Add clippy and linter to pre-commit hook

[generall]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.
Right now developers might forget to use code linters and static analyzers before submitting changes and only get the feedback after CI runs, which might be too slow.

Describe the solution you'd like
Add pre-commit hook which should be executed before each commit to rust code. This hook should automatically check and (optionally) automatically fix issues related to code formatting.

Describe alternatives you've considered
Do we want to force auto-fix of formatting?

Additional context
No

[agourlay]

Started in #68

Do we still want to add clippy to the pre-commit hool?

[generall]

Do we still want to add clippy to the pre-commit hool?

I didn't find a way to quickly cancel the check if nothing related to clippy is changed. So enabling clippy by default on every commit might be annoying.