Crash ParentMissingError for comparison with Protocol.__name__

[AllexVeldman]

Bug description

Pylint crashes when comparing to __name__ on a Protocol.
Also applies to subclasses of the Protocol.

from typing import Protocol
# pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring,too-few-public-methods,pointless-statement

class Foo(Protocol):
    __name__: str

Foo.__name__ == "a"

Command used

pylint tmp.py

Pylint output

pylint crashed with a ``AstroidError`` and with the following stacktrace:

Exception on node <Compare l.10 at 0x103257ed0> in file '.../tmp.py'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/.../pylint/checkers/utils.py", line 1390, in safe_infer
    value = next(infer_gen)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/.../astroid/nodes/node_ng.py", line 171, in infer
    yield from self._infer(context=context, **kwargs)
  File "/.../astroid/decorators.py", line 143, in raise_if_nothing_inferred
    yield next(generator)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/.../astroid/decorators.py", line 112, in wrapped
    for res in _func(node, context, **kwargs):
  File "/.../astroid/inference.py", line 372, in infer_attribute
    yield from owner.igetattr(self.attrname, context)
  File "/.../astroid/nodes/scoped_nodes/scoped_nodes.py", line 2650, in igetattr
    first_scope = first_attr.scope()
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/.../astroid/nodes/node_ng.py", line 362, in scope
    raise ParentMissingError(target=self)
astroid.exceptions.ParentMissingError: Parent not found on <Const.str l.None at 0x103a58dd0>.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/.../pylint/utils/ast_walker.py", line 91, in walk
    callback(astroid)
  File "/.../pylint/checkers/base/comparison_checker.py", line 298, in visit_compare
    self._check_callable_comparison(node)
  File "/.../pylint/checkers/base/comparison_checker.py", line 276, in _check_callable_comparison
    inferred = utils.safe_infer(operand)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/.../pylint/checkers/utils.py", line 1394, in safe_infer
    raise AstroidError from e
astroid.exceptions.AstroidError
************* Module tmp
tmp.py:1:0: F0002: tmp.py: Fatal error while checking 'tmp.py'. Please open an issue in our bug tracker so we address this. There is a pre-filled template that you can use in '/.../pylint/pylint-crash-2023-08-03-14-41-00.txt'. (astroid-error)

Expected behavior

No crash

Pylint version

pylint 2.17.5
astroid 2.15.6
Python 3.11.4 (main, Jun 20 2023, 15:19:52) [Clang 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1)]

OS / Environment

OS: MacOS 13.4.1
Virtualenv: Created by poetry 1.5.1