Rails 5.0.0.rc1 (May 06, 2016)

No changes.

Rails 5.0.0.beta4 (April 27, 2016)

PostgreSQL: Support Expression Indexes and Operator Classes.

Example:
```
create_table :users do |t|
  t.string :name
  t.index 'lower(name) varchar_pattern_ops'
end
```
Fixes #19090, #21765, #21819, #24359.

Ryuta Kamizono
MySQL: Prepared statements support.

To enable, set prepared_statements: true in config/database.yml. Requires mysql2 0.4.4+.

Ryuta Kamizono
Schema dumper: Indexes are now included in the create_table block instead of listed afterward as separate add_index lines.

This tidies up schema.rb and makes it easy to read as a list of tables.

Bonus: Allows databases that support it (MySQL) to perform as single CREATE TABLE query, no additional query per index.

Ryuta Kamizono
SQLite: Fix uniqueness validation when values exceed the column limit.

SQLite doesn't impose length restrictions on strings, BLOBs, or numeric values. It treats them as helpful metadata. When we truncate strings before checking uniqueness, we'd miss values that exceed the column limit.

Other databases enforce length limits. A large value will pass uniqueness validation since the column limit guarantees no value that long exists. When we insert the row, it'll raise ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong as we expect.

This fixes edge-case incorrect validation failures for values that exceed the column limit but are identical to an existing value when truncated. Now these will pass validation and raise an exception.

Ryuta Kamizono
Raise ActiveRecord::ValueTooLong when column limits are exceeded. Supported by MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.

Ryuta Kamizono
Migrations: #foreign_key respects table_name_prefix and _suffix.

Ryuta Kamizono
SQLite: Force NOT NULL primary keys.

From SQLite docs: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html According to the SQL standard, PRIMARY KEY should always imply NOT NULL. Unfortunately, due to a bug in some early versions, this is not the case in SQLite. Unless the column is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or the table is a WITHOUT ROWID table or the column is declared NOT NULL, SQLite allows NULL values in a PRIMARY KEY column. SQLite could be fixed to conform to the standard, but doing so might break legacy applications. Hence, it has been decided to merely document the fact that SQLite allowing NULLs in most PRIMARY KEY columns.

Now we override column options to explicitly set NOT NULL rather than rely on implicit NOT NULL like MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters.

Ryuta Kamizono
Added notice when a database is successfully created or dropped.

Example:
```
$ bin/rails db:create
Created database 'blog_development'
Created database 'blog_test'

$ bin/rails db:drop
Dropped database 'blog_development'
Dropped database 'blog_test'
```
Changed older notices blog_development already exists to Database 'blog_development' already exists. and Couldn't drop blog_development to Couldn't drop database 'blog_development'.

bogdanvlviv

Database comments. Annotate database objects (tables, columns, indexes) with comments stored in database metadata. PostgreSQL & MySQL support.

create_table :pages, force: :cascade, comment: 'CMS content pages' do |t|
  t.string :path,   comment: 'Path fragment of page URL used for routing'
  t.string :locale, comment: 'RFC 3066 locale code of website language section'
  t.index [:path, :locale], comment: 'Look up pages by URI'
end

Andrey Novikov

Add quoted_time for truncating the date part of a TIME column value. This fixes queries on TIME column on MariaDB, as it doesn't ignore the date part of the string when it coerces to time.

Ryuta Kamizono
Properly accept all valid JSON primitives in the JSON data type.

Fixes #24234

Sean Griffin
MariaDB 5.3+ supports microsecond datetime precision.

Jeremy Daer

Delegate none? and one?. Now they can be invoked as model class methods.

Example:

# When no record is found on the table
Topic.none?  # => true

# When only one record is found on the table
Topic.one?   # => true

Kenta Shirai

The form builder now properly displays values when passing a proc form default to the attributes API.

Fixes #24249.

Sean Griffin
The schema cache is now cleared after the db:migrate task is run.

Closes #24273.

Chris Arcand
MySQL: strict mode respects other SQL modes rather than overwriting them. Setting strict: true adds STRICT_ALL_TABLES to sql_mode. Setting strict: false removes STRICT_TRANS_TABLES, STRICT_ALL_TABLES, and TRADITIONAL from sql_mode.

Ryuta Kamizono
Execute default_scope defined by abstract class in the context of subclass.

Fixes #23413. Fixes #10658.

Mehmet Emin İNAÇ
Fix an issue when preloading associations with extensions. Previously every association with extension methods was transformed into an instance dependent scope. This is no longer the case.

Fixes #23934.

Yves Senn
Deprecate {insert|update|delete}_sql in DatabaseStatements. Use the {insert|update|delete} public methods instead.

Ryuta Kamizono
Added a configuration option to have active record raise an ArgumentError if the order or limit is ignored in a batch query, rather than logging a warning message.

Scott Ringwelski
Honour the order of the joining model in a has_many :through association when eager loading.

Example:

The below will now follow the order of by_lines when eager loading authors.
```
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :by_lines, -> { order(:position) }
  has_many :authors, through: :by_lines
end
```
Fixes #17864.

Yasyf Mohamedali, Joel Turkel
Ensure that the Suppressor runs before validations.

This moves the suppressor up to be run before validations rather than after validations. There's no reason to validate a record you aren't planning on saving.

Eileen M. Uchitelle

Rails 5.0.0.beta3 (February 24, 2016)

Save many-to-many objects based on association primary key.

Fixes #20995.

himesh-r
Ensure that mutations of the array returned from ActiveRecord::Relation#to_a do not affect the original relation, by returning a duplicate array each time.

This brings the behavior in line with CollectionProxy#to_a, which was already more careful.

Matthew Draper

Fixed where for polymorphic associations when passed an array containing different types.

Fixes #17011.

