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dates.py
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dates.py
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"""
babel.dates
~~~~~~~~~~~
Locale dependent formatting and parsing of dates and times.
The default locale for the functions in this module is determined by the
following environment variables, in that order:
* ``LC_TIME``,
* ``LC_ALL``, and
* ``LANG``
:copyright: (c) 2013-2022 by the Babel Team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import re
import warnings
import pytz as _pytz
from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
from bisect import bisect_right
from babel.core import default_locale, get_global, Locale
from babel.util import UTC, LOCALTZ
# "If a given short metazone form is known NOT to be understood in a given
# locale and the parent locale has this value such that it would normally
# be inherited, the inheritance of this value can be explicitly disabled by
# use of the 'no inheritance marker' as the value, which is 3 simultaneous [sic]
# empty set characters ( U+2205 )."
# - https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#Metazone_Names
NO_INHERITANCE_MARKER = u'\u2205\u2205\u2205'
LC_TIME = default_locale('LC_TIME')
# Aliases for use in scopes where the modules are shadowed by local variables
date_ = date
datetime_ = datetime
time_ = time
def _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo):
"""
Parse a `dt_or_tzinfo` value into a datetime and a tzinfo.
See the docs for this function's callers for semantics.
:rtype: tuple[datetime, tzinfo]
"""
if dt_or_tzinfo is None:
dt = datetime.now()
tzinfo = LOCALTZ
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, str):
dt = None
tzinfo = get_timezone(dt_or_tzinfo)
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, int):
dt = None
tzinfo = UTC
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, (datetime, time)):
dt = _get_datetime(dt_or_tzinfo)
if dt.tzinfo is not None:
tzinfo = dt.tzinfo
else:
tzinfo = UTC
else:
dt = None
tzinfo = dt_or_tzinfo
return dt, tzinfo
def _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo):
"""
Get the timezone name out of a time, datetime, or tzinfo object.
:rtype: str
"""
dt, tzinfo = _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo)
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'zone'): # pytz object
return tzinfo.zone
elif hasattr(tzinfo, 'key') and tzinfo.key is not None: # ZoneInfo object
return tzinfo.key
else:
return tzinfo.tzname(dt or datetime.utcnow())
def _get_datetime(instant):
"""
Get a datetime out of an "instant" (date, time, datetime, number).
.. warning:: The return values of this function may depend on the system clock.
If the instant is None, the current moment is used.
If the instant is a time, it's augmented with today's date.
Dates are converted to naive datetimes with midnight as the time component.
>>> _get_datetime(date(2015, 1, 1))
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0)
UNIX timestamps are converted to datetimes.
>>> _get_datetime(1400000000)
datetime.datetime(2014, 5, 13, 16, 53, 20)
Other values are passed through as-is.
>>> x = datetime(2015, 1, 1)
>>> _get_datetime(x) is x
True
:param instant: date, time, datetime, integer, float or None
:type instant: date|time|datetime|int|float|None
:return: a datetime
:rtype: datetime
"""
if instant is None:
return datetime_.utcnow()
elif isinstance(instant, int) or isinstance(instant, float):
return datetime_.utcfromtimestamp(instant)
elif isinstance(instant, time):
return datetime_.combine(date.today(), instant)
elif isinstance(instant, date) and not isinstance(instant, datetime):
return datetime_.combine(instant, time())
# TODO (3.x): Add an assertion/type check for this fallthrough branch:
return instant
def _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(datetime, tzinfo=None):
"""
Ensure the datetime passed has an attached tzinfo.
If the datetime is tz-naive to begin with, UTC is attached.
If a tzinfo is passed in, the datetime is normalized to that timezone.
>>> _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(datetime(2015, 1, 1)).tzinfo.zone
'UTC'
>>> tz = get_timezone("Europe/Stockholm")
>>> _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(datetime(2015, 1, 1, 13, 15, tzinfo=UTC), tzinfo=tz).hour
14
:param datetime: Datetime to augment.
:param tzinfo: Optional tznfo.
:return: datetime with tzinfo
:rtype: datetime
"""
if datetime.tzinfo is None:
datetime = datetime.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
if tzinfo is not None:
datetime = datetime.astimezone(get_timezone(tzinfo))
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'normalize'): # pytz
datetime = tzinfo.normalize(datetime)
return datetime
def _get_time(time, tzinfo=None):
"""
Get a timezoned time from a given instant.
