Prefer lower case headers.

README.md

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ Rack::Cache
 ===========
 
 Rack::Cache is suitable as a quick drop-in component to enable HTTP caching for
-Rack-based applications that produce freshness (Expires, Cache-Control) and/or
-validation (Last-Modified, ETag) information:
+Rack-based applications that produce freshness (`expires`, `cache-control`)
+and/or validation (`last-modified`, `etag`) information:
 
   * Standards-based (RFC 2616)
   * Freshness/expiration based caching
-  * Validation (If-Modified-Since / If-None-Match)
-  * Vary support
-  * Cache-Control: public, private, max-age, s-maxage, must-revalidate,
-    and proxy-revalidate.
+  * Validation (`if-modified-since` / `if-none-match`)
+  * `vary` support
+  * `cache-control` `public`, `private`, `max-age`, `s-maxage`, `must-revalidate`,
+    and `proxy-revalidate`.
   * Portable: 100% Ruby / works with any Rack-enabled framework
   * Disk, memcached, and heap memory storage backends
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Noop entity store
 
 Does not persist response bodies (no disk/memory used).<br/>
 Responses from the cache will have an empty body.<br/>
-Clients must ignore these empty cached response (check for X-Rack-Cache response header).<br/>
+Clients must ignore these empty cached response (check for `x-rack-cache` response header).<br/>
 Atm cannot handle streamed responses, patch needed.
 
 ```Ruby

doc/configuration.markdown

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ configuration context to write messages to the errors stream.
 
 An integer specifying the number of seconds a cached object should be considered
 "fresh" when no explicit freshness information is provided in a response.
-Explicit `Cache-Control` or `Expires` response headers always override this
+Explicit `cache-control` or `expires` response headers always override this
 value. The `default_ttl` option defaults to `0`, meaning responses without
 explicit freshness information are considered immediately "stale" and will not
 be served from cache without validation.
@@ -79,17 +79,17 @@ An array of request header names that cause the response to be treated with
 private cache control semantics. The default value is `['Authorization', 'Cookie']`.
 If any of these headers are present in the request, the response is considered
 private and will not be cached _unless_ the response is explicitly marked public
-(e.g., `Cache-Control: public`).
+(e.g., `cache-control: public`).
 
 ### `allow_reload`
 
 A boolean specifying whether reload requests sent by the client should be
 honored by the cache. When this option is enabled (`rack-cache.allow_reload`
-is `true`), requests that include a `Cache-Control: no-cache` header cause
+is `true`), requests that include a `cache-control: no-cache` header cause
 the cache to discard anything it has stored for the request and ask that the
 response be fully generated.
 
-Most browsers include a `Cache-Control: no-cache` header when the user performs
+Most browsers include a `cache-control: no-cache` header when the user performs
 a "hard refresh" (e.g., holding `Shift` while clicking the "Refresh" button).
 
 *IMPORTANT: Enabling this option globally allows all clients to break your cache.*
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@ a "hard refresh" (e.g., holding `Shift` while clicking the "Refresh" button).
 
 A boolean specifying whether revalidate requests sent by the client should be
 honored by the cache. When this option is enabled (`rack-cache.allow_revalidate`
-is `true`), requests that include a `Cache-Control: max-age=0` header cause the
+is `true`), requests that include a `cache-control: max-age=0` header cause the
 cache to assume its copy of the response is stale, resulting in a conditional
 GET / validation request to be sent to the server.
 
-Most browsers include a `Cache-Control: max-age=0` header when the user performs
+Most browsers include a `cache-control: max-age=0` header when the user performs
 a refresh (e.g., clicking the "Refresh" button).
 
 *IMPORTANT: Enabling this option globally allows all clients to break your cache.*

doc/faq.markdown

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ approach to caching.
 
 __Rack::Cache__ takes a standards-based approach to caching that provides some
 benefits over framework-integrated systems.  It uses standard HTTP headers
-(`Expires`, `Cache-Control`, `Etag`, `Last-Modified`, etc.) to determine
+(`expires`, `cache-control`, `Etag`, `last-modified`, etc.) to determine
 what/when to cache. Designing applications to support these standard HTTP
 mechanisms gives the benefit of being able to switch to a different HTTP
 cache implementation in the future.