Example:

PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: [Treasure.find(1), Car.find(2)])
# => SELECT "price_estimates".* FROM "price_estimates"
     WHERE (("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Treasure' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 1)
     OR ("price_estimates"."estimate_of_type" = 'Car' AND "price_estimates"."estimate_of_id" = 2))

Philippe Huibonhoa

Fix a bug where using t.foreign_key twice with the same to_table within the same table definition would only create one foreign key.

George Millo
Fix a regression on has many association, where calling a child from parent in child's callback results in same child records getting added repeatedly to target.

Fixes #13387.

Bogdan Gusiev, Jon Hinson
Rework ActiveRecord::Relation#last.
1. Never perform additional SQL on loaded relation
2. Use SQL reverse order instead of loading relation if relation doesn't have limit
3. Deprecated relation loading when SQL order can not be automatically reversed
  
  Topic.order("title").load.last(3)
  
  before: SELECT ...
  
  after: No SQL
  
  Topic.order("title").last
  
  before: SELECT * FROM topics
  
  after: SELECT * FROM topics ORDER BY topics.title DESC LIMIT 1
  
  Topic.order("coalesce(author, title)").last
  
  before: SELECT * FROM topics
  
  after: Deprecation Warning for irreversible order
Bogdan Gusiev
Allow joins to be unscoped.

Fixes #13775.

Takashi Kokubun
Add ActiveRecord #second_to_last and #third_to_last methods.

Brian Christian

Added numeric helper into migrations.

Example:

create_table(:numeric_types) do |t|
  t.numeric :numeric_type, precision: 10, scale: 2
end

Mehmet Emin İNAÇ

Bumped the minimum supported version of PostgreSQL to >= 9.1. Both PG 9.0 and 8.4 are past their end of life date: http://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/

Remo Mueller

Rails 5.0.0.beta2 (February 01, 2016)

ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order throws ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError when the order can not be reversed using current trivial algorithm. Also raises the same error when #reverse_order is called on relation without any order and table has no primary key:

Topic.order("concat(author_name, title)").reverse_order
  # Before: SELECT `topics`.* FROM `topics` ORDER BY concat(author_name DESC, title) DESC
  # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError
Edge.all.reverse_order
  # Before: SELECT `edges`.* FROM `edges` ORDER BY `edges`.`` DESC
  # After: raises ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError

Bogdan Gusiev

Improve schema_migrations insertion performance by inserting all versions in one INSERT SQL.

Akira Matsuda, Naoto Koshikawa
Using references or belongs_to in migrations will always add index for the referenced column by default, without adding index: true option to generated migration file. Users can opt out of this by passing index: false.

Fixes #18146.

Matthew Draper, Prathamesh Sonpatki
Run type attributes through attributes API type-casting before instantiating the corresponding subclass. This makes it possible to define custom STI mappings.

Fixes #21986.

Yves Senn
Don't try to quote functions or expressions passed to :default option if they are passed as procs.

This will generate proper query with the passed function or expression for the default option, instead of trying to quote it in incorrect fashion.

Example:
```
create_table :posts do |t|
  t.datetime :published_at, default: -> { 'NOW()' }
end
```
Ryuta Kamizono
Fix regression when loading fixture files with symbol keys.

Fixes #22584.

Yves Senn
Use version column as primary key for schema_migrations table because schema_migrations versions are guaranteed to be unique.

This makes it possible to use update_attributes on models that do not have a primary key.

Richard Schneeman
Add short-hand methods for text and blob types in MySQL.

In Pg and Sqlite3, :text and :binary have variable unlimited length. But in MySQL, these have limited length for each types (ref #21591, #21619). This change adds short-hand methods for each text and blob types.

Example:
```
create_table :foos do |t|
  t.tinyblob   :tiny_blob
  t.mediumblob :medium_blob
  t.longblob   :long_blob
  t.tinytext   :tiny_text
  t.mediumtext :medium_text
  t.longtext   :long_text
end
```
Ryuta Kamizono
Take into account UTC offset when assigning string representation of timestamp with offset specified to attribute of time type.

Andrey Novikov
When calling first with a limit argument, return directly from the loaded? records if available.

Ben Woosley
Deprecate sending the offset argument to find_nth. Please use the offset method on relation instead.

Ben Woosley

Rails 5.0.0.beta1 (December 18, 2015)

Limit record touching to once per transaction.

If you have a parent/grand-parent relation like:
```
Comment belongs_to :message, touch: true
Message belongs_to :project, touch: true
Project belongs_to :account, touch: true
```
When the lowest entry(Comment) is saved, now, it won't repeat the touch call multiple times for the parent records.

Related #18606.

arthurnn
Order the result of find(ids) to match the passed array, if the relation has no explicit order defined.

Fixes #20338.

Miguel Grazziotin, Matthew Draper
Omit default limit values in dumped schema. It's tidier, and if the defaults change in the future, we can address that via Migration API Versioning.

Jean Boussier
Support passing the schema name as a prefix to table name in ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#indexes. Previously the prefix would be considered a full part of the index name, and only the schema in the current search path would be considered.

Grey Baker
Ignore index name in index_exists? and remove_index when not passed a name to check for.

Grey Baker
Extract support for the legacy mysql database adapter from core. It will live on in a separate gem for now, but most users should just use mysql2.

Abdelkader Boudih
ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide model behavior.

Newly generated applications have app/models/application_record.rb present by default.

Genadi Samokovarov
Version the API presented to migration classes, so we can change parameter defaults without breaking existing migrations, or forcing them to be rewritten through a deprecation cycle.

New migrations specify the Rails version they were written for:
```
class AddStatusToOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    # ...
  end
end
```
Matthew Draper, Ravil Bayramgalin
Use bind params for limit and offset. This will generate significantly fewer prepared statements for common tasks like pagination. To support this change, passing a string containing a comma to limit has been deprecated, and passing an Arel node to limit is no longer supported.

Fixes #22250.

Sean Griffin

Introduce after_{create,update,delete}_commit callbacks.

