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CHANGELOG.md
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## Rails 6.1.7.3 (March 13, 2023) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.7.2 (January 24, 2023) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
* Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict
Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was
attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with
carefully crafted input.
This commit makes the sanitization more robust by replacing any
occurrences of "/*" or "*/" with "/ *" or "* /". It also performs a
first pass to remove one surrounding comment to avoid compatibility
issues for users relying on the existing removal.
This also clarifies in the documentation of annotate that it should not
be provided user input.
[CVE-2023-22794]
* Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting
Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type
PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing
integer values against numeric values can result in a slow
sequential scan.
This behavior is configurable via
ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.
[CVE-2022-44566]
## Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022) ##
* Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns
*Étienne Barrié*
* Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
*Jean Boussier*
* Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
Fixes #44307.
*Nikita Vasilevsky*
## Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
* Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
This adds two new configuration options The configuration options are as
follows:
* `config.active_record.use_yaml_unsafe_load`
When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old
"unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving
the possible escalation vulnerability in place. Setting this option to true
is *not* recommended, but can aid in upgrading.
* `config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes`
The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized
by default. This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your
application. For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in
serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:
```
config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]
```
[CVE-2022-32224]
## Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022) ##
* Fix `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` for Ruby 2.6.
Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the `String#-@` method.
In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the `String#-@` method is modified under certain circumstances.
This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only
fixed in Ruby 2.7.
Before the changes in this commit, the
`ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` method, which internally
calls the `String#-@` method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 --
changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.
Fixes #43056
*Eric O'Hanlon*
* Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when
migration version is 6.0.
`reference`/`belongs_to` in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
*Marcelo Lauxen*
* Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
```ruby
Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
```
Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
responsible to detect write queries.
The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
*Jean Boussier*
* Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
*Kevin Sjöberg*
* Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading
`has_many` through relations.
Fixes #43132
*Alexander Pauly*
* Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by
`config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
various DB management tasks.
Fixes #42983
*Jean Boussier*
* Fix duplicate active record objects on `inverse_of`.
*Justin Carvalho*
* Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.
Fixes #42549.
*Alex Ghiculescu*
* Fix performance regression in `CollectionAssocation#build`.
*Alex Ghiculescu*
* Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.
*fatkodima*
## Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021) ##
* Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
*Jamie McCarthy*
* Raise an error if `pool_config` is `nil` in `set_pool_config`.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility
Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
*Jean Boussier*
* Support using replicas when using `rails dbconsole`.
*Christopher Thornton*
* Restore connection pools after transactional tests.
*Eugene Kenny*
* Change `upsert_all` to fails cleanly for MySQL when `:unique_by` is used.
*Bastian Bartmann*
* Fix user-defined `self.default_scope` to respect table alias.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Clear `@cache_keys` cache after `update_all`, `delete_all`, `destroy_all`.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
`quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
*Bradley Priest*
* Fix `merge` when the `where` clauses have string contents.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested `dependent: :destroy`.
*Jacopo Beschi*
* Fix binds logging for `"WHERE ... IN ..."` statements.
*Ricardo Díaz*
* Handle `false` in relation strict loading checks.
Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a
relation set `strict_loading` to false the false wasn't considered when
deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.
```
class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
self.strict_loading_by_default = true
has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
end
```
In the example, `dog.treats` would still raise even though
`strict_loading` was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than
Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need
to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little
surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453
with some additions.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Radamés Roriz*
* Fix numericality validator without precision.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix `CREATE INDEX` statement generation for PostgreSQL.
*eltongo*
* Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix `unprepared_statement` to work it when nesting.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
## Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021) ##
* No changes.
## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
* Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
to the connection session.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
are enabled.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
an `IN` clause.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
with a having clause
Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
references an aliased select value would generate an error when
#include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
error was raised.
An sample query affected by this problem:
```ruby
Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
.joins(:posts)
.group(:id)
.having('total_posts > 2')
.include?(Author.first)
```
This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
a having clause.
