join_dependency.rb

module ActiveRecord
  module Associations
    class JoinDependency # :nodoc:
      autoload :JoinBase,        'active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_base'
      autoload :JoinAssociation, 'active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association'

      class Aliases # :nodoc:
        def initialize(tables)
          @tables = tables
          @alias_cache = tables.each_with_object({}) { |table,h|
            h[table.node] = table.columns.each_with_object({}) { |column,i|
              i[column.name] = column.alias
            }
          }
          @name_and_alias_cache = tables.each_with_object({}) { |table,h|
            h[table.node] = table.columns.map { |column|
              [column.name, column.alias]
            }
          }
        end

        def columns
          @tables.flat_map(&:column_aliases)
        end

        # An array of [column_name, alias] pairs for the table
        def column_aliases(node)
          @name_and_alias_cache[node]
        end

        def column_alias(node, column)
          @alias_cache[node][column]
        end

        class Table < Struct.new(:node, :columns)
          def table
            Arel::Nodes::TableAlias.new node.table, node.aliased_table_name
          end

          def column_aliases
            t = table
            columns.map { |column| t[column.name].as Arel.sql column.alias }
          end
        end
        Column = Struct.new(:name, :alias)
      end

      attr_reader :alias_tracker, :base_klass, :join_root

      def self.make_tree(associations)
        hash = {}
        walk_tree associations, hash
        hash
      end

      def self.walk_tree(associations, hash)
        case associations
        when Symbol, String
          hash[associations.to_sym] ||= {}
        when Array
          associations.each do |assoc|
            walk_tree assoc, hash
          end
        when Hash
          associations.each do |k,v|
            cache = hash[k] ||= {}
            walk_tree v, cache
          end
        else
          raise ConfigurationError, associations.inspect
        end
      end

      # base is the base class on which operation is taking place.
      # associations is the list of associations which are joined using hash, symbol or array.
      # joins is the list of all string join commands and arel nodes.
      #
      #  Example :
      #
      #  class Physician < ActiveRecord::Base
      #    has_many :appointments
      #    has_many :patients, through: :appointments
      #  end
      #
      #  If I execute `@physician.patients.to_a` then
      #    base # => Physician
      #    associations # => []
      #    joins # =>  [#<Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin: ...]
      #
      #  However if I execute `Physician.joins(:appointments).to_a` then
      #    base # => Physician
      #    associations # => [:appointments]
      #    joins # =>  []
      #
      def initialize(base, associations, joins)
        @alias_tracker = AliasTracker.create_with_joins(base.connection, base.table_name, joins, base.type_caster)
        tree = self.class.make_tree associations
        @join_root = JoinBase.new base, build(tree, base)
        @join_root.children.each { |child| construct_tables! @join_root, child }
      end

      def reflections
        join_root.drop(1).map!(&:reflection)
      end

      def join_constraints(outer_joins)
        joins = join_root.children.flat_map { |child|
          make_inner_joins join_root, child
        }

        joins.concat outer_joins.flat_map { |oj|
          if join_root.match? oj.join_root
            walk join_root, oj.join_root
          else
            oj.join_root.children.flat_map { |child|
              make_outer_joins oj.join_root, child
            }
          end
        }
      end

      def aliases
        Aliases.new join_root.each_with_index.map { |join_part,i|
          columns = join_part.column_names.each_with_index.map { |column_name,j|
            Aliases::Column.new column_name, "t#{i}_r#{j}"
          }
          Aliases::Table.new(join_part, columns)
        }
      end

      def instantiate(result_set, aliases)
        primary_key = aliases.column_alias(join_root, join_root.primary_key)

        seen = Hash.new { |h,parent_klass|
          h[parent_klass] = Hash.new { |i,parent_id|
            i[parent_id] = Hash.new { |j,child_klass| j[child_klass] = {} }
          }
        }

        model_cache = Hash.new { |h,klass| h[klass] = {} }
        parents = model_cache[join_root]
        column_aliases = aliases.column_aliases join_root

        message_bus = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter

        payload = {
          record_count: result_set.length,
          class_name: join_root.base_klass.name
        }

