schema_statements.rb

module ActiveRecord
  module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
    module SchemaStatements
      # Returns a Hash of mappings from the abstract data types to the native
      # database types.  See TableDefinition#column for details on the recognized
      # abstract data types.
      def native_database_types
        {}
      end

      # This is the maximum length a table alias can be
      def table_alias_length
        255
      end

      # Truncates a table alias according to the limits of the current adapter.
      def table_alias_for(table_name)
        table_name[0..table_alias_length-1].gsub(/\./, '_')
      end

      # def tables(name = nil) end

      def table_exists?(table_name)
        tables.include?(table_name.to_s)
      end

      # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
      # def indexes(table_name, name = nil) end

      # Returns an array of Column objects for the table specified by +table_name+.
      # See the concrete implementation for details on the expected parameter values.
      def columns(table_name, name = nil) end

      # Creates a new table with the name +table_name+. +table_name+ may either
      # be a String or a Symbol.
      #
      # There are two ways to work with +create_table+.  You can use the block
      # form or the regular form, like this:
      #
      # === Block form
      #  # create_table() passes a TableDefinition object to the block.
      #  # This form will not only create the table, but also columns for the
      #  # table.
      #  create_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.column :name, :string, :limit => 60
      #    # Other fields here
      #  end
      #
      # === Regular form
      #  # Creates a table called 'suppliers' with no columns.
      #  create_table(:suppliers)
      #  # Add a column to 'suppliers'.
      #  add_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, {:limit => 60})
      #
      # The +options+ hash can include the following keys:
      # [<tt>:id</tt>]
      #   Whether to automatically add a primary key column. Defaults to true.
      #   Join tables for +has_and_belongs_to_many+ should set <tt>:id => false</tt>.
      # [<tt>:primary_key</tt>]
      #   The name of the primary key, if one is to be added automatically.
      #   Defaults to +id+.
      # [<tt>:options</tt>]
      #   Any extra options you want appended to the table definition.
      # [<tt>:temporary</tt>]
      #   Make a temporary table.
      # [<tt>:force</tt>]
      #   Set to true to drop the table before creating it.
      #   Defaults to false.
      #
      # ===== Examples
      # ====== Add a backend specific option to the generated SQL (MySQL)
      #  create_table(:suppliers, :options => 'ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8')
      # generates:
      #  CREATE TABLE suppliers (
      #    id int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY
      #  ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
      #
      # ====== Rename the primary key column
      #  create_table(:objects, :primary_key => 'guid') do |t|
      #    t.column :name, :string, :limit => 80
      #  end
      # generates:
      #  CREATE TABLE objects (
      #    guid int(11) DEFAULT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
      #    name varchar(80)
      #  )
      #
      # ====== Do not add a primary key column
      #  create_table(:categories_suppliers, :id => false) do |t|
      #    t.column :category_id, :integer
      #    t.column :supplier_id, :integer
      #  end
      # generates:
      #  CREATE TABLE categories_suppliers (
      #    category_id int,
      #    supplier_id int
      #  )
      #
      # See also TableDefinition#column for details on how to create columns.
      def create_table(table_name, options = {})
        table_definition = TableDefinition.new(self)
        table_definition.primary_key(options[:primary_key] || Base.get_primary_key(table_name.to_s.singularize)) unless options[:id] == false

        yield table_definition

        if options[:force] && table_exists?(table_name)
          drop_table(table_name, options)
        end

        create_sql = "CREATE#{' TEMPORARY' if options[:temporary]} TABLE "
        create_sql << "#{quote_table_name(table_name)} ("
        create_sql << table_definition.to_sql
        create_sql << ") #{options[:options]}"
        execute create_sql
      end

      # A block for changing columns in +table+.
      #
      # === Example
      #  # change_table() yields a Table instance
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.column :name, :string, :limit => 60
      #    # Other column alterations here
      #  end
      #
      # ===== Examples
      # ====== Add a column
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.column :name, :string, :limit => 60
      #  end
      #
      # ====== Add 2 integer columns
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.integer :width, :height, :null => false, :default => 0
      #  end
      #
      # ====== Add created_at/updated_at columns
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.timestamps
      #  end
      #
      # ====== Add a foreign key column
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.references :company
      #  end
      #
      # Creates a <tt>company_id(integer)</tt> column
      #
      # ====== Add a polymorphic foreign key column
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.belongs_to :company, :polymorphic => true
      #  end
      #
      # Creates <tt>company_type(varchar)</tt> and <tt>company_id(integer)</tt> columns
      #
      # ====== Remove a column
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.remove :company
      #  end
      #
      # ====== Remove several columns
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.remove :company_id
      #    t.remove :width, :height
      #  end
      #
      # ====== Remove an index
      #  change_table(:suppliers) do |t|
      #    t.remove_index :company_id
      #  end
      #
      # See also Table for details on
      # all of the various column transformation
      def change_table(table_name)
        yield Table.new(table_name, self)
      end

