Describe a DataTree: adding visualization and summarization capabilities

[eschalkargans]

Is your feature request related to a problem?

The string and rich representations of Dataset and DataArrays are standardized. However, the DataTrees can become pretty complex structurally (unlike DataArrays and Dataset). Hence, adding visualizations capabilities to summarize would be helpful, like the pandas describe method, that summarizes a DataFrame.

Describing the DataTree can be a lite-weight string representation focusing on the structure of the tree only without the contents.

Describe the solution you'd like

Here is some code I used to achieve that goal:

# Example taken from
# https://xarray-datatree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/hierarchical-data.html#ancestry-in-an-evolutionary-tree
vertebrates = dt.DataTree.from_dict(
    name="Vertebrae",
    d={
        "/Sharks": None,
        "/Bony Skeleton/Ray-finned Fish": None,
        "/Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amphibians": None,
        "/Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Primates": None,
        "/Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits": xr.Dataset(
            {f"variable_{k}": None for k in "abc"}
        ),
        "/Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs": xr.Dataset(
            {f"variable_{k}": None for k in "abc"}
        ),
        "/Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds": xr.Dataset(
            {f"variable_{k}": None for k in "abc"}
        ),
    },
)


def repr_datatree(
    xdt: dt.DataTree,
    *,
    tabsize: int = 4,
    offset: int = 1,
    with_full_path: bool = False,
    with_group_variables: bool = False,
):
    lines = []
    for node in xdt.subtree:
        path = PurePosixPath(node.path)
        tabs = len(path.parts)
        lines.append(f'{" " * ((tabs - offset) * tabsize)}{(node.name) if not with_full_path else path}')
        if with_group_variables:
            for varname in node.ds.data_vars:
                lines.append(f'{" " * (tabs * tabsize)}{path / varname if with_full_path else varname}')
    return "\n".join(lines)

print(repr_datatree(vertebrates, with_full_path=False, with_group_variables=False))

Vertebrae
    Sharks
    Bony Skeleton
        Ray-finned Fish
        Four Limbs
            Amphibians
            Amniotic Egg
                Hair
                    Primates
                    Rodents & Rabbits
                Two Fenestrae
                    Dinosaurs
                    Birds

print(repr_datatree(vertebrates, with_full_path=False, with_group_variables=True))

Vertebrae
    Sharks
    Bony Skeleton
        Ray-finned Fish
        Four Limbs
            Amphibians
            Amniotic Egg
                Hair
                    Primates
                    Rodents & Rabbits
                        variable_a
                        variable_b
                        variable_c
                Two Fenestrae
                    Dinosaurs
                        variable_a
                        variable_b
                        variable_c
                    Birds
                        variable_a
                        variable_b
                        variable_c

print(repr_datatree(vertebrates, with_full_path=True, with_group_variables=False))

/
    /Sharks
    /Bony Skeleton
        /Bony Skeleton/Ray-finned Fish
        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs
            /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amphibians
            /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg
                /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Primates
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits
                /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds

print(repr_datatree(vertebrates, with_full_path=True, with_group_variables=True))

/
    /Sharks
    /Bony Skeleton
        /Bony Skeleton/Ray-finned Fish
        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs
            /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amphibians
            /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg
                /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Primates
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits/variable_a
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits/variable_b
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Hair/Rodents & Rabbits/variable_c
                /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs/variable_a
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs/variable_b
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Dinosaurs/variable_c
                    /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds/variable_a
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds/variable_b
                        /Bony Skeleton/Four Limbs/Amniotic Egg/Two Fenestrae/Birds/variable_c

def empty_datatree_structure(xdt: dt.DataTree) -> dt.DataTree:
    # Print an empty datatree from a full structure (like a tree command)
    return dt.DataTree.from_dict({k.path: None for k in xdt.leaves})


empty_datatree_structure(loaded_xdt)

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

Issue content taken from xarray-contrib/datatree#334