decryptedBytes, 0, decryptedBytes.Length);
					string decrypted = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, data.Length);
#else
					string decrypted = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(decrypto.TransformFinalBlock(decryptedBytes, 0, decryptedBytes.Length));
#endif
					
					return decrypted;
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Decrypt Error. {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelVerbose);
					return "**DECRYPT ERROR**";
				}
			}
		}
		
		// encrypt string
		public string Encrypt(string plainText)
		{
			if (plainText == null || plainText.Length <= 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("plainText");
			
			return EncryptOrDecrypt(true, plainText);
		}
		
		// decrypt string
		public string Decrypt(string cipherText)
		{
			if (cipherText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cipherText");
			
			return EncryptOrDecrypt(false, cipherText);
		}
		
		//md5 used for AES encryption key
		private static byte[] Md5(string cipherKey)
		{
			MD5 obj = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
			byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cipherKey);
#else
			byte[] data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(cipherKey);
#endif
			return obj.ComputeHash(data);
		}
		/// <summary>
		/// Encodes the non ASCII characters.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>
		/// The non ASCII characters.
		/// </returns>
		/// <param name='value'>
		/// Value.
		/// </param>
		private string EncodeNonAsciiCharacters(string value)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			foreach (char c in value)
			{
				if (c > 127)
				{
					// This character is too big for ASCII
					string encodedValue = "\\u" + ((int)c).ToString("x4");
					sb.Append(encodedValue);
				}
				else
				{
					sb.Append(c);
				}
			}
			return sb.ToString();
		}
		
	}
	
	internal enum ResponseType
	{
		Publish,
		History,
		Time,
		Subscribe,
		Presence,
		Here_Now,
		DetailedHistory,
		Leave
	}
	
	internal class ReconnectState<T>
	{
		public string channel;
		public ResponseType type;
		public Action<T> callback;
		public Action<T> connectCallback;
		public object timetoken;
		
		public ReconnectState()
		{
			channel = "";
			callback = null;
			connectCallback = null;
			timetoken = null;
		}
	}
	
	internal class RequestState
	{
		public PubnubWebRequest request;
		public PubnubWebResponse response;
		public ResponseType type;
		public string channel;
		public bool timeout;
		
		public RequestState()
		{
			request = null;
			response = null;
			channel = "";
		}
	}
	
	internal class InternetState
	{
		public Action<bool> callback;
		
		public InternetState()
		{
			callback = null;
		}
	}
	
	internal class ClientNetworkStatus
	{
		private static bool _status = true;
		
#if (SILVERLIGHT  || WINDOWS_PHONE)
		private static ManualResetEvent mres = new ManualResetEvent(false);
		private static ManualResetEvent mreSocketAsync = new ManualResetEvent(false);
#else
		private static ManualResetEventSlim mres = new ManualResetEventSlim(false);
#endif
		internal static void CheckInternetStatus(bool systemActive, Action<bool> Callback)
		{
			if (Callback != null)
			{
				try
				{
					if (systemActive)
					{
						CheckClientNetworkAvailability(Callback);
					}
					else
					{
						Callback(false);
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} checkInternetStatus Error. {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				}
			}
		}
		
		internal static bool CheckInternetStatus(bool systemActive)
		{
			CheckClientNetworkAvailability(CallbackClientNetworkStatus);
			return _status;
		}
		
		
		private static void CallbackClientNetworkStatus(bool status)
		{
			_status = status;
		}
		
		private static void CheckClientNetworkAvailability(Action<bool> callback)
		{
			InternetState state = new InternetState();
			state.callback = callback;
			ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(CheckSocketConnect, state);
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
			mres.WaitOne();
#else
			mres.Wait();
#endif
		}
		
		private static void CheckSocketConnect(object internetState)
		{
			InternetState state = internetState as InternetState;
			Action<bool> callback = state.callback;
			try
			{
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
				using (Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
				{
					SocketAsyncEventArgs sae = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
					sae.UserToken = state;
					sae.RemoteEndPoint = new DnsEndPoint("pubsub.pubnub.com", 80);
					sae.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(socketAsync_Completed);
					bool test = socket.ConnectAsync(sae);
					
					mreSocketAsync.WaitOne(1000);
					sae.Completed -= new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(socketAsync_Completed);
					socket.Close();
				}
#else
				using (UdpClient udp = new UdpClient("pubsub.pubnub.com", 80))
				{
					IPAddress localAddress = ((IPEndPoint)udp.Client.LocalEndPoint).Address;
					udp.Close();
					
