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test_structures.py
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test_structures.py
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import platform
import sys
import unittest
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.test import need_symbol
from struct import calcsize
import _ctypes_test
import test.support
class SubclassesTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_subclass(self):
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
class Y(X):
_fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
class Z(X):
pass
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(c_int)*2)
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
def test_subclass_delayed(self):
class X(Structure):
pass
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 0)
X._fields_ = [("a", c_int)]
class Y(X):
pass
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(X))
Y._fields_ = [("b", c_int)]
class Z(X):
pass
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), sizeof(c_int)*2)
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Z), sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(X._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
self.assertEqual(Y._fields_, [("b", c_int)])
self.assertEqual(Z._fields_, [("a", c_int)])
class StructureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
formats = {"c": c_char,
"b": c_byte,
"B": c_ubyte,
"h": c_short,
"H": c_ushort,
"i": c_int,
"I": c_uint,
"l": c_long,
"L": c_ulong,
"q": c_longlong,
"Q": c_ulonglong,
"f": c_float,
"d": c_double,
}
def test_simple_structs(self):
for code, tp in self.formats.items():
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_char),
("y", tp)]
self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
(calcsize("c%c0%c" % (code, code)), code))
def test_unions(self):
for code, tp in self.formats.items():
class X(Union):
_fields_ = [("x", c_char),
("y", tp)]
self.assertEqual((sizeof(X), code),
(calcsize("%c" % (code)), code))
def test_struct_alignment(self):
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(X), calcsize("s"))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), calcsize("3s"))
class Y(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_char * 3),
("y", c_int)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(Y), alignment(c_int))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(Y), calcsize("3si"))
class SI(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", X),
("b", Y)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(Y), alignment(X)))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(SI), calcsize("3s0i 3si 0i"))
class IS(Structure):
_fields_ = [("b", Y),
("a", X)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(SI), max(alignment(X), alignment(Y)))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(IS), calcsize("3si 3s 0i"))
class XX(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", X),
("b", X)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), alignment(X))
self.assertEqual(sizeof(XX), calcsize("3s 3s 0s"))
def test_empty(self):
# I had problems with these
#
# Although these are pathological cases: Empty Structures!
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = []
class Y(Union):
_fields_ = []
# Is this really the correct alignment, or should it be 0?
self.assertTrue(alignment(X) == alignment(Y) == 1)
self.assertTrue(sizeof(X) == sizeof(Y) == 0)
class XX(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", X),
("b", X)]
self.assertEqual(alignment(XX), 1)
self.assertEqual(sizeof(XX), 0)
def test_fields(self):
# test the offset and size attributes of Structure/Union fields.
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_int),
("y", c_char)]
self.assertEqual(X.x.offset, 0)
self.assertEqual(X.x.size, sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(X.y.size, sizeof(c_char))
# readonly
self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "offset", 92)
self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "size", 92)
class X(Union):
_fields_ = [("x", c_int),
("y", c_char)]
self.assertEqual(X.x.offset, 0)
self.assertEqual(X.x.size, sizeof(c_int))
self.assertEqual(X.y.offset, 0)
self.assertEqual(X.y.size, sizeof(c_char))
# readonly
self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "offset", 92)
self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), setattr, X.x, "size", 92)
