Add support for Ubuntu 24.04

[joshcooper]

Ubuntu 24.04 ships a puppet-agent 8 package which uses different paths than ours. To ensure we install the correct puppet-agent package, install the specific puppet-agent artifact.

[joshcooper]

I was able to install the expected 7.x puppet-agent package on Ubuntu 24.04.

$ cd ~/work/facter/acceptance
$ export BEAKER_PUPPET_VERSION="https://github.com/voxpupuli/beaker-puppet#install_repo"
$ export BEAKER_VERSION="~> 6.0" 
$ bundle update
$ env SHA=3eacd8cdb010b0152739539bd42d9a4ce4bd91e1 HOSTS=ubuntu2404-64a bundle exec rake ci:test:setup
...

It's not the solution we talked about during office hours... On one hand, I think there's a case to be made to always install the puppet-agent artifact we built on all platforms instead of "let's rely on the package manager to figure it out". That additional indirection and complexity means we could end up testing the wrong package as the Ubuntu 24.04 case shows (and fortunately tests failed so we knew to investigate).

It's true we're not testing the deb/rpm repos, but we weren't doing that previously and the public/final release packages are completely separate. In other words, we don't ship the per-version/sha packages publicly.

[cthorn42]

Eventually I assume pe_repo will be updated for ubuntu 24.04, and that will cover if we are correctly pinning correctly.It isn't perfect, but it is okay if we're not testing that here.

[skyamgarp]

I also executed jenkins ad-hoc pipeline with this change.

https://jenkins-platform.delivery.puppetlabs.net/view/puppet-agent/view/ad-hoc/job/platform_puppet-agent-extra_puppet-agent-integration-suite_adhoc-ad_hoc/

Are we expecting any specific reviews for this one? or this is good to merge?