Fix some problems turned up by ossfuzz #4927
Merged
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Looking at the results of some of the more serious fuzz test failures led to this series of fixes.
Some of these are for undefined behavior (mainly due to static_casting the wrong way in the type hierarchy), but some are general defensive programming when it comes to parsing inputs. Most of the defensive programming stuff won't matter with real inputs, but it doesn't hurt to tighten up the parsers some.