.. warning:: The return values of this function may depend on the system clock.
:param time: time, datetime or None
:rtype: time
"""
if time is None:
time = datetime.utcnow()
elif isinstance(time, (int, float)):
time = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time)
if time.tzinfo is None:
time = time.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
if isinstance(time, datetime):
if tzinfo is not None:
time = time.astimezone(tzinfo)
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'normalize'): # pytz
time = tzinfo.normalize(time)
time = time.timetz()
elif tzinfo is not None:
time = time.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
return time
def get_timezone(zone=None):
"""Looks up a timezone by name and returns it. The timezone object
returned comes from ``pytz`` and corresponds to the `tzinfo` interface and
can be used with all of the functions of Babel that operate with dates.
If a timezone is not known a :exc:`LookupError` is raised. If `zone`
is ``None`` a local zone object is returned.
:param zone: the name of the timezone to look up. If a timezone object
itself is passed in, mit's returned unchanged.
"""
if zone is None:
return LOCALTZ
if not isinstance(zone, str):
return zone
try:
return _pytz.timezone(zone)
except _pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError:
raise LookupError('Unknown timezone %s' % zone)
def get_next_timezone_transition(zone=None, dt=None):
"""Given a timezone it will return a :class:`TimezoneTransition` object
that holds the information about the next timezone transition that's going
to happen. For instance this can be used to detect when the next DST
change is going to happen and how it looks like.
The transition is calculated relative to the given datetime object. The
next transition that follows the date is used. If a transition cannot
be found the return value will be `None`.
Transition information can only be provided for timezones returned by
the :func:`get_timezone` function.
This function is pending deprecation with no replacement planned in the
Babel library.
:param zone: the timezone for which the transition should be looked up.
If not provided the local timezone is used.
:param dt: the date after which the next transition should be found.
If not given the current time is assumed.
"""
warnings.warn(
"get_next_timezone_transition() is deprecated and will be "
"removed in the next version of Babel. "
"Please see https://github.com/python-babel/babel/issues/716 "
"for discussion.",
category=DeprecationWarning,
)
zone = get_timezone(zone)
dt = _get_datetime(dt).replace(tzinfo=None)
if not hasattr(zone, '_utc_transition_times'):
raise TypeError('Given timezone does not have UTC transition '
'times. This can happen because the operating '
'system fallback local timezone is used or a '
'custom timezone object')
try:
idx = max(0, bisect_right(zone._utc_transition_times, dt))
old_trans = zone._transition_info[idx - 1]
new_trans = zone._transition_info[idx]
old_tz = zone._tzinfos[old_trans]
new_tz = zone._tzinfos[new_trans]
except (LookupError, ValueError):
return None
return TimezoneTransition(
activates=zone._utc_transition_times[idx],
from_tzinfo=old_tz,
to_tzinfo=new_tz,
reference_date=dt
)
class TimezoneTransition:
"""A helper object that represents the return value from
:func:`get_next_timezone_transition`.
This class is pending deprecation with no replacement planned in the
Babel library.
:field activates:
The time of the activation of the timezone transition in UTC.
:field from_tzinfo:
The timezone from where the transition starts.
:field to_tzinfo:
The timezone for after the transition.
:field reference_date:
The reference date that was provided. This is the `dt` parameter
to the :func:`get_next_timezone_transition`.
"""
def __init__(self, activates, from_tzinfo, to_tzinfo, reference_date=None):
warnings.warn(
"TimezoneTransition is deprecated and will be "
"removed in the next version of Babel. "
"Please see https://github.com/python-babel/babel/issues/716 "
"for discussion.",
category=DeprecationWarning,
)
self.activates = activates
self.from_tzinfo = from_tzinfo
self.to_tzinfo = to_tzinfo
self.reference_date = reference_date
@property
def from_tz(self):
"""The name of the timezone before the transition."""
return self.from_tzinfo._tzname
@property
def to_tz(self):
"""The name of the timezone after the transition."""
return self.to_tzinfo._tzname
@property
def from_offset(self):
"""The UTC offset in seconds before the transition."""
return int(self.from_tzinfo._utcoffset.total_seconds())
@property
def to_offset(self):
"""The UTC offset in seconds after the transition."""
return int(self.to_tzinfo._utcoffset.total_seconds())
def __repr__(self):
return '<TimezoneTransition %s -> %s (%s)>' % (
self.from_tz,
self.to_tz,
self.activates,
)
def get_period_names(width='wide', context='stand-alone', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the names for day periods (AM/PM) used by the locale.