Before:

after_commit :add_to_index_later, on: :create
after_commit :update_in_index_later, on: :update
after_commit :remove_from_index_later, on: :destroy

After:

after_create_commit  :add_to_index_later
after_update_commit  :update_in_index_later
after_destroy_commit :remove_from_index_later

Fixes #22515.

Genadi Samokovarov

Respect the column default values for inheritance_column when instantiating records through the base class.

Fixes #17121.

Example:
```
# The schema of BaseModel has `t.string :type, default: 'SubType'`
subtype = BaseModel.new
assert_equals SubType, subtype.class
```
Kuldeep Aggarwal
Fix rake db:structure:dump on Postgres when multiple schemas are used.

Fixes #22346.

Nick Muerdter, ckoenig
Add schema dumping support for PostgreSQL geometric data types.

Ryuta Kamizono
Except keys of build_record's argument from create_scope in initialize_attributes.

Fixes #21893.

Yuichiro Kaneko
Deprecate connection.tables on the SQLite3 and MySQL adapters. Also deprecate passing arguments to #tables. And deprecate table_exists?.

The #tables method of some adapters (mysql, mysql2, sqlite3) would return both tables and views while others (postgresql) just return tables. To make their behavior consistent, #tables will return only tables in the future.

The #table_exists? method would check both tables and views. To make their behavior consistent with #tables, #table_exists? will check only tables in the future.

Yuichiro Kaneko
Improve support for non Active Record objects on validates_associated

Skipping marked_for_destruction? when the associated object does not responds to it make easier to validate virtual associations built on top of Active Model objects and/or serialized objects that implement a valid? instance method.

Kassio Borges, Lucas Mazza
Change connection management middleware to return a new response with a body proxy, rather than mutating the original.

Kevin Buchanan

Make db:migrate:status to render 1_some.rb format migrate files.

These files are in db/migrate:

* 1_valid_people_have_last_names.rb
* 20150819202140_irreversible_migration.rb
* 20150823202140_add_admin_flag_to_users.rb
* 20150823202141_migration_tests.rb
* 2_we_need_reminders.rb
* 3_innocent_jointable.rb

Before:

$ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
...

 Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
--------------------------------------------------
   up     001             ********** NO FILE **********
   up     002             ********** NO FILE **********
   up     003             ********** NO FILE **********
   up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
   up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
   up     20150823202141  Migration tests

After:

$ bundle exec rake db:migrate:status
...

 Status   Migration ID    Migration Name
--------------------------------------------------
   up     001             Valid people have last names
   up     002             We need reminders
   up     003             Innocent jointable
   up     20150819202140  Irreversible migration
   up     20150823202140  Add admin flag to users
   up     20150823202141  Migration tests

Yuichiro Kaneko

Define ActiveRecord::Sanitization.sanitize_sql_for_order and use it inside preprocess_order_args.

Yuichiro Kaneko
Allow bigint with default nil for avoiding auto increment primary key.

Ryuta Kamizono
Remove DEFAULT_CHARSET and DEFAULT_COLLATION in MySQLDatabaseTasks.

We should omit the collation entirely rather than providing a default. Then the choice is the responsibility of the server and MySQL distribution.

Ryuta Kamizono
Alias ActiveRecord::Relation#left_joins to ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins.

Takashi Kokubun
Use advisory locking to raise a ConcurrentMigrationError instead of attempting to migrate when another migration is currently running.

Sam Davies

Added ActiveRecord::Relation#left_outer_joins.

Example:

User.left_outer_joins(:posts)
# => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON
     "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id"

Florian Thomas

Support passing an array to order for SQL parameter sanitization.

Aaron Suggs
Avoid disabling errors on the PostgreSQL connection when enabling the standard_conforming_strings setting. Errors were previously disabled because the setting wasn't writable in Postgres 8.1 and didn't exist in earlier versions. Now Rails only supports Postgres 8.2+ we're fine to assume the setting exists. Disabling errors caused problems when using a connection pooling tool like PgBouncer because it's not guaranteed to have the same connection between calls to execute and it could leave the connection with errors disabled.

Fixes #22101.

Harry Marr
Set scope.reordering_value to true if :reordering-values are specified.

Fixes #21886.

Hiroaki Izu

Add support for bidirectional destroy dependencies.

Fixes #13609.

Example:

class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :position, dependent: :destroy
end

class Position < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :content, dependent: :destroy
end

Seb Jacobs

Includes HABTM returns correct size now. It's caused by the join dependency only instantiates one HABTM object because the join table hasn't a primary key.

Fixes #16032.

Examples:

before:

Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 1

after:

Project.first.salaried_developers.size # => 3
Project.includes(:salaried_developers).first.salaried_developers.size # => 3

Bigxiang

Add option to index errors in nested attributes

For models which have nested attributes, errors within those models will now be indexed if :index_errors is specified when defining a has_many relationship, or if its set in the global config.

Example:

class Guitar < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :tuning_pegs, index_errors: true
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :tuning_pegs
end

class TuningPeg < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :guitar
  validates_numericality_of :pitch
end

# Old style
guitar.errors["tuning_pegs.pitch"] = ["is not a number"]

# New style (if defined globally, or set in has_many_relationship)
guitar.errors["tuning_pegs[1].pitch"] = ["is not a number"]

Michael Probber, Terence Sun

Exit with non-zero status for failed database rake tasks.

Jay Hayes
Queries such as Computer.joins(:monitor).group(:status).count will now be interpreted as Computer.joins(:monitor).group('computers.status').count so that when Computer and Monitor have both status columns we don't have conflicts in projection.

Rafael Sales
Add ability to default to uuid as primary key when generating database migrations.

Example:
```
config.generators do |g|
  g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid
end
```
Jon McCartie
Don't cache arguments in #find_by if they are an ActiveRecord::Relation.

Fixes #20817.

Hiroaki Izu
Qualify column name inserted by group in calculation.