# XXX Should we check nested data types also?
# offset is always relative to the class...
def test_packed(self):
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_byte),
("b", c_longlong)]
_pack_ = 1
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 9)
self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, 1)
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_byte),
("b", c_longlong)]
_pack_ = 2
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 10)
self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, 2)
import struct
longlong_size = struct.calcsize("q")
longlong_align = struct.calcsize("bq") - longlong_size
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_byte),
("b", c_longlong)]
_pack_ = 4
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), min(4, longlong_align) + longlong_size)
self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, min(4, longlong_align))
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_byte),
("b", c_longlong)]
_pack_ = 8
self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), min(8, longlong_align) + longlong_size)
self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, min(8, longlong_align))
d = {"_fields_": [("a", "b"),
("b", "q")],
"_pack_": -1}
self.assertRaises(ValueError, type(Structure), "X", (Structure,), d)
@test.support.cpython_only
def test_packed_c_limits(self):
# Issue 15989
import _testcapi
d = {"_fields_": [("a", c_byte)],
"_pack_": _testcapi.INT_MAX + 1}
self.assertRaises(ValueError, type(Structure), "X", (Structure,), d)
d = {"_fields_": [("a", c_byte)],
"_pack_": _testcapi.UINT_MAX + 2}
self.assertRaises(ValueError, type(Structure), "X", (Structure,), d)
def test_initializers(self):
class Person(Structure):
_fields_ = [("name", c_char*6),
("age", c_int)]
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Person, 42)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, Person, b"asldkjaslkdjaslkdj")
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Person, "Name", "HI")
# short enough
self.assertEqual(Person(b"12345", 5).name, b"12345")
# exact fit
self.assertEqual(Person(b"123456", 5).name, b"123456")
# too long
self.assertRaises(ValueError, Person, b"1234567", 5)
def test_conflicting_initializers(self):
class POINT(Structure):
_fields_ = [("phi", c_float), ("rho", c_float)]
# conflicting positional and keyword args
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "phi", POINT, 2, 3, phi=4)
self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "rho", POINT, 2, 3, rho=4)
# too many initializers
self.assertRaises(TypeError, POINT, 2, 3, 4)
def test_keyword_initializers(self):
class POINT(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_int), ("y", c_int)]
pt = POINT(1, 2)
self.assertEqual((pt.x, pt.y), (1, 2))
pt = POINT(y=2, x=1)
self.assertEqual((pt.x, pt.y), (1, 2))
def test_invalid_field_types(self):
class POINT(Structure):
pass
self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, POINT, "_fields_", [("x", 1), ("y", 2)])
def test_invalid_name(self):
# field name must be string
def declare_with_name(name):
class S(Structure):
_fields_ = [(name, c_int)]
self.assertRaises(TypeError, declare_with_name, b"x")
def test_intarray_fields(self):
class SomeInts(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_int * 4)]
# can use tuple to initialize array (but not list!)
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[:], [1, 2, 0, 0])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::], [1, 2, 0, 0])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::-1], [0, 0, 2, 1])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[::2], [1, 0])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[1:5:6], [2])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2)).a[6:4:-1], [])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[:], [1, 2, 3, 4])
self.assertEqual(SomeInts((1, 2, 3, 4)).a[::], [1, 2, 3, 4])
# too long
# XXX Should raise ValueError?, not RuntimeError
self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, SomeInts, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
def test_nested_initializers(self):
# test initializing nested structures
class Phone(Structure):
_fields_ = [("areacode", c_char*6),
("number", c_char*12)]
class Person(Structure):
_fields_ = [("name", c_char * 12),
("phone", Phone),
("age", c_int)]
p = Person(b"Someone", (b"1234", b"5678"), 5)
self.assertEqual(p.name, b"Someone")
self.assertEqual(p.phone.areacode, b"1234")
self.assertEqual(p.phone.number, b"5678")
self.assertEqual(p.age, 5)
@need_symbol('c_wchar')
def test_structures_with_wchar(self):
class PersonW(Structure):
_fields_ = [("name", c_wchar * 12),
("age", c_int)]
p = PersonW("Someone \xe9")
self.assertEqual(p.name, "Someone \xe9")
self.assertEqual(PersonW("1234567890").name, "1234567890")
self.assertEqual(PersonW("12345678901").name, "12345678901")
# exact fit
self.assertEqual(PersonW("123456789012").name, "123456789012")
#too long
self.assertRaises(ValueError, PersonW, "1234567890123")
def test_init_errors(self):
class Phone(Structure):
_fields_ = [("areacode", c_char*6),
("number", c_char*12)]
class Person(Structure):
_fields_ = [("name", c_char * 12),
("phone", Phone),
("age", c_int)]
cls, msg = self.get_except(Person, b"Someone", (1, 2))
self.assertEqual(cls, RuntimeError)
self.assertEqual(msg,
"(Phone) <class 'TypeError'>: "
"expected bytes, int found")
cls, msg = self.get_except(Person, b"Someone", (b"a", b"b", b"c"))
self.assertEqual(cls, RuntimeError)
self.assertEqual(msg,
"(Phone) <class 'TypeError'>: too many initializers")
def test_huge_field_name(self):
# issue12881: segfault with large structure field names
def create_class(length):
class S(Structure):
_fields_ = [('x' * length, c_int)]
for length in [10 ** i for i in range(0, 8)]:
try:
create_class(length)
except MemoryError:
# MemoryErrors are OK, we just don't want to segfault
pass
def get_except(self, func, *args):
try:
func(*args)