>>> get_period_names(locale='en_US')['am']
u'AM'
:param width: the width to use, one of "abbreviated", "narrow", or "wide"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).day_periods[context][width]
def get_day_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the day names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_day_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Tuesday'
>>> get_day_names('short', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Tu'
>>> get_day_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'mar'
>>> get_day_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'D'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", "short" or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).days[context][width]
def get_month_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the month names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_month_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'January'
>>> get_month_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'ene'
>>> get_month_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'J'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).months[context][width]
def get_quarter_names(width='wide', context='format', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the quarter names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_quarter_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'1st quarter'
>>> get_quarter_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'Q1'
>>> get_quarter_names('narrow', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'1'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).quarters[context][width]
def get_era_names(width='wide', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the era names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_era_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Anno Domini'
>>> get_era_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'n. Chr.'
:param width: the width to use, either "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).eras[width]
def get_date_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the date formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified
format.
>>> get_date_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'MMM d, y'>
>>> get_date_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u'EEEE, d. MMMM y'>
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).date_formats[format]
def get_datetime_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the datetime formatting patterns used by the locale for the
specified format.
>>> get_datetime_format(locale='en_US')
u'{1}, {0}'
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
patterns = Locale.parse(locale).datetime_formats
if format not in patterns:
format = None
return patterns[format]
def get_time_format(format='medium', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return the time formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified
format.
>>> get_time_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'h:mm:ss a'>
>>> get_time_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u'HH:mm:ss zzzz'>
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).time_formats[format]
def get_timezone_gmt(datetime=None, width='long', locale=LC_TIME, return_z=False):
"""Return the timezone associated with the given `datetime` object formatted
as string indicating the offset from GMT.
>>> dt = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en')
u'GMT+00:00'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', return_z=True)
'Z'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', width='iso8601_short')
u'+00'
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
>>> dt = tz.localize(datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30))
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en')
u'GMT-07:00'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, 'short', locale='en')
u'-0700'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', width='iso8601_short')
u'-07'
The long format depends on the locale, for example in France the acronym
UTC string is used instead of GMT:
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, 'long', locale='fr_FR')
u'UTC-07:00'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param datetime: the ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current date and
time in UTC is used
:param width: either "long" or "short" or "iso8601" or "iso8601_short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_z: True or False; Function returns indicator "Z"
when local time offset is 0
"""
datetime = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(datetime))
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
offset = datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset(datetime)
seconds = offset.days * 24 * 60 * 60 + offset.seconds
hours, seconds = divmod(seconds, 3600)
if return_z and hours == 0 and seconds == 0:
return 'Z'
elif seconds == 0 and width == 'iso8601_short':
return u'%+03d' % hours
elif width == 'short' or width == 'iso8601_short':
pattern = u'%+03d%02d'
elif width == 'iso8601':
pattern = u'%+03d:%02d'
else:
pattern = locale.zone_formats['gmt'] % '%+03d:%02d'
return pattern % (hours, seconds // 60)
def get_timezone_location(dt_or_tzinfo=None, locale=LC_TIME, return_city=False):
u"""Return a representation of the given timezone using "location format".
The result depends on both the local display name of the country and the
city associated with the time zone:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='de_DE'))
Kanada (St. John’s) Zeit
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='en'))
Canada (St. John’s) Time
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='en', return_city=True))
St. John’s
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Mexico_City')
>>> get_timezone_location(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mexiko (Mexiko-Stadt) Zeit'
If the timezone is associated with a country that uses only a single
timezone, just the localized country name is returned:
>>> tz = get_timezone('Europe/Berlin')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mitteleurop\\xe4ische Zeit'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param dt_or_tzinfo: the ``datetime`` or ``tzinfo`` object that determines
the timezone; if `None`, the current date and time in
UTC is assumed
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_city: True or False, if True then return exemplar city (location)
for the time zone
:return: the localized timezone name using location format
"""
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
zone = _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo)
# Get the canonical time-zone code
zone = get_global('zone_aliases').get(zone, zone)
info = locale.time_zones.get(zone, {})
# Otherwise, if there is only one timezone for the country, return the
# localized country name
region_format = locale.zone_formats['region']
territory = get_global('zone_territories').get(zone)
if territory not in locale.territories:
territory = 'ZZ' # invalid/unknown
territory_name = locale.territories[territory]
if not return_city and territory and len(get_global('territory_zones').get(territory, [])) == 1:
return region_format % territory_name
# Otherwise, include the city in the output
fallback_format = locale.zone_formats['fallback']
if 'city' in info:
city_name = info['city']
else:
metazone = get_global('meta_zones').get(zone)
metazone_info = locale.meta_zones.get(metazone, {})
if 'city' in metazone_info:
city_name = metazone_info['city']
elif '/' in zone:
city_name = zone.split('/', 1)[1].replace('_', ' ')
else:
city_name = zone.replace('_', ' ')
if return_city:
return city_name
return region_format % (fallback_format % {
'0': city_name,
'1': territory_name
})
def get_timezone_name(dt_or_tzinfo=None, width='long', uncommon=False,
locale=LC_TIME, zone_variant=None, return_zone=False):
r"""Return the localized display name for the given timezone. The timezone
may be specified using a ``datetime`` or `tzinfo` object.