Giving group an unqualified column name now works, even if the relation has JOIN with another table which also has a column of the name.

Soutaro Matsumoto
Don't cache prepared statements containing an IN clause or a SQL literal, as these queries will change often and are unlikely to have a cache hit.

Sean Griffin
Fix rewhere in a has_many association.

Fixes #21955.

Josh Branchaud, Kal
where raises ArgumentError on unsupported types.

Fixes #20473.

Jake Worth
Add an immutable string type to help reduce memory usage for apps which do not need mutation detection on strings.

Sean Griffin
Give ActiveRecord::Relation#update its own deprecation warning when passed an ActiveRecord::Base instance.

Fixes #21945.

Ted Johansson
Make it possible to pass :to_table when adding a foreign key through add_reference.

Fixes #21563.

Yves Senn
No longer pass deprecated option -i to pg_dump.

Paul Sadauskas
Concurrent AR::Base#increment! and #decrement! on the same record are all reflected in the database rather than overwriting each other.

Bogdan Gusiev
Avoid leaking the first relation we call first on, per model.

Fixes #21921.

Matthew Draper, Jean Boussier
Remove unused pk_and_sequence_for in AbstractMysqlAdapter.

Ryuta Kamizono
Allow fixtures files to set the model class in the YAML file itself.

To load the fixtures file accounts.yml as the User model, use:
```
_fixture:
  model_class: User
david:
  name: David
```
Fixes #9516.

Roque Pinel
Don't require a database connection to load a class which uses acceptance validations.

Sean Griffin
Correctly apply unscope when preloading through associations.

Jimmy Bourassa
Fixed taking precision into count when assigning a value to timestamp attribute.

Timestamp column can have less precision than ruby timestamp In result in how big a fraction of a second can be stored in the database.
```
m = Model.create!
m.created_at.usec == m.reload.created_at.usec # => false
# due to different precision in Time.now and database column
```
If the precision is low enough, (mysql default is 0, so it is always low enough by default) the value changes when model is reloaded from the database. This patch fixes that issue ensuring that any timestamp assigned as an attribute is converted to column precision under the attribute.

Bogdan Gusiev
Introduce connection.data_sources and connection.data_source_exists?. These methods determine what relations can be used to back Active Record models (usually tables and views).

Also deprecate SchemaCache#tables, SchemaCache#table_exists? and SchemaCache#clear_table_cache! in favor of their new data source counterparts.

Yves Senn, Matthew Draper
Add ActiveRecord::Base.ignored_columns to make some columns invisible from Active Record.

Jean Boussier
ActiveRecord::Tasks::MySQLDatabaseTasks fails if shellout to mysql commands (like mysqldump) is not successful.

Steve Mitchell
Ensure select quotes aliased attributes, even when using from.

Fixes #21488.

Sean Griffin, @johanlunds

MySQL: support unsigned numeric data types.

Example:

create_table :foos do |t|
  t.unsigned_integer :quantity
  t.unsigned_bigint  :total
  t.unsigned_float   :percentage
  t.unsigned_decimal :price, precision: 10, scale: 2
end

The unsigned: true option may be used for the primary key:

create_table :foos, id: :bigint, unsigned: true do |t|
  …
end

Ryuta Kamizono

Add #views and #view_exists? methods on connection adapters.

Ryuta Kamizono

Correctly dump composite primary key.

Example:

create_table :barcodes, primary_key: ["region", "code"] do |t|
  t.string :region
  t.integer :code
end

Ryuta Kamizono

Lookup the attribute name for restrict_with_error messages on the model class that defines the association.

kuboon, Ronak Jangir
Correct query for PostgreSQL 8.2 compatibility.

Ben Murphy, Matthew Draper
bin/rails db:migrate uses ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrations_paths instead of Migrator.migrations_paths.

Tobias Bielohlawek
Support dropping indexes concurrently in PostgreSQL.

See http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/sql-dropindex.html for more details.

Grey Baker
Deprecate passing conditions to ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_all and ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_all.

Wojciech Wnętrzak
Instantiating an AR model with ActionController::Parameters now raises an ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError if the parameters include a type field that has not been explicitly permitted. Previously, the type field was simply ignored in the same situation.

Prem Sichanugrist
PostgreSQL, create_schema, drop_schema and rename_table now quote schema names.

Fixes #21418.

Example:
```
create_schema("my.schema")
# CREATE SCHEMA "my.schema";
```
Yves Senn
PostgreSQL, add :if_exists option to #drop_schema. This makes it possible to drop a schema that might exist without raising an exception if it doesn't.

Yves Senn
Only try to nullify has_one target association if the record is persisted.

Fixes #21223.

Agis Anastasopoulos
Uniqueness validator raises descriptive error when running on a persisted record without primary key.

Fixes #21304.

Yves Senn
Add a native JSON data type support in MySQL.

Example:
```
create_table :json_data_type do |t|
  t.json :settings
end
```
Ryuta Kamizono
Descriptive error message when fixtures contain a missing column.

Fixes #21201.

Yves Senn
ActiveRecord::Tasks::PostgreSQLDatabaseTasks fail if shellout to postgresql commands (like pg_dump) is not successful.

Bryan Paxton, Nate Berkopec

Add ActiveRecord::Relation#in_batches to work with records and relations in batches.

Available options are of (batch size), load, start, and finish.

Examples:

Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
Person.in_batches.delete_all
Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
  relation.delete_all
  sleep 10 # Throttles the delete queries
end

Fixes #20933.

Sina Siadat

Added methods for PostgreSQL geometric data types to use in migrations.

Example:

create_table :foo do |t|
  t.line :foo_line
  t.lseg :foo_lseg
  t.box :foo_box
  t.path :foo_path
  t.polygon :foo_polygon
  t.circle :foo_circle
end

Mehmet Emin İNAÇ

Add cache_key to ActiveRecord::Relation.