      # Renames a table.
      # ===== Example
      #  rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
        raise NotImplementedError, "rename_table is not implemented"
      end

      # Drops a table from the database.
      def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
        execute "DROP TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
      end

      # Adds a new column to the named table.
      # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
        add_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
        add_column_options!(add_column_sql, options)
        execute(add_column_sql)
      end

      # Removes the column(s) from the table definition.
      # ===== Examples
      #  remove_column(:suppliers, :qualification)
      #  remove_columns(:suppliers, :qualification, :experience)
      def remove_column(table_name, *column_names)
        column_names.flatten.each do |column_name|
          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
        end
      end
      alias :remove_columns :remove_column

      # Changes the column's definition according to the new options.
      # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
      # ===== Examples
      #  change_column(:suppliers, :name, :string, :limit => 80)
      #  change_column(:accounts, :description, :text)
      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
        raise NotImplementedError, "change_column is not implemented"
      end

      # Sets a new default value for a column.  If you want to set the default
      # value to +NULL+, you are out of luck.  You need to
      # DatabaseStatements#execute the appropriate SQL statement yourself.
      # ===== Examples
      #  change_column_default(:suppliers, :qualification, 'new')
      #  change_column_default(:accounts, :authorized, 1)
      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default)
        raise NotImplementedError, "change_column_default is not implemented"
      end

      # Renames a column.
      # ===== Example
      #  rename_column(:suppliers, :description, :name)
      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
        raise NotImplementedError, "rename_column is not implemented"
      end

      # Adds a new index to the table.  +column_name+ can be a single Symbol, or
      # an Array of Symbols.
      #
      # The index will be named after the table and the first column name,
      # unless you pass <tt>:name</tt> as an option.
      #
      # When creating an index on multiple columns, the first column is used as a name
      # for the index. For example, when you specify an index on two columns
      # [<tt>:first</tt>, <tt>:last</tt>], the DBMS creates an index for both columns as well as an
      # index for the first column <tt>:first</tt>. Using just the first name for this index
      # makes sense, because you will never have to create a singular index with this
      # name.
      #
      # ===== Examples
      # ====== Creating a simple index
      #  add_index(:suppliers, :name)
      # generates
      #  CREATE INDEX suppliers_name_index ON suppliers(name)
      # ====== Creating a unique index
      #  add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], :unique => true)
      # generates
      #  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX accounts_branch_id_party_id_index ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
      # ====== Creating a named index
      #  add_index(:accounts, [:branch_id, :party_id], :unique => true, :name => 'by_branch_party')
      # generates
      #  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX by_branch_party ON accounts(branch_id, party_id)
      def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {})
        column_names = Array(column_name)
        index_name   = index_name(table_name, :column => column_names)

        if Hash === options # legacy support, since this param was a string
          index_type = options[:unique] ? "UNIQUE" : ""
          index_name = options[:name] || index_name
        else
          index_type = options
        end
        quoted_column_names = column_names.map { |e| quote_column_name(e) }.join(", ")
        execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{quoted_column_names})"
      end

      # Remove the given index from the table.
      #
      # Remove the suppliers_name_index in the suppliers table.
      #   remove_index :suppliers, :name
      # Remove the index named accounts_branch_id_index in the accounts table.
      #   remove_index :accounts, :column => :branch_id
      # Remove the index named accounts_branch_id_party_id_index in the accounts table.
      #   remove_index :accounts, :column => [:branch_id, :party_id]
      # Remove the index named by_branch_party in the accounts table.
      #   remove_index :accounts, :name => :by_branch_party
      def remove_index(table_name, options = {})
        execute "DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name(table_name, options))} ON #{table_name}"
      end

      def index_name(table_name, options) #:nodoc:
        if Hash === options # legacy support
          if options[:column]
            "index_#{table_name}_on_#{Array(options[:column]) * '_and_'}"
          elsif options[:name]
            options[:name]
          else
            raise ArgumentError, "You must specify the index name"
          end
        else
          index_name(table_name, :column => options)
        end
      end