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} checkInternetStatus LocalIP: {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), localAddress.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelVerbose);
					callback(true);
				}
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} checkInternetStatus Error. {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelError);
				callback(false);
			}
			mres.Set();
		}
		
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
		static void socketAsync_Completed(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
		{
			if (e.LastOperation == SocketAsyncOperation.Connect)
			{
				Socket skt = sender as Socket;
				InternetState state = e.UserToken as InternetState;
				if (state != null)
				{
					LoggingMethod.WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} socketAsync_Completed.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), LoggingMethod.LevelInfo);
					state.callback(true);
				}
				mreSocketAsync.Set();
			}
		}
#endif
		
	}
	
	internal class LoggingMethod
	{
		private static int logLevel = 0;
		public static Level LogLevel
		{
			get
			{
				return (Level)logLevel;
			}
			set
			{
				logLevel = (int)value;
			}
		}
		public enum Level
		{
			Off,
			Error,
			Info,
			Verbose,
			Warning
		}
		
		public static bool LevelError
		{
			get
			{
				return (int)LogLevel >= 1;
			}
		}
		
		public static bool LevelInfo
		{
			get
			{
				return (int)LogLevel >= 2;
			}
		}
		
		public static bool LevelVerbose
		{
			get
			{
				return (int)LogLevel >= 3;
			}
		}
		
		public static bool LevelWarning
		{
			get
			{
				return (int)LogLevel >= 4;
			}
		}
		
		public static void WriteToLog(string logText, bool writeToLog)
		{
			if (writeToLog)
			{
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE || MONOTOUCH || MONODROID)
				Debug.WriteLine(logText);
#else
				Trace.WriteLine(logText);
#endif
			}
		}
	}
	
	public interface IPubnubUnitTest
	{
		bool EnableStubTest
		{
			get;
			set;
		}
		
		string TestClassName
		{
			get;
			set;
		}
		
		string TestCaseName
		{
			get;
			set;
		}
		
		string GetStubResponse(Uri request);
	}
	
	internal class PubnubWebRequestCreator : IWebRequestCreate
	{
		private IPubnubUnitTest pubnubUnitTest = null;
		public PubnubWebRequestCreator()
		{
		}
		
		public PubnubWebRequestCreator(IPubnubUnitTest pubnubUnitTest)
		{
			this.pubnubUnitTest = pubnubUnitTest;
		}
		
		public WebRequest Create(Uri uri)
		{
			HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
			if (this.pubnubUnitTest is IPubnubUnitTest)
			{
				return new PubnubWebRequest(req, pubnubUnitTest);
			}
			else
			{
				return new PubnubWebRequest(req);
			}
		}
	}
	
	internal class PubnubWebRequest : WebRequest
	{
		private IPubnubUnitTest pubnubUnitTest = null;
		
		HttpWebRequest request;
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		private int _timeout;
		public override int Timeout
		{
			get
			{
				return _timeout;
			}
			set
			{
				_timeout = value;
				if (request != null)
				{
					request.Timeout = _timeout;
				}
			}
		}
		
		public override IWebProxy Proxy
		{
			get
			{
				return request.Proxy;
			}
			set
			{
				request.Proxy = value;
			}
		}
		
		public override bool PreAuthenticate
		{
			get
			{
				return request.PreAuthenticate;
			}
			set
			{
				request.PreAuthenticate = value;
			}
		}
#endif
		
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		public ServicePoint ServicePoint;
#endif
		
		public PubnubWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
		{
			this.request = request;
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
			this.ServicePoint = this.request.ServicePoint;
#endif
		}
		public PubnubWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request, IPubnubUnitTest pubnubUnitTest)
		{
			this.request = request;
			this.pubnubUnitTest = pubnubUnitTest;
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
			this.ServicePoint = this.request.ServicePoint;
#endif
		}
		
		public override void Abort()
		{
			if (request != null)
			{
				request.Abort();
			}
		}
		
		public override WebHeaderCollection Headers
		{
			get
			{
				return request.Headers;
			}
			set
			{
				request.Headers = value;
			}
		}
		
		public override string Method
		{
			get
			{
				return request.Method;
			}
			set
			{
				request.Method = value;
			}
		}
		