>>> dt = time(15, 30, tzinfo=get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles'))
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, locale='en_US')
u'Pacific Standard Time'
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, locale='en_US', return_zone=True)
'America/Los_Angeles'
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, width='short', locale='en_US')
u'PST'
If this function gets passed only a `tzinfo` object and no concrete
`datetime`, the returned display name is indenpendent of daylight savings
time. This can be used for example for selecting timezones, or to set the
time of events that recur across DST changes:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='en_US')
u'Pacific Time'
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, 'short', locale='en_US')
u'PT'
If no localized display name for the timezone is available, and the timezone
is associated with a country that uses only a single timezone, the name of
that country is returned, formatted according to the locale:
>>> tz = get_timezone('Europe/Berlin')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mitteleurop\xe4ische Zeit'
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='pt_BR')
u'Hor\xe1rio da Europa Central'
On the other hand, if the country uses multiple timezones, the city is also
included in the representation:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Neufundland-Zeit'
Note that short format is currently not supported for all timezones and
all locales. This is partially because not every timezone has a short
code in every locale. In that case it currently falls back to the long
format.
For more information see `LDML Appendix J: Time Zone Display Names
<https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Time_Zone_Fallback>`_
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
Added `zone_variant` support.
:param dt_or_tzinfo: the ``datetime`` or ``tzinfo`` object that determines
the timezone; if a ``tzinfo`` object is used, the
resulting display name will be generic, i.e.
independent of daylight savings time; if `None`, the
current date in UTC is assumed
:param width: either "long" or "short"
:param uncommon: deprecated and ignored
:param zone_variant: defines the zone variation to return. By default the
variation is defined from the datetime object
passed in. If no datetime object is passed in, the
``'generic'`` variation is assumed. The following
values are valid: ``'generic'``, ``'daylight'`` and
``'standard'``.
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_zone: True or False. If true then function
returns long time zone ID
"""
dt, tzinfo = _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
zone = _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo)
if zone_variant is None:
if dt is None:
zone_variant = 'generic'
else:
dst = tzinfo.dst(dt)
if dst:
zone_variant = 'daylight'
else:
zone_variant = 'standard'
else:
if zone_variant not in ('generic', 'standard', 'daylight'):
raise ValueError('Invalid zone variation')
# Get the canonical time-zone code
zone = get_global('zone_aliases').get(zone, zone)
if return_zone:
return zone
info = locale.time_zones.get(zone, {})
# Try explicitly translated zone names first
if width in info:
if zone_variant in info[width]:
return info[width][zone_variant]
metazone = get_global('meta_zones').get(zone)
if metazone:
metazone_info = locale.meta_zones.get(metazone, {})
if width in metazone_info:
name = metazone_info[width].get(zone_variant)
if width == 'short' and name == NO_INHERITANCE_MARKER:
# If the short form is marked no-inheritance,
# try to fall back to the long name instead.
name = metazone_info.get('long', {}).get(zone_variant)
if name:
return name
# If we have a concrete datetime, we assume that the result can't be
# independent of daylight savings time, so we return the GMT offset
if dt is not None:
return get_timezone_gmt(dt, width=width, locale=locale)
return get_timezone_location(dt_or_tzinfo, locale=locale)
def format_date(date=None, format='medium', locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)
>>> format_date(d, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007'
>>> format_date(d, format='full', locale='de_DE')
u'Sonntag, 1. April 2007'
If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a
custom date pattern:
>>> format_date(d, "EEE, MMM d, ''yy", locale='en')
u"Sun, Apr 1, '07"
:param date: the ``date`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
date is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
if date is None:
date = date_.today()
elif isinstance(date, datetime):
date = date.date()
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
format = get_date_format(format, locale=locale)
pattern = parse_pattern(format)
return pattern.apply(date, locale)
def format_datetime(datetime=None, format='medium', tzinfo=None,
locale=LC_TIME):
r"""Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> dt = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> format_datetime(dt, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007, 3:30:00 PM'
For any pattern requiring the display of the time-zone, the third-party
``pytz`` package is needed to explicitly specify the time-zone:
>>> format_datetime(dt, 'full', tzinfo=get_timezone('Europe/Paris'),
... locale='fr_FR')
u'dimanche 1 avril 2007 \xe0 17:30:00 heure d\u2019\xe9t\xe9 d\u2019Europe centrale'
>>> format_datetime(dt, "yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss zzz",
... tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'), locale='en')
u'2007.04.01 AD at 11:30:00 EDT'
:param datetime: the `datetime` object; if `None`, the current date and
time is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param tzinfo: the timezone to apply to the time for display
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
datetime = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(datetime), tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
return get_datetime_format(format, locale=locale) \
.replace("'", "") \
.replace('{0}', format_time(datetime, format, tzinfo=None,
locale=locale)) \
.replace('{1}', format_date(datetime, format, locale=locale))
else:
return parse_pattern(format).apply(datetime, locale)
def format_time(time=None, format='medium', tzinfo=None, locale=LC_TIME):
r"""Return a time formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, locale='en_US')
u'3:30:00 PM'
>>> format_time(t, format='short', locale='de_DE')
u'15:30'
If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a
custom time pattern:
>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a", locale='en')
u"03 o'clock PM"
For any pattern requiring the display of the time-zone a
timezone has to be specified explicitly:
>>> t = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> tzinfo = get_timezone('Europe/Paris')
>>> t = tzinfo.localize(t)
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=tzinfo, locale='fr_FR')
u'15:30:00 heure d\u2019\xe9t\xe9 d\u2019Europe centrale'
>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz", tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'),
... locale='en')
u"09 o'clock AM, Eastern Daylight Time"
As that example shows, when this function gets passed a
``datetime.datetime`` value, the actual time in the formatted string is
adjusted to the timezone specified by the `tzinfo` parameter. If the
``datetime`` is "naive" (i.e. it has no associated timezone information),
it is assumed to be in UTC.
These timezone calculations are **not** performed if the value is of type
``datetime.time``, as without date information there's no way to determine
what a given time would translate to in a different timezone without
information about whether daylight savings time is in effect or not. This
means that time values are left as-is, and the value of the `tzinfo`
parameter is only used to display the timezone name if needed:
>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=get_timezone('Europe/Paris'),
... locale='fr_FR')
u'15:30:00 heure normale d\u2019Europe centrale'
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'),
... locale='en_US')
u'3:30:00 PM Eastern Standard Time'
:param time: the ``time`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
time in UTC is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param tzinfo: the time-zone to apply to the time for display
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
time = _get_time(time, tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
format = get_time_format(format, locale=locale)
return parse_pattern(format).apply(time, locale)
def format_skeleton(skeleton, datetime=None, tzinfo=None, fuzzy=True, locale=LC_TIME):
r"""Return a time and/or date formatted according to the given pattern.
The skeletons are defined in the CLDR data and provide more flexibility
than the simple short/long/medium formats, but are a bit harder to use.
The are defined using the date/time symbols without order or punctuation
and map to a suitable format for the given locale.
>>> t = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> format_skeleton('MMMEd', t, locale='fr')
u'dim. 1 avr.'
>>> format_skeleton('MMMEd', t, locale='en')
u'Sun, Apr 1'
>>> format_skeleton('yMMd', t, locale='fi') # yMMd is not in the Finnish locale; yMd gets used
u'1.4.2007'
>>> format_skeleton('yMMd', t, fuzzy=False, locale='fi') # yMMd is not in the Finnish locale, an error is thrown
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: yMMd
After the skeleton is resolved to a pattern `format_datetime` is called so
all timezone processing etc is the same as for that.
:param skeleton: A date time skeleton as defined in the cldr data.