except Exception as detail:
return detail.__class__, str(detail)
@unittest.skip('test disabled')
def test_subclass_creation(self):
meta = type(Structure)
# same as 'class X(Structure): pass'
# fails, since we need either a _fields_ or a _abstract_ attribute
cls, msg = self.get_except(meta, "X", (Structure,), {})
self.assertEqual((cls, msg),
(AttributeError, "class must define a '_fields_' attribute"))
def test_abstract_class(self):
class X(Structure):
_abstract_ = "something"
# try 'X()'
cls, msg = self.get_except(eval, "X()", locals())
self.assertEqual((cls, msg), (TypeError, "abstract class"))
def test_methods(self):
## class X(Structure):
## _fields_ = []
self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(Structure)))
self.assertIn("from_address", dir(type(Structure)))
self.assertIn("in_dll", dir(type(Structure)))
def test_positional_args(self):
# see also http://bugs.python.org/issue5042
class W(Structure):
_fields_ = [("a", c_int), ("b", c_int)]
class X(W):
_fields_ = [("c", c_int)]
class Y(X):
pass
class Z(Y):
_fields_ = [("d", c_int), ("e", c_int), ("f", c_int)]
z = Z(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
self.assertEqual((z.a, z.b, z.c, z.d, z.e, z.f),
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
z = Z(1)
self.assertEqual((z.a, z.b, z.c, z.d, z.e, z.f),
(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: Z(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
def test_pass_by_value(self):
# This should mirror the structure in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('first', c_ulong),
('second', c_ulong),
('third', c_ulong),
]
s = X()
s.first = 0xdeadbeef
s.second = 0xcafebabe
s.third = 0x0bad1dea
dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
func = dll._testfunc_large_struct_update_value
func.argtypes = (X,)
func.restype = None
func(s)
self.assertEqual(s.first, 0xdeadbeef)
self.assertEqual(s.second, 0xcafebabe)
self.assertEqual(s.third, 0x0bad1dea)
def test_pass_by_value_in_register(self):
class X(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('first', c_uint),
('second', c_uint)
]
s = X()
s.first = 0xdeadbeef
s.second = 0xcafebabe
dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
func = dll._testfunc_reg_struct_update_value
func.argtypes = (X,)
func.restype = None
func(s)
self.assertEqual(s.first, 0xdeadbeef)
self.assertEqual(s.second, 0xcafebabe)
got = X.in_dll(dll, "last_tfrsuv_arg")
self.assertEqual(s.first, got.first)
self.assertEqual(s.second, got.second)
def test_array_in_struct(self):
# See bpo-22273
# These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
class Test2(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('data', c_ubyte * 16),
]
class Test3(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('data', c_double * 2),
]
class Test3A(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('data', c_float * 2),
]
class Test3B(Test3A):
_fields_ = [
('more_data', c_float * 2),
]
s = Test2()
expected = 0
for i in range(16):
s.data[i] = i
expected += i
dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
func = dll._testfunc_array_in_struct1
func.restype = c_int
func.argtypes = (Test2,)
result = func(s)
self.assertEqual(result, expected)
# check the passed-in struct hasn't changed
for i in range(16):
self.assertEqual(s.data[i], i)
s = Test3()
s.data[0] = 3.14159
s.data[1] = 2.71828
expected = 3.14159 + 2.71828
func = dll._testfunc_array_in_struct2
func.restype = c_double
func.argtypes = (Test3,)
result = func(s)
self.assertEqual(result, expected)
# check the passed-in struct hasn't changed
self.assertEqual(s.data[0], 3.14159)
self.assertEqual(s.data[1], 2.71828)
s = Test3B()
s.data[0] = 3.14159
s.data[1] = 2.71828
s.more_data[0] = -3.0
s.more_data[1] = -2.0
expected = 3.14159 + 2.71828 - 5.0
func = dll._testfunc_array_in_struct2a
func.restype = c_double
func.argtypes = (Test3B,)
result = func(s)
self.assertAlmostEqual(result, expected, places=6)
# check the passed-in struct hasn't changed
self.assertAlmostEqual(s.data[0], 3.14159, places=6)
self.assertAlmostEqual(s.data[1], 2.71828, places=6)
self.assertAlmostEqual(s.more_data[0], -3.0, places=6)
self.assertAlmostEqual(s.more_data[1], -2.0, places=6)
def test_38368(self):
class U(Union):
_fields_ = [
('f1', c_uint8 * 16),
('f2', c_uint16 * 8),
('f3', c_uint32 * 4),
]
u = U()
u.f3[0] = 0x01234567
u.f3[1] = 0x89ABCDEF
u.f3[2] = 0x76543210
u.f3[3] = 0xFEDCBA98
f1 = [u.f1[i] for i in range(16)]
f2 = [u.f2[i] for i in range(8)]
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
self.assertEqual(f1, [0x67, 0x45, 0x23, 0x01,
0xef, 0xcd, 0xab, 0x89,
0x10, 0x32, 0x54, 0x76,
0x98, 0xba, 0xdc, 0xfe])
self.assertEqual(f2, [0x4567, 0x0123, 0xcdef, 0x89ab,
0x3210, 0x7654, 0xba98, 0xfedc])
@unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see bpo-16575/bpo-16576')
def test_union_by_value(self):
# See bpo-16575
# These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
class Nested1(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('an_int', c_int),
('another_int', c_int),
]
class Test4(Union):
_fields_ = [
('a_long', c_long),
('a_struct', Nested1),
]
class Nested2(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('an_int', c_int),
('a_union', Test4),
]
class Test5(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('an_int', c_int),
('nested', Nested2),
('another_int', c_int),
]
test4 = Test4()
dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
func = dll._testfunc_union_by_value1
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (Test4,)
result = func(test4)
self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes '
'a union by value, which is unsupported.')
test5 = Test5()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
func = dll._testfunc_union_by_value2
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (Test5,)
result = func(test5)
self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes '
'a union by value, which is unsupported.')
