Add PyErr_GetActiveException and PyErr_SetActiveException

[iritkatriel]

BPO	46343
Nosy	@asvetlov, @ericsnowcurrently, @iritkatriel
PRs	gh-90501: Add PyErr_GetHandledException and PyErr_SetHandledException #30531

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = 'https://github.com/iritkatriel'
closed_at = None
created_at = <Date 2022-01-11.12:43:40.822>
labels = ['interpreter-core', 'expert-C-API', 'type-feature', '3.11']
title = 'Add PyErr_GetActiveException and PyErr_SetActiveException'
updated_at = <Date 2022-03-18.14:05:02.526>
user = 'https://github.com/iritkatriel'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2022-03-18.14:05:02.526>
actor = 'iritkatriel'
assignee = 'iritkatriel'
closed = False
closed_date = None
closer = None
components = ['Interpreter Core', 'C API']
creation = <Date 2022-01-11.12:43:40.822>
creator = 'iritkatriel'
dependencies = []
files = []
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 46343
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 5.0
messages = ['410299', '410312', '410318', '415491', '415498']
nosy_count = 3.0
nosy_names = ['asvetlov', 'eric.snow', 'iritkatriel']
pr_nums = ['30531']
priority = 'normal'
resolution = None
stage = 'patch review'
status = 'open'
superseder = None
type = 'enhancement'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue46343'
versions = ['Python 3.11']

[iritkatriel]

Following the removal of exc_type and exc_traceback from the interpreter's active exception in bpo-45711, we can now provide simplified get-set functions in the C Api:

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyErr_GetActiveException(PyObject **);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyErr_SetActiveException(PyObject *);

as alternatives to

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyErr_GetExcInfo(PyObject **, PyObject **, PyObject **);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyErr_SetExcInfo(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);

See also bpo-46328 re the corresponding change in the sys module.

[ericsnowcurrently]

Why not PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyErr_GetActiveException(void);?

[iritkatriel]

Yes, you’re right of course ;)

[asvetlov]

I have a side question.
generator.throw() and coroutine.throw() have throw(type[, value[, traceback]]) signature.

Is there a plan to update generators somehow to accept the exception value only?
The change can go in line with other exception API changes.

[iritkatriel]

We should make throw accept an exception instance, the same thing was done in the traceback module.