      # Returns a string of <tt>CREATE TABLE</tt> SQL statement(s) for recreating the
      # entire structure of the database.
      def structure_dump
      end

      def dump_schema_information #:nodoc:
        sm_table = ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name
        migrated = select_values("SELECT version FROM #{sm_table}")
        migrated.map { |v| "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{v}');" }.join("\n\n")
      end

      # Should not be called normally, but this operation is non-destructive.
      # The migrations module handles this automatically.
      def initialize_schema_migrations_table
        sm_table = ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name

        unless tables.detect { |t| t == sm_table }
          create_table(sm_table, :id => false) do |schema_migrations_table|
            schema_migrations_table.column :version, :string, :null => false
          end
          add_index sm_table, :version, :unique => true,
            :name => "#{Base.table_name_prefix}unique_schema_migrations#{Base.table_name_suffix}"

          # Backwards-compatibility: if we find schema_info, assume we've
          # migrated up to that point:
          si_table = Base.table_name_prefix + 'schema_info' + Base.table_name_suffix

          if tables.detect { |t| t == si_table }

            old_version = select_value("SELECT version FROM #{quote_table_name(si_table)}").to_i
            assume_migrated_upto_version(old_version)
            drop_table(si_table)
          end
        end
      end

      def assume_migrated_upto_version(version, migrations_path = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path)
        version = version.to_i
        sm_table = quote_table_name(ActiveRecord::Migrator.schema_migrations_table_name)

        migrated = select_values("SELECT version FROM #{sm_table}").map(&:to_i)
        versions = Dir["#{migrations_path}/[0-9]*_*.rb"].map do |filename|
          filename.split('/').last.split('_').first.to_i
        end

        unless migrated.include?(version)
          execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{version}')"
        end

        inserted = Set.new
        (versions - migrated).each do |v|
          if inserted.include?(v)
            raise "Duplicate migration #{v}. Please renumber your migrations to resolve the conflict."
          elsif v < version
            execute "INSERT INTO #{sm_table} (version) VALUES ('#{v}')"
            inserted << v
          end
        end
      end

      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil) #:nodoc:
        if native = native_database_types[type]
          column_type_sql = (native.is_a?(Hash) ? native[:name] : native).dup

          if type == :decimal # ignore limit, use precision and scale
            scale ||= native[:scale]

            if precision ||= native[:precision]
              if scale
                column_type_sql << "(#{precision},#{scale})"
              else
                column_type_sql << "(#{precision})"
              end
            elsif scale
              raise ArgumentError, "Error adding decimal column: precision cannot be empty if scale if specified"
            end

          elsif (type != :primary_key) && (limit ||= native.is_a?(Hash) && native[:limit])
            column_type_sql << "(#{limit})"
          end

          column_type_sql
        else
          type
        end
      end

      def add_column_options!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
        sql << " DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default], options[:column])}" if options_include_default?(options)
        # must explicitly check for :null to allow change_column to work on migrations
        if options[:null] == false
          sql << " NOT NULL"
        end
      end

      # SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
      # Both PostgreSQL and Oracle overrides this for custom DISTINCT syntax.
      #
      #   distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
      def distinct(columns, order_by)
        "DISTINCT #{columns}"
      end

      # ORDER BY clause for the passed order option.
      # PostgreSQL overrides this due to its stricter standards compliance.
      def add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
        sql << " ORDER BY #{options[:order]}"
      end

      # Adds timestamps (created_at and updated_at) columns to the named table.
      # ===== Examples
      #  add_timestamps(:suppliers)
      def add_timestamps(table_name)
        add_column table_name, :created_at, :datetime
        add_column table_name, :updated_at, :datetime
      end

      # Removes the timestamp columns (created_at and updated_at) from the table definition.
      # ===== Examples
      #  remove_timestamps(:suppliers)
      def remove_timestamps(table_name)
        remove_column table_name, :updated_at
        remove_column table_name, :created_at
      end

      protected
        def options_include_default?(options)
          options.include?(:default) && !(options[:null] == false && options[:default].nil?)
        end
    end
  end
end