[v23.2.x] c/config_manager: populate configuration status on members notification

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #13964 to branch v23.2.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.2.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-13964-v23.2.x-249
git cherry-pick -x 57c8d7a639b2548a55c20017b3e6f6855389961e

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-13964-v23.2.x-249
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.2.x] c/config_manager: populate configuration status on members notification" \
  --base "v23.2.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-13964-v23.2.x-249" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --reviewer "dotnwat,VladLazar" \
  --milestone "v23.2.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/13964 "