		public override string ContentType
		{
			get
			{
				return request.ContentType;
			}
			set
			{
				request.ContentType = value;
			}
		}
		
		public override ICredentials Credentials
		{
			get
			{
				return request.Credentials;
			}
			set
			{
				request.Credentials = value;
			}
		}
		
		public override IAsyncResult BeginGetRequestStream(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
		{
			return request.BeginGetRequestStream(callback, state);
		}
		
		public override Stream EndGetRequestStream(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
		{
			return request.EndGetRequestStream(asyncResult);
		}
		
		public override IAsyncResult BeginGetResponse(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
		{
			if (pubnubUnitTest is IPubnubUnitTest && pubnubUnitTest.EnableStubTest)
			{
				return new PubnubWebAsyncResult(callback, state);
			}
			else
			{
				return request.BeginGetResponse(callback, state);
			}
		}
		
		public override WebResponse EndGetResponse(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
		{
			if (pubnubUnitTest is IPubnubUnitTest && pubnubUnitTest.EnableStubTest)
			{
				string stubResponse = pubnubUnitTest.GetStubResponse(request.RequestUri);
				return new PubnubWebResponse(new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stubResponse)));
			}
			else
			{
				return new PubnubWebResponse(request.EndGetResponse(asyncResult));
			}
		}
		
		public override Uri RequestUri
		{
			get
			{
				return request.RequestUri;
			}
		}
	}
	
	internal class PubnubWebResponse : WebResponse
	{
		WebResponse response;
		readonly Stream _responseStream;
		
		public PubnubWebResponse(WebResponse response)
		{
			this.response = response;
		}
		
		public PubnubWebResponse(Stream responseStream)
		{
			_responseStream = responseStream;
		}
		
		public override Stream GetResponseStream()
		{
			if (response != null)
				return response.GetResponseStream();
			else
				return _responseStream;
		}
		
		public override void Close()
		{
			if (response != null)
			{
				response.Close();
			}
		}
		
		public override long ContentLength
		{
			get
			{
				return response.ContentLength;
			}
		}
		
		public override string ContentType
		{
			get
			{
				return response.ContentType;
			}
		}
		
		public override Uri ResponseUri
		{
			get
			{
				return response.ResponseUri;
			}
		}
	}
	
	internal class PubnubWebAsyncResult : IAsyncResult
	{
		private const int pubnubDefaultLatencyInMilliSeconds = 1; //PubnubDefaultLatencyInMilliSeconds
		private readonly AsyncCallback _callback;
		private readonly object _state;
		private readonly ManualResetEvent _waitHandle;
		private readonly Timer _timer;
		
		public bool IsCompleted 
		{ 
			get; private set; 
		}
		
		public WaitHandle AsyncWaitHandle
		{
			get { return _waitHandle; }
		}
		
		public object AsyncState
		{
			get { return _state; }
		}
		
		public bool CompletedSynchronously
		{
			get { return IsCompleted; }
		}
		
		public PubnubWebAsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
			: this(callback, state, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(pubnubDefaultLatencyInMilliSeconds))
		{
		}
		
		public PubnubWebAsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state, TimeSpan latency)
		{
			IsCompleted = false;
			_callback = callback;
			_state = state;
			_waitHandle = new ManualResetEvent(false);
			_timer = new Timer(onTimer => NotifyComplete(), null, latency, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1));
		}
		
		public void Abort()
		{
			_timer.Dispose();
			NotifyComplete();
		}
		
		private void NotifyComplete()
		{
			IsCompleted = true;
			_waitHandle.Set();
			if (_callback != null)
				_callback(this);
		}
	}
	
	public class PubnubProxy
	{
		string proxyServer;
		int proxyPort;
		string proxyUserName;
		string proxyPassword;
		
		public string ProxyServer
		{
			get
			{
				return proxyServer;
			}
			set
			{
				proxyServer = value;
			}
		}
		
		public int ProxyPort
		{
			get
			{
				return proxyPort;
			}
			set
			{
				proxyPort = value;
			}
		}
		
		public string ProxyUserName
		{
			get
			{
				return proxyUserName;
			}
			set
			{
				proxyUserName = value;
			}
		}
		
		public string ProxyPassword
		{
			get
			{
				return proxyPassword;
			}
			set
			{
				proxyPassword = value;
			}
		}
	}
	
}