Composer: support non-semver (four part) versions

[rarkins]

Describe the proposed change(s).

Ref: #28294

Here is an example package: https://semver.madewithlove.com/?package=shopware%2Fadministration

This could be quite complex to support because currently composer versioning relies on the npm semver package, which itself does not support non-semver versions.

Supporting non-semver versions plus range syntax is therefore quite challenging.

In theory any non-semver version could be supported, but I think we should narrow it to four-part versions.

[HonkingGoose]

This old issue seems related:

• Add first-class support for versions with 4 sections #4860