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Features
 ### Q: Does Rack::Cache support validation?
 
 Yes. Both freshness and validation-based caching is supported. A response
-will be cached if it has a freshness lifetime (e.g., `Expires` or
-`Cache-Control: max-age=N` headers) and/or includes a validator (e.g.,
-`Last-Modified` or `ETag` headers). When the cache hits and the response is
+will be cached if it has a freshness lifetime (e.g., `expires` or
+`cache-control: max-age=N` headers) and/or includes a validator (e.g.,
+`last-modified` or `etag` headers). When the cache hits and the response is
 fresh, it's delivered immediately without talking to the backend application;
 when the cache is stale, the cached response is validated using a conditional
 GET request.
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ own cache policy.
 Although planned, there is currently no mechanism for manually purging
 an entry stored in the cache.
 
-Note that using an `Expires` or `Cache-Control: max-age=N` header and relying on
+Note that using an `expires` or `cache-control: max-age=N` header and relying on
 manual purge to invalidate cached entry can often be implemented more simply
-using efficient validation based caching (`Last-Modified`, `Etag`). Many web
+using efficient validation based caching (`last-modified`, `Etag`). Many web
 frameworks are based entirely on manual purge and do not support validation at
 the cache level.
 

doc/index.markdown

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 __Rack::Cache__ is suitable as a quick drop-in component to enable HTTP caching
-for [Rack][]-based applications that produce freshness (`Expires`,
-`Cache-Control`) and/or validation (`Last-Modified`, `ETag`) information.
+for [Rack][]-based applications that produce freshness (`expires`,
+`cache-control`) and/or validation (`last-modified`, `etag`) information.
 
   * Standards-based (see [RFC 2616][rfc] / [Section 13][s13]).
   * Freshness/expiration based caching
   * Validation
-  * Vary support
+  * `vary` support
   * Portable: 100% Ruby / works with any [Rack][]-enabled framework.
   * Disk, memcached, and heap memory [storage backends][storage].
 

doc/layout.html.erb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang='en'>
   <head>
-    <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8'>
+    <meta http-equiv='content-type' content='text/html;charset=utf-8'>
     <title>Rack::Cache <%= title %></title>
     <link rel='stylesheet' href='rack-cache.css' type='text/css' media='all'>
     <script type='text/javascript' src='http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.2.3.js'></script>

lib/rack/cache.rb

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # = HTTP Caching For Rack
 #
 # Rack::Cache is suitable as a quick, drop-in component to enable HTTP caching
-# for Rack-enabled applications that produce freshness (+Expires+, +Cache-Control+)
-# and/or validation (+Last-Modified+, +ETag+) information.
+# for Rack-enabled applications that produce freshness (+expires+, +cache-control+)
+# and/or validation (+last-modified+, +etag+) information.
 #
 # * Standards-based (RFC 2616 compliance)
 # * Freshness/expiration based caching and validation

lib/rack/cache/cache_control.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module Rack
   module Cache
 
-    # Parses a Cache-Control header and exposes the directives as a Hash.
+    # Parses a cache-control header and exposes the directives as a Hash.
     # Directives that do not have values are set to +true+.
     class CacheControl < Hash
       def initialize(value=nil)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def no_store?
       end
 
       # The expiration time of an entity MAY be specified by the origin
-      # server using the Expires header (see section 14.21). Alternatively,
+      # server using the expires header (see section 14.21). Alternatively,
       # it MAY be specified using the max-age directive in a response. When
       # the max-age cache-control directive is present in a cached response,
       # the response is stale if its current age is greater than the age
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@ def no_store?