Example:

@users = User.where("name like ?", "%Alberto%")
@users.cache_key
# => "/users/query-5942b155a43b139f2471b872ac54251f-3-20150714212107656125000"

Alberto Fernández-Capel

Properly allow uniqueness validations on primary keys.

Fixes #20966.

Sean Griffin, presskey
Don't raise an error if an association failed to destroy when destroy was called on the parent (as opposed to destroy!).

Fixes #20991.

Sean Griffin

ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound modified to store model name, primary_key and id of the caller model. It allows the catcher of this exception to make a better decision to what to do with it.

Example:

class SomeAbstractController < ActionController::Base
  rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :redirect_to_404

  private def redirect_to_404(e)
    return redirect_to(posts_url) if e.model == 'Post'
    raise
  end
end

Sameer Rahmani

Deprecate the keys for association restrict_dependent_destroy errors in favor of new key names.

Previously has_one and has_many associations were using the one and many keys respectively. Both of these keys have special meaning in I18n (they are considered to be pluralizations) so by renaming them to has_one and has_many we make the messages more explicit and most importantly they don't clash with linguistical systems that need to validate translation keys (and their pluralizations).

The :'restrict_dependent_destroy.one' key should be replaced with :'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_one', and :'restrict_dependent_destroy.many' with :'restrict_dependent_destroy.has_many'.

Roque Pinel, Christopher Dell
Fix state being carried over from previous transaction.

Considering the following example where name is a required attribute. Before we had new_record? returning true for a persisted record:
```
author = Author.create! name: 'foo'
author.name = nil
author.save        # => false
author.new_record? # => true
```
Fixes #20824.

Roque Pinel
Correctly ignore mark_for_destruction when autosave isn't set to true when validating associations.

Fixes #20882.

Sean Griffin
Fix a bug where counter_cache doesn't always work with polymorphic relations.

Fixes #16407.

Stefan Kanev, Sean Griffin
Ensure that cyclic associations with autosave don't cause duplicate errors to be added to the parent record.

Fixes #20874.

Sean Griffin
Ensure that ActionController::Parameters can still be passed to nested attributes.

Fixes #20922.

Sean Griffin
Deprecate force association reload by passing a truthy argument to association method.

For collection association, you can call #reload on association proxy to force a reload:
```
@user.posts.reload   # Instead of @user.posts(true)
```
For singular association, you can call #reload on the parent object to clear its association cache then call the association method:
```
@user.reload.profile   # Instead of @user.profile(true)
```
Passing a truthy argument to force association to reload will be removed in Rails 5.1.

Prem Sichanugrist
Replaced ActiveSupport::Concurrency::Latch with Concurrent::CountDownLatch from the concurrent-ruby gem.

Jerry D'Antonio
Fix through associations using scopes having the scope merged multiple times.

Fixes #20721. Fixes #20727.

Sean Griffin
ActiveRecord::Base.dump_schema_after_migration applies migration tasks other than db:migrate. (eg. db:rollback, db:migrate:dup, ...)

Fixes #20743.

Yves Senn
Add alternate syntax to make change_column_default reversible.

User can pass in :from and :to to make change_column_default command become reversible.

Example:
```
change_column_default :posts, :status, from: nil, to: "draft"
change_column_default :users, :authorized, from: true, to: false
```
Prem Sichanugrist
Prevent error when using force_reload: true on an unassigned polymorphic belongs_to association.

Fixes #20426.

James Dabbs
Correctly raise ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch when assigning a wrong type to a namespaced association.

Fixes #20545.

Diego Carrion
validates_absence_of respects marked_for_destruction?.

Fixes #20449.

Yves Senn
Include the Enumerable module in ActiveRecord::Relation

Sean Griffin, bogdan
Use Enumerable#sum in ActiveRecord::Relation if a block is given.

Sean Griffin
Let WITH queries (Common Table Expressions) be explainable.

Vladimir Kochnev
Make remove_index :table, :column reversible.

Yves Senn
Fixed an error which would occur in dirty checking when calling update_attributes from a getter.

Fixes #20531.

Sean Griffin
Make remove_foreign_key reversible. Any foreign key options must be specified, similar to remove_column.

Aster Ryan
Add :_prefix and :_suffix options to enum definition.

Fixes #17511, #17415.

Igor Kapkov
Correctly handle decimal arrays with defaults in the schema dumper.

Fixes #20515.

Sean Griffin, jmondo
Deprecate the PostgreSQL :point type in favor of a new one which will return Point objects instead of an Array

Sean Griffin
Ensure symbols passed to ActiveRecord::Relation#select are always treated as columns.

Fixes #20360.

Sean Griffin

Do not set sql_mode if strict: :default is specified.

# config/database.yml
production:
  adapter: mysql2
  database: foo_prod
  user: foo
  strict: :default

Ryuta Kamizono

Allow proc defaults to be passed to the attributes API. See documentation for examples.

Sean Griffin, Kir Shatrov

SQLite: :collation support for string and text columns.

Example:

create_table :foo do |t|
  t.string :string_nocase, collation: 'NOCASE'
  t.text :text_rtrim, collation: 'RTRIM'
end

add_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'RTRIM'

change_column :foo, :title, :string, collation: 'NOCASE'

Akshay Vishnoi

Allow the use of symbols or strings to specify enum values in test fixtures:
```
awdr:
  title: "Agile Web Development with Rails"
  status: :proposed
```
George Claghorn
Clear query cache when ActiveRecord::Base#reload is called.

Shane Hender, Pierre Nespo
Include stored procedures and function on the MySQL structure dump.

Jonathan Worek
Pass :extend option for has_and_belongs_to_many associations to the underlying has_many :through.

Jaehyun Shin
Deprecate Relation#uniq use Relation#distinct instead.

See #9683.

Yves Senn
Allow single table inheritance instantiation to work when storing demodulized class names.

Alex Robbin
Correctly pass MySQL options when using structure_dump or structure_load.