Fixes #41417
*Michael Smart*
* Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
*wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
* Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter. This patch
fixes the regexp.
Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
[CVE-2021-22880]
*Aaron Patterson*
## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
* Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Make destroy async transactional.
An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
rolledback putting things in a funky state.
Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
*Cory Gwin*
* Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
*robinroestenburg*
* Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
Fixes #41137.
*Jonathan Bracy*
* Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
*alpaca-tc*
* Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
* Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
*Alex Ghiculescu*
* Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix `where` with aliased associations.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
*Muhammad Usman*
* Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
*glaszig*
* Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
Fixes #40732.
Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
automatically.
```ruby
add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
```
*fatkodima*
## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
* Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
Fixes #39065.
*Alex Ghiculescu*
* Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
Fixes #35204.
*Tomoyuki Kai*
* Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
```ruby
class AdminAuthor
delegate_missing_to :@author
def initialize(author)
@author = author
end
end
Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
```
*Sean Doyle*
* Add `connected_to_many` API.
This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
Before:
AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
Dog.first # read from animals replica
Dinner.first # read from meals replica
Person.first # read from primary writer
end
end
After:
ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
Dog.first # read from animals replica
Dinner.first # read from meals replica
Person.first # read from primary writer
end
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
* Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
Fixes #34255.
*Steven Weber*
* Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
Fixes #38655.
*Luke Redpath*
* MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
`column_name_length`
`table_name_length`
`columns_per_table`
`indexes_per_table`
`columns_per_multicolumn_index`
`sql_query_length`
`joins_per_query`
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
in initialization block and callbacks.
Before:
User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
end
After:
User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
end
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
end
Before:
User.where(name: "John").david
# SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
After:
User.where(name: "John").david
# SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
`fetch`
`each`
`first`
`values`
`[]=`
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
Before:
User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
# SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
After:
User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
# SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
*Rafael Mendonça França*
* Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
*Omri Gabay*
* Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
Example usage:
Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
```ruby
ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
User.first # reads from default replica
Dog.first # reads from default replica
AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
User.first # reads from default replica
Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
end
User.first # reads from default replica
Dog.first # reads from default replica
ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
User.first # reads from shard two primary
Dog.first # reads from default replica
end
end
```
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
* Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
*James Adam*
* Add `values_at` method.
Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
```ruby
topic = Topic.first
topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
# => ["Budget", "Jason"]
```
Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
*Guillaume Briday*
* Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
*Marcelo Lauxen*
* Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
```ruby
class Article < ApplicationRecord
validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
published_at = article.published_at
where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
}
end
```
*Eliot Sykes*
* `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
```ruby
Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
```
Fixes #40287.
*Eugene Kenny*
* Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
`ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
Optional column precision is supported.
To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
attribute :duration, :interval
To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:
attribute :duration, :string
Example:
create_table :events do |t|
t.string :name
t.interval :duration
end
class Event < ApplicationRecord
attribute :duration, :interval
end
Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
Event.last.duration # => 2 days
Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
*Andrey Novikov*
* Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
```ruby
class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
end
```
`:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
*DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
* Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
*Jason Schweier*
* `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
* All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
`ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
*Jean Boussier*
* `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
`ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
*Jean Boussier*
* Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
*Alex Robbin*
* Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
*Eileen M. Uchitelle*
* Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
```ruby
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
enum label: [:default, :child]
has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
end
# ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
`rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
*fatkodima*
* Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
```ruby
post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
post.body # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
# Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
post.body # => "Such a lovely day"
# Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
post.body # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
```ruby
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
end
# Rails 6.0
Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
# Rails 6.1
Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Allow default to be configured for Enum.
```ruby
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
end
Book.new.status # => "published"
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
*Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
* Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
```ruby
david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
mary_and_bob = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob) # => [david, mary, bob]
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0.
To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
```ruby
# Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
# Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
# Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
# Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
```
*Ryuta Kamizono*
* Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
*Peter Fry*
* Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
`ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
Usage:
```ruby
create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
t.column :name, :string
t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
end