       # response is cacheable (i.e., "public") unless some other, more
       # restrictive cache directive is also present.
       #
-      # If a response includes both an Expires header and a max-age
-      # directive, the max-age directive overrides the Expires header, even
-      # if the Expires header is more restrictive. This rule allows an origin
+      # If a response includes both an expires header and a max-age
+      # directive, the max-age directive overrides the expires header, even
+      # if the expires header is more restrictive. This rule allows an origin
       # server to provide, for a given response, a longer expiration time to
       # an HTTP/1.1 (or later) cache than to an HTTP/1.0 cache. This might be
       # useful if certain HTTP/1.0 caches improperly calculate ages or
       # expiration times, perhaps due to desynchronized clocks.
       #
-      # Many HTTP/1.0 cache implementations will treat an Expires value that
+      # Many HTTP/1.0 cache implementations will treat an expires value that
       # is less than or equal to the response Date value as being equivalent
-      # to the Cache-Control response directive "no-cache". If an HTTP/1.1
+      # to the cache-control response directive "no-cache". If an HTTP/1.1
       # cache receives such a response, and the response does not include a
-      # Cache-Control header field, it SHOULD consider the response to be
+      # cache-control header field, it SHOULD consider the response to be
       # non-cacheable in order to retain compatibility with HTTP/1.0 servers.
       #
       # When the max-age directive is included in the request, it indicates
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def max_age
       # If a response includes an s-maxage directive, then for a shared
       # cache (but not for a private cache), the maximum age specified by
       # this directive overrides the maximum age specified by either the
-      # max-age directive or the Expires header. The s-maxage directive
+      # max-age directive or the expires header. The s-maxage directive
       # also implies the semantics of the proxy-revalidate directive. i.e.,
       # that the shared cache must not use the entry after it becomes stale
       # to respond to a subsequent request without first revalidating it with
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def shared_max_age
       # If a response includes a r-maxage directive, then for a reverse cache
       # (but not for a private or proxy cache), the maximum age specified by
       # this directive overrides the maximum age specified by either the max-age
-      # directive, the s-maxage directive, or the Expires header. The r-maxage
+      # directive, the s-maxage directive, or the expires header. The r-maxage
       # directive also implies the semantics of the proxy-revalidate directive.
       # i.e., that the reverse cache must not use the entry after it becomes
       # stale to respond to a subsequent request without first revalidating it
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def reverse_max_age
       # MUST NOT use the entry after it becomes stale to respond to a
       # subsequent request without first revalidating it with the origin
       # server. (I.e., the cache MUST do an end-to-end revalidation every
-      # time, if, based solely on the origin server's Expires or max-age
+      # time, if, based solely on the origin server's expires or max-age
       # value, the cached response is stale.)
       #
       # The must-revalidate directive is necessary to support reliable

lib/rack/cache/context.rb

@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ def call!(env)
           end
         end
 
-      # log trace and set X-Rack-Cache tracing header
+      # log trace and set x-rack-cache tracing header
       trace = @trace.join(', ')
-      response.headers['X-Rack-Cache'] = trace
+      response.headers['x-rack-cache'] = trace
 
       # write log message to rack.errors
       if verbose?
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def private_request?
       @private_header_keys.any? { |key| @env.key?(key) }
     end
 
-    # Determine if the #response validators (ETag, Last-Modified) matches
+    # Determine if the #response validators (etag, last-modified) matches
     # a conditional value specified in #request.
     def not_modified?(response)
       last_modified = @request.env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def lookup
         if entry
           if fresh_enough?(entry)
             record :fresh
-            entry.headers['Age'] = entry.age.to_s
+            entry.headers['age'] = entry.age.to_s
             entry
           else
             record :stale
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def validate_with_stale_cache_failover(entry)
     rescue => e
       record :connnection_failed
       age = entry.age.to_s
-      entry.headers['Age'] = age
+      entry.headers['age'] = age
       record "Fail-over to stale cache data with age #{age} due to #{e.class.name}: #{e}"
       entry
     end
@@ -232,12 +232,12 @@ def validate(entry)
         record :valid
 
         # Check if the response validated which is not cached here
-        etag = response.headers['ETag']
+        etag = response.headers['etag']
         return response if etag && request_etags.include?(etag) && !cached_etags.include?(etag)
 
         entry = entry.dup
-        entry.headers.delete('Date')
-        %w[Date Expires Cache-Control ETag Last-Modified].each do |name|
+        entry.headers.delete('date')
+        %w[Date expires cache-control etag last-modified].each do |name|
           next unless value = response.headers[name]
           entry.headers[name] = value
         end
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def fetch
     def store(response)
       strip_ignore_headers(response)
       metastore.store(@request, response, entitystore)
-      response.headers['Age'] = response.age.to_s
+      response.headers['age'] = response.age.to_s
     rescue => e
       log_error(e)
       nil

lib/rack/cache/entity_store.rb

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ def self.resolve(uri)
     # Set `entitystore` to 'noop:/'.
     # Does not persist response bodies (no disk/memory used).
     # Responses from the cache will have an empty body.
-    # Clients must ignore these empty cached response (check for X-Rack-Cache response header).
+    # Clients must ignore these empty cached response (check for x-rack-cache response header).