:param datetime: the ``time`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
time in UTC is used
:param tzinfo: the time-zone to apply to the time for display
:param fuzzy: If the skeleton is not found, allow choosing a skeleton that's
close enough to it.
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if fuzzy and skeleton not in locale.datetime_skeletons:
skeleton = match_skeleton(skeleton, locale.datetime_skeletons)
format = locale.datetime_skeletons[skeleton]
return format_datetime(datetime, format, tzinfo, locale)
TIMEDELTA_UNITS = (
('year', 3600 * 24 * 365),
('month', 3600 * 24 * 30),
('week', 3600 * 24 * 7),
('day', 3600 * 24),
('hour', 3600),
('minute', 60),
('second', 1)
)
def format_timedelta(delta, granularity='second', threshold=.85,
add_direction=False, format='long',
locale=LC_TIME):
"""Return a time delta according to the rules of the given locale.
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(weeks=12), locale='en_US')
u'3 months'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(seconds=1), locale='es')
u'1 segundo'
The granularity parameter can be provided to alter the lowest unit
presented, which defaults to a second.
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), granularity='day',
... locale='en_US')
u'1 day'
The threshold parameter can be used to determine at which value the
presentation switches to the next higher unit. A higher threshold factor
means the presentation will switch later. For example:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=23), threshold=0.9, locale='en_US')
u'1 day'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=23), threshold=1.1, locale='en_US')
u'23 hours'
In addition directional information can be provided that informs
the user if the date is in the past or in the future:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=1), add_direction=True, locale='en')
u'in 1 hour'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=-1), add_direction=True, locale='en')
u'1 hour ago'
The format parameter controls how compact or wide the presentation is:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), format='short', locale='en')
u'3 hr'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), format='narrow', locale='en')
u'3h'
:param delta: a ``timedelta`` object representing the time difference to
format, or the delta in seconds as an `int` value
:param granularity: determines the smallest unit that should be displayed,
the value can be one of "year", "month", "week", "day",
"hour", "minute" or "second"
:param threshold: factor that determines at which point the presentation
switches to the next higher unit
:param add_direction: if this flag is set to `True` the return value will
include directional information. For instance a
positive timedelta will include the information about
it being in the future, a negative will be information
about the value being in the past.
:param format: the format, can be "narrow", "short" or "long". (
"medium" is deprecated, currently converted to "long" to
maintain compatibility)
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
if format not in ('narrow', 'short', 'medium', 'long'):
raise TypeError('Format must be one of "narrow", "short" or "long"')
if format == 'medium':
warnings.warn('"medium" value for format param of format_timedelta'
' is deprecated. Use "long" instead',
category=DeprecationWarning)
format = 'long'
if isinstance(delta, timedelta):
seconds = int((delta.days * 86400) + delta.seconds)
else:
seconds = delta
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
def _iter_patterns(a_unit):
if add_direction:
unit_rel_patterns = locale._data['date_fields'][a_unit]
if seconds >= 0:
yield unit_rel_patterns['future']
else:
yield unit_rel_patterns['past']
a_unit = 'duration-' + a_unit
yield locale._data['unit_patterns'].get(a_unit, {}).get(format)
for unit, secs_per_unit in TIMEDELTA_UNITS:
value = abs(seconds) / secs_per_unit
if value >= threshold or unit == granularity:
if unit == granularity and value > 0:
value = max(1, value)
value = int(round(value))
plural_form = locale.plural_form(value)
pattern = None
for patterns in _iter_patterns(unit):
if patterns is not None:
pattern = patterns.get(plural_form) or patterns.get('other')
break
# This really should not happen
if pattern is None:
return u''
return pattern.replace('{0}', str(value))
return u''
def _format_fallback_interval(start, end, skeleton, tzinfo, locale):
if skeleton in locale.datetime_skeletons: # Use the given skeleton
format = lambda dt: format_skeleton(skeleton, dt, tzinfo, locale=locale)
elif all((isinstance(d, date) and not isinstance(d, datetime)) for d in (start, end)): # Both are just dates
format = lambda dt: format_date(dt, locale=locale)
elif all((isinstance(d, time) and not isinstance(d, date)) for d in (start, end)): # Both are times
format = lambda dt: format_time(dt, tzinfo=tzinfo, locale=locale)
else:
format = lambda dt: format_datetime(dt, tzinfo=tzinfo, locale=locale)
formatted_start = format(start)
formatted_end = format(end)
if formatted_start == formatted_end:
return format(start)
return (