Specifically, it fixes an issue when using SSL authentication.

Alex Coomans
Correctly dump :options on create_table for MySQL.

Ryuta Kamizono

PostgreSQL: :collation support for string and text columns.

Example:

create_table :foos do |t|
  t.string :string_en, collation: 'en_US.UTF-8'
  t.text   :text_ja,   collation: 'ja_JP.UTF-8'
end

Ryuta Kamizono

Remove ActiveRecord::Serialization::XmlSerializer from core.

Zachary Scott
Make unscope aware of "less than" and "greater than" conditions.

TAKAHASHI Kazuaki
find_by and find_by! raise ArgumentError when called without arguments.

Kohei Suzuki
Revert behavior of db:schema:load back to loading the full environment. This ensures that initializers are run.

Fixes #19545.

Yves Senn
Fix missing index when using timestamps with the index option.

The index option used with timestamps should be passed to both column definitions for created_at and updated_at rather than just the first.

Paul Mucur
Rename :class to :anonymous_class in association options.

Fixes #19659.

Andrew White
Autosave existing records on a has many through association when the parent is new.

Fixes #19782.

Sean Griffin
Fixed a bug where uniqueness validations would error on out of range values, even if an validation should have prevented it from hitting the database.

Andrey Voronkov

MySQL: :charset and :collation support for string and text columns.

Example:

create_table :foos do |t|
  t.string :string_utf8_bin, charset: 'utf8', collation: 'utf8_bin'
  t.text   :text_ascii,      charset: 'ascii'
end

Ryuta Kamizono

Foreign key related methods in the migration DSL respect ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names = false.

Fixes #19643.

Mehmet Emin İNAÇ
Reduce memory usage from loading types on PostgreSQL.

Fixes #19578.

Sean Griffin
Add config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than option.

When set to an integer, a warning will be logged whenever a result set larger than the specified size is returned by a query.

Fixes #16463.

Jason Nochlin
Ignore .psqlrc when loading database structure.

Jason Weathered
Fix referencing wrong table aliases while joining tables of has many through association (only when calling calculation methods).

Fixes #19276.

pinglamb
Correctly persist a serialized attribute that has been returned to its default value by an in-place modification.

Fixes #19467.

Matthew Draper
Fix generating the schema file when using PostgreSQL BigInt[] data type. Previously the limit: 8 was not coming through, and this caused it to become Int[] data type after rebuilding from the schema.

Fixes #19420.

Jake Waller
Reuse the CollectionAssociation#reader cache when the foreign key is available prior to save.

Ben Woosley
Add config.active_record.dump_schemas to fix db:structure:dump when using schema_search_path and PostgreSQL extensions.

Fixes #17157.

Ryan Wallace
Renaming use_transactional_fixtures to use_transactional_tests for clarity.

Fixes #18864.

Brandon Weiss
Increase pg gem version requirement to ~> 0.18. Earlier versions of the pg gem are known to have problems with Ruby 2.2.

Matt Brictson
Correctly dump serial and bigserial.

Ryuta Kamizono
Fix default format value in ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#schema_file.

James Cox
Don't enroll records in the transaction if they don't have commit callbacks. This was causing a memory leak when creating many records inside a transaction.

Fixes #15549.

Will Bryant, Aaron Patterson
Correctly create through records when created on a has many through association when using where.

Fixes #19073.

Sean Griffin
Add SchemaMigration.create_table support for any unicode charsets with MySQL.

Ryuta Kamizono
PostgreSQL no longer disables user triggers if system triggers can't be disabled. Disabling user triggers does not fulfill what the method promises. Rails currently requires superuser privileges for this method.

If you absolutely rely on this behavior, consider patching disable_referential_integrity.

Yves Senn
Restore aborted transaction state when disable_referential_integrity fails due to missing permissions.

Toby Ovod-Everett, Yves Senn
In PostgreSQL, print a warning message if disable_referential_integrity fails due to missing permissions.

Andrey Nering, Yves Senn

Allow a :limit option for MySQL bigint primary key support.

Example:

create_table :foos, id: :primary_key, limit: 8 do |t|
end

# or

create_table :foos, id: false do |t|
  t.primary_key :id, limit: 8
end

Ryuta Kamizono

belongs_to will now trigger a validation error by default if the association is not present. You can turn this off on a per-association basis with optional: true. (Note this new default only applies to new Rails apps that will be generated with config.active_record.belongs_to_required_by_default = true in initializer.)

Josef Šimánek
Fixed ActiveRecord::Relation#becomes! and changed_attributes issues for type columns.

Fixes #17139.

Miklos Fazekas
Format the time string according to the precision of the time column.

Ryuta Kamizono
Allow a :precision option for time type columns.

Ryuta Kamizono
Add ActiveRecord::Base.suppress to prevent the receiver from being saved during the given block.

For example, here's a pattern of creating notifications when new comments are posted. (The notification may in turn trigger an email, a push notification, or just appear in the UI somewhere):
```
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :commentable, polymorphic: true
  after_create -> { Notification.create! comment: self,
    recipients: commentable.recipients }
end
```
That's what you want the bulk of the time. A new comment creates a new Notification. There may be edge cases where you don't want that, like when copying a commentable and its comments, in which case write a concern with something like this:
```
module Copyable
  def copy_to(destination)
    Notification.suppress do
      # Copy logic that creates new comments that we do not want triggering
      # notifications.
    end
  end
end
```
Michael Ryan
:time option added for #touch.

Fixes #18905.

Hyonjee Joo
Add foreign_key_exists? method.

Tõnis Simo
Use SQL COUNT and LIMIT 1 queries for none? and one? methods if no block or limit is given, instead of loading the entire collection into memory. This applies to relations (e.g. User.all) as well as associations (e.g. account.users)
```
# Before:

users.none?
# SELECT "users".* FROM "users"

users.one?
# SELECT "users".* FROM "users"

# After:

users.none?
# SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" LIMIT 1

users.one?
# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users"
```
Eugene Gilburg
Have enum perform type casting consistently with the rest of Active Record, such as where.

