better approach

src/poetry/puzzle/provider.py

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._locked: dict[NormalizedName, list[DependencyPackage]] = defaultdict(list)
         self._use_latest: Collection[NormalizedName] = []
 
+        self._explicit_sources: dict[str, str] = {}
         for package in locked or []:
             self._locked[package.name].append(
                 DependencyPackage(package.to_dependency(), package)
@@ -491,9 +492,7 @@ def complete_package(
                         package.pretty_name,
                         package.version,
                         extras=list(dependency.extras),
-                        repository_name=(
-                            dependency.source_name or package.source_reference
-                        ),
+                        repository_name=dependency.source_name,
                     ),
                 )
             except PackageNotFound as e:
@@ -692,6 +691,16 @@ def fmt_warning(d: Dependency) -> str:
         for dep in clean_dependencies:
             package.add_dependency(dep)
 
+        if self._locked and package.is_root():
+            # At this point all duplicates have been eliminated via overrides
+            # so that explicit sources are unambiguous.
+            # Clear _explicit_sources because it might be filled
+            # from a previous override.
+            self._explicit_sources.clear()
+            for dep in clean_dependencies:
+                if dep.source_name:
+                    self._explicit_sources[dep.name] = dep.source_name
+
         return dependency_package
 
     def get_locked(self, dependency: Dependency) -> DependencyPackage | None:
@@ -702,6 +711,8 @@ def get_locked(self, dependency: Dependency) -> DependencyPackage | None:
         for dependency_package in locked:
             package = dependency_package.package
             if package.satisfies(dependency):
+                if explicit_source := self._explicit_sources.get(dependency.name):
+                    dependency.source_name = explicit_source
                 return DependencyPackage(dependency, package)
         return None
 

tests/puzzle/test_provider.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 from poetry.packages import DependencyPackage
 from poetry.puzzle.provider import IncompatibleConstraintsError
 from poetry.puzzle.provider import Provider
+from poetry.repositories.exceptions import PackageNotFound
 from poetry.repositories.repository import Repository
 from poetry.repositories.repository_pool import Priority
 from poetry.repositories.repository_pool import RepositoryPool
@@ -785,21 +786,64 @@ def test_complete_package_fetches_optional_vcs_dependency_only_if_requested(
 
 
 def test_complete_package_finds_locked_package_in_explicit_source(
-    pool: RepositoryPool, provider: Provider
+    root: ProjectPackage, pool: RepositoryPool
 ) -> None:
     package = Package("a", "1.0", source_reference="explicit")
     explicit_repo = Repository("explicit")
     explicit_repo.add_package(package)
     pool.add_repository(explicit_repo, priority=Priority.EXPLICIT)
 
-    dependency = package.to_dependency()
-    # complete_package() must succeed even if the dependency does not have an explicit
-    # source. This can be the case if the dependency is a transitive dependency and
-    # there is a direct dependency with an explicit source.
-    dependency.source_name = None
+    root_dependency = get_dependency("a", ">0")
+    root_dependency.source_name = "explicit"
+    root.add_dependency(root_dependency)
+    locked_package = Package("a", "1.0", source_reference="explicit")
+    provider = Provider(root, pool, NullIO(), locked=[locked_package])
+    provider.complete_package(DependencyPackage(root.to_dependency(), root))
 
-    # must not fail
-    provider.complete_package(DependencyPackage(dependency, package))
+    # transitive dependency without explicit source
+    dependency = get_dependency("a", ">=1")
+
+    locked = provider.get_locked(dependency)
+    assert locked is not None
+    provider.complete_package(locked)  # must not fail
+
+
+def test_complete_package_finds_locked_package_in_other_source(
+    root: ProjectPackage, repository: Repository, pool: RepositoryPool
+) -> None:
+    package = Package("a", "1.0")
+    repository.add_package(package)
+    explicit_repo = Repository("explicit")
+    pool.add_repository(explicit_repo)
+
+    root_dependency = get_dependency("a", ">0")  # no explicit source
+    root.add_dependency(root_dependency)
+    locked_package = Package("a", "1.0", source_reference="explicit")  # explicit source
+    provider = Provider(root, pool, NullIO(), locked=[locked_package])
+    provider.complete_package(DependencyPackage(root.to_dependency(), root))
+
+    # transitive dependency without explicit source
+    dependency = get_dependency("a", ">=1")
+
+    locked = provider.get_locked(dependency)
+    assert locked is not None
+    provider.complete_package(locked)  # must not fail
+
+
+def test_complete_package_raises_packagenotfound_if_locked_source_not_available(
+    root: ProjectPackage, pool: RepositoryPool, provider: Provider
+) -> None:
+    locked_package = Package("a", "1.0", source_reference="outdated")
+    provider = Provider(root, pool, NullIO(), locked=[locked_package])
+    provider.complete_package(DependencyPackage(root.to_dependency(), root))
+
+    # transitive dependency without explicit source
+    dependency = get_dependency("a", ">=1")
+
+    locked = provider.get_locked(dependency)
+    assert locked is not None
+    with pytest.raises(PackageNotFound):
+        provider.complete_package(locked)
 
 
 def test_source_dependency_is_satisfied_by_direct_origin(

tests/puzzle/test_solver.py

@@ -3826,7 +3826,7 @@ def test_solver_should_not_update_same_version_packages_if_installed_has_no_sour
         "1.0.0",
         source_type="legacy",
         source_url="https://foo.bar",
-        source_reference="repo",
+        source_reference="custom",
     )
     repo.add_package(foo)