Support ParamSpec mapping with functools.partial

[sterliakov]

Follow-up for #17323, resolving a false positive discovered there.

This enables use of functools.partial to bind some *args or **kwargs on a callable typed with ParamSpec.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [P`33582, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3024: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [P`33607, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3040: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [P`33632, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [P`33643, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3061: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [P`33654, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3068: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [P`35986, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:204: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [P`36015, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:220: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [P`36044, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`36057, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`36070, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [P`47493, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1613: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [P`47518, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1629: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Possible overload variants:

... (truncated 16 lines) ...

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:124: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]