Sean Griffin
scoping no longer pollutes the current scope of sibling classes when using STI.

Fixes #18806.

Example:
```
StiOne.none.scoping do
  StiTwo.all
end
```
Sean Griffin
remove_reference with foreign_key: true removes the foreign key before removing the column. This fixes a bug where it was not possible to remove the column on MySQL.

Fixes #18664.

Yves Senn
find_in_batches now accepts an :finish parameter that complements the :start parameter to specify where to stop batch processing.

Vipul A M
Fix a rounding problem for PostgreSQL timestamp columns.

If a timestamp column has a precision specified, it needs to format according to that.

Ryuta Kamizono
Respect the database default charset for schema_migrations table.

The charset of version column in schema_migrations table depends on the database default charset and collation rather than the encoding of the connection.

Ryuta Kamizono
Raise ArgumentError when passing nil or false to Relation#merge.

These are not valid values to merge in a relation, so it should warn users early.

Rafael Mendonça França
Use SCHEMA instead of DB_STRUCTURE for specifying a structure file.

This makes the db:structure tasks consistent with test:load_structure.

Dieter Komendera
Respect custom primary keys for associations when calling Relation#where

Fixes #18813.

Sean Griffin
Fix several edge cases which could result in a counter cache updating twice or not updating at all for has_many and has_many :through.

Fixes #10865.

Sean Griffin
Foreign keys added by migrations were given random, generated names. This meant a different structure.sql would be generated every time a developer ran migrations on their machine.

The generated part of foreign key names is now a hash of the table name and column name, which is consistent every time you run the migration.

Chris Sinjakli
Fix n+1 query problem when eager loading nil associations (fixes #18312)

Sammy Larbi
Change the default error message from can't be blank to must exist for the presence validator of the :required option on belongs_to/has_one associations.

Henrik Nygren
Fixed ActiveRecord::Relation#group method when an argument is an SQL reserved keyword:

Example:
```
SplitTest.group(:key).count
Property.group(:value).count
```
Bogdan Gusiev
Added the #or method on ActiveRecord::Relation, allowing use of the OR operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses.

Example:
```
Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2'))
# => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
```
Sean Griffin, Matthew Draper, Gael Muller, Olivier El Mekki
Don't define autosave association callbacks twice from accepts_nested_attributes_for.

Fixes #18704.

Sean Griffin
Integer types will no longer raise a RangeError when assigning an attribute, but will instead raise when going to the database.

Fixes several vague issues which were never reported directly. See the commit message from the commit which added this line for some examples.

Sean Griffin
Values which would error while being sent to the database (such as an ASCII-8BIT string with invalid UTF-8 bytes on SQLite3), no longer error on assignment. They will still error when sent to the database, but you are given the ability to re-assign it to a valid value.

Fixes #18580.

Sean Griffin
Don't remove join dependencies in Relation#exists?

Fixes #18632.

Sean Griffin
Invalid values assigned to a JSON column are assumed to be nil.

Fixes #18629.

Sean Griffin
Add ActiveRecord::Base#accessed_fields, which can be used to quickly discover which fields were read from a model when you are looking to only select the data you need from the database.

Sean Griffin
Introduce the :if_exists option for drop_table.

Example:
```
drop_table(:posts, if_exists: true)
```
That would execute:
```
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS posts
```
If the table doesn't exist, if_exists: false (the default) raises an exception whereas if_exists: true does nothing.

Cody Cutrer, Stefan Kanev, Ryuta Kamizono
Don't run SQL if attribute value is not changed for update_attribute method.

Prathamesh Sonpatki
time columns can now get affected by time_zone_aware_attributes. If you have set config.time_zone to a value other than 'UTC', they will be treated as in that time zone by default in Rails 5.1. If this is not the desired behavior, you can set
```
ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_types = [:datetime]
```
A deprecation warning will be emitted if you have a :time column, and have not explicitly opted out.

Fixes #3145.

Sean Griffin
Tests now run after_commit callbacks. You no longer have to declare uses_transaction ‘test name’ to test the results of an after_commit.

after_commit callbacks run after committing a transaction whose parent is not joinable?: un-nested transactions, transactions within test cases, and transactions in console --sandbox.

arthurnn, Ravil Bayramgalin, Matthew Draper
nil as a value for a binary column in a query no longer logs as "", and instead logs as just "nil".

Sean Griffin
attribute_will_change! will no longer cause non-persistable attributes to be sent to the database.

Fixes #18407.

Sean Griffin
Remove support for the protected_attributes gem.

Carlos Antonio da Silva, Roberto Miranda
Fix accessing of fixtures having non-string labels like Fixnum.

Prathamesh Sonpatki
Remove deprecated support to preload instance-dependent associations.

Yves Senn
Remove deprecated support for PostgreSQL ranges with exclusive lower bounds.

Yves Senn
Remove deprecation when modifying a relation with cached Arel. This raises an ImmutableRelation error instead.

Yves Senn
Added ActiveRecord::SecureToken in order to encapsulate generation of unique tokens for attributes in a model using SecureRandom.

Roberto Miranda
Change the behavior of boolean columns to be closer to Ruby's semantics.

Before this change we had a small set of "truthy", and all others are "falsy".

Now, we have a small set of "falsy" values and all others are "truthy" matching Ruby's semantics.

Rafael Mendonça França
Deprecate ActiveRecord::Base.errors_in_transactional_callbacks=.

Rafael Mendonça França
Change transaction callbacks to not swallow errors.

Before this change any errors raised inside a transaction callback were getting rescued and printed in the logs.

Now these errors are not rescued anymore and just bubble up, as the other callbacks.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated Reflection#source_macro.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated symbolized_base_class and symbolized_sti_name.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base.disable_implicit_join_references=.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated access to connection specification using a string accessor.

