linux-user: Reserve space for brk

With bad luck, we can wind up with no space at all for brk,
which will generally cause the guest malloc to fail.

This bad luck is easier to come by with ET_DYN (PIE) binaries,
where either the stack or the interpreter (ld.so) gets placed
immediately after the main executable.

But there's nothing preventing this same thing from happening
with ET_EXEC (normal) binaries, during probe_guest_base().

In both cases, reserve some extra space via mmap and release
it back to the system after loading the interpreter and
allocating the stack.

The choice of 16MB is somewhat arbitrary.  It's enough for libc
to get going, but without being so large that 32-bit guests or
32-bit hosts are in danger of running out of virtual address space.
It is expected that libc will be able to fall back to mmap arenas
after the limited brk space is exhausted.

Launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1749393
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200117230245.5040-1-richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

linux-user/elfload.c

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "qemu/path.h"
 #include "qemu/queue.h"
 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
+#include "qemu/units.h"
 
 #ifdef _ARCH_PPC64
 #undef ARCH_DLINFO
@@ -2364,24 +2365,51 @@ static void load_elf_image(const char *image_name, int image_fd,
         }
     }
 
-    load_addr = loaddr;
-    if (ehdr->e_type == ET_DYN) {
-        /* The image indicates that it can be loaded anywhere.  Find a
-           location that can hold the memory space required.  If the
-           image is pre-linked, LOADDR will be non-zero.  Since we do
-           not supply MAP_FIXED here we'll use that address if and
-           only if it remains available.  */
-        load_addr = target_mmap(loaddr, hiaddr - loaddr, PROT_NONE,
-                                MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_NORESERVE,
-                                -1, 0);
-        if (load_addr == -1) {
-            goto exit_perror;
+    if (pinterp_name != NULL) {
+        /*
+         * This is the main executable.
+         *
+         * Reserve extra space for brk.
+         * We hold on to this space while placing the interpreter
+         * and the stack, lest they be placed immediately after
+         * the data segment and block allocation from the brk.
+         *
+         * 16MB is chosen as "large enough" without being so large
+         * as to allow the result to not fit with a 32-bit guest on
+         * a 32-bit host.
+         */
+        info->reserve_brk = 16 * MiB;
+        hiaddr += info->reserve_brk;
+
+        if (ehdr->e_type == ET_EXEC) {
+            /*
+             * Make sure that the low address does not conflict with
+             * MMAP_MIN_ADDR or the QEMU application itself.
+             */
+            probe_guest_base(image_name, loaddr, hiaddr);
         }
-    } else if (pinterp_name != NULL) {
-        /* This is the main executable.  Make sure that the low
-           address does not conflict with MMAP_MIN_ADDR or the
-           QEMU application itself.  */
-        probe_guest_base(image_name, loaddr, hiaddr);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Reserve address space for all of this.
+     *
+     * In the case of ET_EXEC, we supply MAP_FIXED so that we get
+     * exactly the address range that is required.
+     *
+     * Otherwise this is ET_DYN, and we are searching for a location
+     * that can hold the memory space required.  If the image is
+     * pre-linked, LOADDR will be non-zero, and the kernel should
+     * honor that address if it happens to be free.
+     *
+     * In both cases, we will overwrite pages in this range with mappings
+     * from the executable.
+     */
+    load_addr = target_mmap(loaddr, hiaddr - loaddr, PROT_NONE,
+                            MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON | MAP_NORESERVE |
+                            (ehdr->e_type == ET_EXEC ? MAP_FIXED : 0),
+                            -1, 0);
+    if (load_addr == -1) {
+        goto exit_perror;
     }
     load_bias = load_addr - loaddr;
 
@@ -2860,6 +2888,17 @@ int load_elf_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct image_info *info)
     bprm->core_dump = &elf_core_dump;
 #endif
 
+    /*
+     * If we reserved extra space for brk, release it now.
+     * The implementation of do_brk in syscalls.c expects to be able
+     * to mmap pages in this space.
+     */
+    if (info->reserve_brk) {
+        abi_ulong start_brk = HOST_PAGE_ALIGN(info->brk);
+        abi_ulong end_brk = HOST_PAGE_ALIGN(info->brk + info->reserve_brk);
+        target_munmap(start_brk, end_brk - start_brk);
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 

linux-user/qemu.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct image_info {
         abi_ulong       end_data;
         abi_ulong       start_brk;
         abi_ulong       brk;
+        abi_ulong       reserve_brk;
         abi_ulong       start_mmap;
         abi_ulong       start_stack;
         abi_ulong       stack_limit;