     # Atm cannot handle streamed responses, patch needed.
     #
     class Noop < EntityStore

lib/rack/cache/meta_store.rb

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ def lookup(request, entity_store)
 
       # find a cached entry that matches the request.
       env = request.env
-      match = entries.detect{ |req,res| requests_match?((res['Vary'] || res['vary']), env, req) }
+      match = entries.detect{ |req,res| requests_match?((res['vary'] || res['vary']), env, req) }
       return nil if match.nil?
 
       _, res = match
-      if body = entity_store.open(res['X-Content-Digest'])
+      if body = entity_store.open(res['x-content-digest'])
         restore_response(res, body)
       else
         # the metastore referenced an entity that doesn't exist in
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ def store(request, response, entity_store)
 
       # write the response body to the entity store if this is the
       # original response.
-      if response.headers['X-Content-Digest'].nil?
+      if response.headers['x-content-digest'].nil?
         if request.env['rack-cache.use_native_ttl'] && response.fresh?
           digest, size = entity_store.write(response.body, response.ttl)
         else
           digest, size = entity_store.write(response.body)
         end
-        response.headers['X-Content-Digest'] = digest
-        response.headers['Content-Length'] = size.to_s unless response.headers['Transfer-Encoding']
+        response.headers['x-content-digest'] = digest
+        response.headers['content-length'] = size.to_s unless response.headers['Transfer-Encoding']
 
         # If the entitystore backend is a Noop, do not try to read the body from the backend, it always returns an empty array
         unless entity_store.is_a? Rack::Cache::EntityStore::Noop
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ def store(request, response, entity_store)
       vary = response.vary
       entries =
         read(key).reject do |env, res|
-          (vary == (res['Vary'] || res['vary'])) &&
+          (vary == (res['vary'] || res['vary'])) &&
             requests_match?(vary, env, stored_env)
         end
 
       headers = persist_response(response)
-      headers.delete('Age')
+      headers.delete('age')
       headers.delete('age')
 
       entries.unshift [stored_env, headers]
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ def persist_request(request)
     # Converts a stored response hash into a Response object. The caller
     # is responsible for loading and passing the body if needed.
     def restore_response(hash, body=[])
-      status = hash.delete('X-Status').to_i
+      status = hash.delete('x-status').to_i
       Rack::Cache::Response.new(status, hash, body)
     end
 
     def persist_response(response)
-      hash = response.headers.to_hash
-      hash['X-Status'] = response.status.to_s
+      hash = response.headers.dup
+      hash['x-status'] = response.status.to_s
       hash
     end
 

lib/rack/cache/options.rb

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def option_name(key)
 
     # The number of seconds that a cache entry should be considered
     # "fresh" when no explicit freshness information is provided in
-    # a response. Explicit Cache-Control or Expires headers
+    # a response. Explicit cache-control or expires headers
     # override this value.
     #
     # Default: 0
@@ -83,24 +83,24 @@ def option_name(key)
     # example, in most cases, it makes sense to prevent cookies from being
     # stored in the cache.
     #
-    # Default: ['Set-Cookie']
+    # Default: ['set-cookie']
     option_accessor :ignore_headers
 
     # Set of request headers that trigger "private" cache-control behavior
     # on responses that don't explicitly state whether the response is
-    # public or private via a Cache-Control directive. Applications that use
+    # public or private via a cache-control directive. Applications that use
     # cookies for authorization may need to add the 'Cookie' header to this
     # list.
     #
     # Default: ['Authorization', 'Cookie']
     option_accessor :private_headers
 
     # Specifies whether a client can force cache reload by including a
-    # Cache-Control "no-cache" directive in the request. Disabled by default.
+    # cache-control "no-cache" directive in the request. Disabled by default.
     option_accessor :allow_reload
 
     # Specifies whether a client can force cache revalidate by including a
-    # Cache-Control "max-age=0" directive in the request. Disabled by default.
+    # cache-control "max-age=0" directive in the request. Disabled by default.
     option_accessor :allow_revalidate
 
     # Specifies whether the underlying entity store's native expiration should
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def initialize_options(options={})
         'rack-cache.metastore'        => 'heap:/',
         'rack-cache.entitystore'      => 'heap:/',
         'rack-cache.default_ttl'      => 0,
-        'rack-cache.ignore_headers'   => ['Set-Cookie'],
+        'rack-cache.ignore_headers'   => ['set-cookie'],
         'rack-cache.private_headers'  => ['Authorization', 'Cookie'],
         'rack-cache.allow_reload'     => false,
         'rack-cache.allow_revalidate' => false,