Now all strings will be handled as a URL.

Rafael Mendonça França
Change the default null value for timestamps to false.

Rafael Mendonça França
Return an array of pools from connection_pools.

Rafael Mendonça França
Return a null column from column_for_attribute when no column exists.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated serialized_attributes.

Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated automatic counter caches on has_many :through.

Rafael Mendonça França
Change the way in which callback chains can be halted.

The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly throw(:abort). In the past, returning false in an Active Record before_ callback had the side effect of halting the callback chain. This is not recommended anymore and, depending on the value of the ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false option, will either not work at all or display a deprecation warning.

claudiob
Clear query cache on rollback.

Florian Weingarten
Fix setting of foreign_key for through associations when building a new record.

Fixes #12698.

Ivan Antropov
Improve dumping of the primary key. If it is not a default primary key, correctly dump the type and options.

Fixes #14169, #16599.

Ryuta Kamizono
Format the datetime string according to the precision of the datetime field.

Incompatible to rounding behavior between MySQL 5.6 and earlier.

In 5.5, when you insert 2014-08-17 12:30:00.999999 the fractional part is ignored. In 5.6, it's rounded to 2014-08-17 12:30:01:

http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68760

Ryuta Kamizono
Allow a precision option for MySQL datetimes.

Ryuta Kamizono
Fixed automatic inverse_of for models nested in a module.

Andrew McCloud

Change ActiveRecord::Relation#update behavior so that it can be called without passing ids of the records to be updated.

This change allows updating multiple records returned by ActiveRecord::Relation with callbacks and validations.

# Before
# ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")

# After
# Comments with group expert updated with body "Group of Rails Experts"
Comment.where(group: 'expert').update(body: "Group of Rails Experts")

Prathamesh Sonpatki

Fix reaping_frequency option when the value is a string.

This usually happens when it is configured using DATABASE_URL.

korbin
Fix error message when trying to create an associated record and the foreign key is missing.

Before this fix the following exception was being raised:
```
NoMethodError: undefined method `val' for #<Arel::Nodes::BindParam:0x007fc64d19c218>
```
Now the message is:
```
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'foreign_key' for Model.
```
Rafael Mendonça França
Fix change detection problem for PostgreSQL bytea type and ArgumentError: string contains null byte exception with pg-0.18.

Fixes #17680.

Lars Kanis
When a table has a composite primary key, the primary_key method for SQLite3 and PostgreSQL adapters was only returning the first field of the key. Ensures that it will return nil instead, as Active Record doesn't support composite primary keys.

Fixes #18070.

arthurnn
validates_size_of / validates_length_of do not count records which are marked_for_destruction?.

Fixes #7247.

Yves Senn
Ensure first! and friends work on loaded associations.

Fixes #18237.

Sean Griffin
eager_load preserves readonly flag for associations.

Fixes #15853.

Takashi Kokubun
Provide :touch option to save() to accommodate saving without updating timestamps.

Fixes #18202.

Dan Olson
Provide a more helpful error message when an unsupported class is passed to serialize.

Fixes #18224.

Sean Griffin
Add bigint primary key support for MySQL.

Example:
```
create_table :foos, id: :bigint do |t|
end
```
Ryuta Kamizono
Support for any type of primary key.

Fixes #14194.

Ryuta Kamizono
Dump the default nil for PostgreSQL UUID primary key.

Ryuta Kamizono
Add a :foreign_key option to references and associated migration methods. The model and migration generators now use this option, rather than the add_foreign_key form.

Sean Griffin
Don't raise when writing an attribute with an out-of-range datetime passed by the user.

Grey Baker
Replace deprecated ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema with ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#load_schema_for.

Yves Senn
Fix bug with ActiveRecord::Type::Numeric that caused negative values to be marked as having changed when set to the same negative value.

Fixes #18161.

Daniel Fox
Introduce force: :cascade option for create_table. Using this option will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys). db/schema.rb now uses force: :cascade. This makes it possible to reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.

Matthew Draper, Yves Senn
db:schema:load and db:structure:load no longer purge the database before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do. db:test:prepare will still purge the database.

Fixes #17945.

Yves Senn
Fix undesirable RangeError by Type::Integer. Add Type::UnsignedInteger.

Ryuta Kamizono
Add foreign_type option to has_one and has_many association macros.

This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.

Ulisses Almeida, Kassio Borges
Remove deprecated behavior allowing nested arrays to be passed as query values.

Melanie Gilman
Deprecate passing a class as a value in a query. Users should pass strings instead.

Melanie Gilman
add_timestamps and remove_timestamps now properly reversible with options.

Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich
ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#column_spec and ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ColumnDumper#prepare_column_options no longer have a types argument. They should access connection#native_database_types directly.

Yves Senn

Please check 4-2-stable for previous changes.

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CHANGELOG.md

CHANGELOG.md

Rails 5.0.0.rc1 (May 06, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta4 (April 27, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta3 (February 24, 2016)

before: SELECT ...

after: No SQL

before: SELECT * FROM `topics`

after: SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1

before: SELECT * FROM `topics`

after: Deprecation Warning for irreversible order

Rails 5.0.0.beta2 (February 01, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta1 (December 18, 2015)

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File metadata and controls

Rails 5.0.0.rc1 (May 06, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta4 (April 27, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta3 (February 24, 2016)

before: SELECT ...

after: No SQL

before: SELECT * FROM topics

after: SELECT * FROM topics ORDER BY topics.title DESC LIMIT 1

before: SELECT * FROM topics

after: Deprecation Warning for irreversible order

Rails 5.0.0.beta2 (February 01, 2016)

Rails 5.0.0.beta1 (December 18, 2015)

before: SELECT * FROM `topics`

after: SELECT * FROM `topics` ORDER BY `topics`.`title` DESC LIMIT 1

before: SELECT * FROM `topics`