[Java] Make AsciiEncoding throw exceptions similar to JDK parseInt/parseLong

[AndreyNudko]

Empty string results in NumberFormatException. Attempt to read outside string boundaries (or negative length) in IndexOutOfBoundsException.
This behaviour is consistent with Integer::parseInt / Long::parseLong, and makes a slightly more usable API which does not force callers to catch 2 exceptions for the same kind of error - non-numeric input value. Incorrect usage still results in IndexOutOfBoundsException.

As I understand this is performance-sensitive call, I've run some benchmarks to parse 1 million numbers and try to evaluate effect of the special-case for length <=1

• mix of random 1- and 2- digit numbers (80/20)
• random numbers which are multiple of 1 million in 1-50m range
• random non-negative numbers
• mix of random negative and non-negative numbers
  On my machine first case actually shows slight improvement (~15%) - which I don't quite understand. The other 3 produce pretty consistent results on both original and updated code.

Benchmarks are not included in this PR, but are available from https://github.com/AndreyNudko/agrona/tree/ascii-encoding-benchmarks/agrona-benchmarks/src/main/java/org/agrona