        message_bus.instrument('instantiation.active_record', payload) do
          result_set.each { |row_hash|
            parent = parents[row_hash[primary_key]] ||= join_root.instantiate(row_hash, column_aliases)
            construct(parent, join_root, row_hash, result_set, seen, model_cache, aliases)
          }
        end

        parents.values
      end

      private

      def make_constraints(parent, child, tables, join_type)
        chain         = child.reflection.chain
        foreign_table = parent.table
        foreign_klass = parent.base_klass
        child.join_constraints(foreign_table, foreign_klass, child, join_type, tables, child.reflection.scope_chain, chain)
      end

      def make_outer_joins(parent, child)
        tables    = table_aliases_for(parent, child)
        join_type = Arel::Nodes::OuterJoin
        info      = make_constraints parent, child, tables, join_type

        [info] + child.children.flat_map { |c| make_outer_joins(child, c) }
      end

      def make_inner_joins(parent, child)
        tables    = child.tables
        join_type = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin
        info      = make_constraints parent, child, tables, join_type

        [info] + child.children.flat_map { |c| make_inner_joins(child, c) }
      end

      def table_aliases_for(parent, node)
        node.reflection.chain.map { |reflection|
          alias_tracker.aliased_table_for(
            reflection.table_name,
            table_alias_for(reflection, parent, reflection != node.reflection)
          )
        }
      end

      def construct_tables!(parent, node)
        node.tables = table_aliases_for(parent, node)
        node.children.each { |child| construct_tables! node, child }
      end

      def table_alias_for(reflection, parent, join)
        name = "#{reflection.plural_name}_#{parent.table_name}"
        name << "_join" if join
        name
      end

      def walk(left, right)
        intersection, missing = right.children.map { |node1|
          [left.children.find { |node2| node1.match? node2 }, node1]
        }.partition(&:first)

        ojs = missing.flat_map { |_,n| make_outer_joins left, n }
        intersection.flat_map { |l,r| walk l, r }.concat ojs
      end

      def find_reflection(klass, name)
        klass._reflect_on_association(name) or
          raise ConfigurationError, "Association named '#{ name }' was not found on #{ klass.name }; perhaps you misspelled it?"
      end

      def build(associations, base_klass)
        associations.map do |name, right|
          reflection = find_reflection base_klass, name
          reflection.check_validity!
          reflection.check_eager_loadable!

          if reflection.polymorphic?
            raise EagerLoadPolymorphicError.new(reflection)
          end

          JoinAssociation.new reflection, build(right, reflection.klass)
        end
      end

      def construct(ar_parent, parent, row, rs, seen, model_cache, aliases)
        return if ar_parent.nil?
        primary_id  = ar_parent.id

        parent.children.each do |node|
          if node.reflection.collection?
            other = ar_parent.association(node.reflection.name)
            other.loaded!
          elsif ar_parent.association_cached?(node.reflection.name)
            model = ar_parent.association(node.reflection.name).target
            construct(model, node, row, rs, seen, model_cache, aliases)
            next
          end

          key = aliases.column_alias(node, node.primary_key)
          id = row[key]
          if id.nil?
            nil_association = ar_parent.association(node.reflection.name)
            nil_association.loaded!
            next
          end

          model = seen[parent.base_klass][primary_id][node.base_klass][id]

          if model
            construct(model, node, row, rs, seen, model_cache, aliases)
          else
            model = construct_model(ar_parent, node, row, model_cache, id, aliases)
            model.readonly!
            seen[parent.base_klass][primary_id][node.base_klass][id] = model
            construct(model, node, row, rs, seen, model_cache, aliases)
          end
        end
      end

      def construct_model(record, node, row, model_cache, id, aliases)
        model = model_cache[node][id] ||= node.instantiate(row,
                                                           aliases.column_aliases(node))
        other = record.association(node.reflection.name)

        if node.reflection.collection?
          other.target.push(model)
        else
          other.target = model
        end

        other.set_inverse_instance(model)
        model
      end
    end
  end
end