# passing by reference should be OK
test4.a_long = 12345;
func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference1
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test4),)
result = func(byref(test4))
self.assertEqual(result, 12345)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_long, 0)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.an_int, 0)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.another_int, 0)
test4.a_struct.an_int = 0x12340000
test4.a_struct.another_int = 0x5678
func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference2
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test4),)
result = func(byref(test4))
self.assertEqual(result, 0x12345678)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_long, 0)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.an_int, 0)
self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.another_int, 0)
test5.an_int = 0x12000000
test5.nested.an_int = 0x345600
test5.another_int = 0x78
func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference3
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test5),)
result = func(byref(test5))
self.assertEqual(result, 0x12345678)
self.assertEqual(test5.an_int, 0)
self.assertEqual(test5.nested.an_int, 0)
self.assertEqual(test5.another_int, 0)
@unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see bpo-16575/bpo-16576')
def test_bitfield_by_value(self):
# See bpo-16576
# These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
class Test6(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('A', c_int, 1),
('B', c_int, 2),
('C', c_int, 3),
('D', c_int, 2),
]
test6 = Test6()
# As these are signed int fields, all are logically -1 due to sign
# extension.
test6.A = 1
test6.B = 3
test6.C = 7
test6.D = 3
dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_value1
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (Test6,)
result = func(test6)
self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes '
'a struct/union with a bitfield by value, which is '
'unsupported.')
# passing by reference should be OK
func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_reference1
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test6),)
result = func(byref(test6))
self.assertEqual(result, -4)
self.assertEqual(test6.A, 0)
self.assertEqual(test6.B, 0)
self.assertEqual(test6.C, 0)
self.assertEqual(test6.D, 0)
class Test7(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('A', c_uint, 1),
('B', c_uint, 2),
('C', c_uint, 3),
('D', c_uint, 2),
]
test7 = Test7()
test7.A = 1
test7.B = 3
test7.C = 7
test7.D = 3
func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_reference2
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test7),)
result = func(byref(test7))
self.assertEqual(result, 14)
self.assertEqual(test7.A, 0)
self.assertEqual(test7.B, 0)
self.assertEqual(test7.C, 0)
self.assertEqual(test7.D, 0)
# for a union with bitfields, the union check happens first
class Test8(Union):
_fields_ = [
('A', c_int, 1),
('B', c_int, 2),
('C', c_int, 3),
('D', c_int, 2),
]
test8 = Test8()
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_value2
func.restype = c_long
func.argtypes = (Test8,)
result = func(test8)
self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes '
'a union by value, which is unsupported.')
class PointerMemberTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test(self):
# a Structure with a POINTER field
class S(Structure):
_fields_ = [("array", POINTER(c_int))]
s = S()
# We can assign arrays of the correct type
s.array = (c_int * 3)(1, 2, 3)
items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
# The following are bugs, but are included here because the unittests
# also describe the current behaviour.
#
# This fails with SystemError: bad arg to internal function
# or with IndexError (with a patch I have)
s.array[0] = 42
items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
self.assertEqual(items, [42, 2, 3])
s.array[0] = 1
## s.array[1] = 42
items = [s.array[i] for i in range(3)]
self.assertEqual(items, [1, 2, 3])
def test_none_to_pointer_fields(self):
class S(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_int),
("p", POINTER(c_int))]
s = S()
s.x = 12345678
s.p = None
self.assertEqual(s.x, 12345678)
class TestRecursiveStructure(unittest.TestCase):
def test_contains_itself(self):
class Recursive(Structure):
pass
try:
Recursive._fields_ = [("next", Recursive)]
except AttributeError as details:
self.assertIn("Structure or union cannot contain itself",
str(details))
else:
self.fail("Structure or union cannot contain itself")
def test_vice_versa(self):
class First(Structure):
pass
class Second(Structure):
pass
First._fields_ = [("second", Second)]
try:
Second._fields_ = [("first", First)]
except AttributeError as details:
self.assertIn("_fields_ is final", str(details))
else:
self.fail("AttributeError not raised")
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()