Fix regex quantifier check to include capture groups

[davidwendt]

Description

Adds regex compile logic to check quantifier can be used with the previous item even if its within a capture group.
This prevents an infinite loop occurring when evaluating the expression.
Additional gtests are included to check for this condition which should throw an error.

Closes #11311

Checklist

• I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
• New or existing tests cover these changes.
• The documentation is up to date with these changes.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

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[elstehle]

just adding a minor comment. will re-parse now with the updates suggested by @upsj

[elstehle]

LGTM. Thanks for getting me to learn another digestible bit from the regex universe 💡

[davidwendt]

@gpucibot merge